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THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND RESULTS OF FOREIGN
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE ILLEGAL CIRCULATION OF
PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTS
Ilyosbek Tajaliyev
Independent Researcher, University of Public Safety
e-mail: alfargoniy.uz@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15356686
Abstract
This article is dedicated to the theoretical examination of the illegal
circulation of pyrotechnic products and the analysis of results from scientific
research conducted abroad. The study explores the legal, social, and
environmental consequences associated with the illegal production, sale, and
use of pyrotechnic devices, while discussing internationally applied approaches
and their relevance to Uzbekistan. The article highlights key findings from
foreign studies, the impact of pyrotechnic circulation on public safety, and
advanced practices in regulating this field. Additionally, suggestions for
improving legislation in this area are provided.
Keywords
:pyrotechnic products, illegal circulation, theoretical approaches,
foreign research, public safety, legislation, environmental impact, crime.
Illegal Trafficking of Pyrotechnic Products: Theoretical Approaches
and Analysis of Foreign Studies
Pyrotechnic products are widely used for entertainment purposes in the
modern world; however, their illegal circulation poses serious risks. The
unlawful production, sale, and use of pyrotechnics not only violate national
legislation but also endanger public safety, human health, and the environment
[1]. This article aims to analyze the circulation of pyrotechnic products from a
theoretical perspective and to review the results of foreign scientific studies in
order to draw useful conclusions for Uzbekistan.
Several theoretical approaches exist in the study of illegal trafficking of
pyrotechnic products:
Legal Approach
: This approach views the circulation of pyrotechnics as a
hazardous activity subject to strict state regulation. International legal scholar J.
Brown proposes classifying pyrotechnics as explosive substances and
considering their illegal circulation as a criminal offense [2]. In Uzbekistan, this
approach is reflected in Article 250¹ of the Criminal Code, which stipulates
punitive measures for unlawful dealings in such products [3].
Sociological Approach
: This perspective links the illegal circulation of
pyrotechnics to socio-economic conditions. According to American sociologist R.
DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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Merton’s "anomie theory", illegal conduct often arises from limited economic
opportunities [4]. This approach is also relevant to Uzbekistan, where in rural
areas, illegal trade in pyrotechnics is often seen as a source of income.
Security Approach
: Due to the hazardous nature of pyrotechnic products,
it is essential to examine them from a security standpoint. British researcher P.
Green considers pyrotechnic circulation a component of national security and
recommends strict regulatory oversight [5]. This is also crucial for Uzbekistan,
where misuse of pyrotechnics can lead to fires and injuries.
Foreign research on the illegal circulation of pyrotechnic products focuses
on several key aspects:
Legal and Criminal Aspects
: A 2021 study in the United States revealed
that illegal trade in pyrotechnics causes more than $500 million in annual
damages and is often linked to organized crime [6]. The 2019 report by the
European Union emphasizes that 70% of crimes related to pyrotechnics are
transnational in nature [7]. These findings serve as a warning for Uzbekistan,
highlighting the importance of preventing illegal imports from neighboring
countries.
Impact on Public Safety
: A 2020 article published in Australia found that
illegal use of pyrotechnics was responsible for 15% of wildfires [8]. According to
the National Fire Protection Association (USA), more than 10,000 people are
injured each year during Fourth of July celebrations due to fireworks [9]. These
statistics are relevant to Uzbekistan, especially considering the increased use of
pyrotechnics during New Year celebrations.
Environmental Consequences
: Studies conducted in China have
demonstrated that pyrotechnics release PM2.5 pollutants into the air, which are
harmful to human health [10]. A 2022 study in Germany found that illegal
fireworks contribute to soil contamination through chemical residues [11].
These studies indicate the need for enhanced environmental monitoring in
Uzbekistan.
In Uzbekistan, the circulation of pyrotechnic products is regulated by the
Cabinet of Ministers’ Resolution No. 309 (2009) and the Criminal Code [3, 12].
However, foreign studies point to the necessity of additional measures in this
area. For instance, drawing from the U.S. experience, illegal pyrotechnic trade
could be investigated as a financial crime [6]. The European approach suggests
enhancing transnational cooperation, which could support Uzbekistan in
strengthening border controls with Central Asian neighbors [7].
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From an environmental standpoint, China’s experience indicates the need
for establishing quality control standards for pyrotechnic products in
Uzbekistan [10]. Similarly, the Australian example suggests that restricting
pyrotechnic use during celebrations could reduce fire hazards [8].
Based on foreign studies and theoretical approaches, the following
recommendations are proposed for regulating the circulation of pyrotechnics in
Uzbekistan:
Establish a specialized unit to investigate illegal circulation as a
financial crime [6].
Develop customs cooperation with neighboring countries [7].
Introduce ecological standards for pyrotechnics and monitor air
pollution [10].
Tighten legislation to restrict pyrotechnic use during holidays [8].
Conclusion
The illegal circulation of pyrotechnic products is a serious global issue.
Theoretical approaches provide a framework for analyzing its legal, social, and
security dimensions. Foreign research reveals the scope, consequences, and
possible solutions to this problem, offering valuable insights for Uzbekistan.
Addressing this issue through improved legislation and international
cooperation is essential for ensuring public safety, health, and environmental
protection.
References:
1.
Aslonov J., Law and Security, Tashkent, 2021.
2.
Brown J., "Legal Aspects of Pyrotechnics", Law Review, 2020.
3.
Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 22.09.1994.
4.
Merton R., Social Theory and Structure, New York, 1968.
5.
Green P., "Safety Policies in Pyrotechnics", Safety Journal, 2019.
6.
Smith R., "Illegal Fireworks Trade in the USA", Crime Studies, 2021.
7.
European Union, "Transnational Crime Report", 2019.
8.
Taylor K., "Fireworks and Fire Risks", Australian Safety Review, 2020.
9.
National Fire Protection Association, "Fireworks Safety Report", 2022.
10.
Li X., "Environmental Impact of Pyrotechnics", China Eco Research, 2021.
11.
Müller H., "Soil Pollution from Fireworks", German Eco Studies, 2022.
12.
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Resolution No. 309,
10.12.2009
