Том 4 № 6 (2025)

Mazkur maqolada emotsional leksikaga oid birliklarning tarjima jarayonida qanday semantik transformatsiyalarga uchrashi tahlil etiladi. O‘zbek tilidan ingliz tiliga tarjima qilingan matnlar asosida emotsional yuklamali so‘zlarning ekvivalent tanlashdagi murakkabliklar, madaniy tafovutlar va tarjimondan talab etiladigan lingvopragmatik yondashuvlar yoritiladi.

This article is dedicated to the theoretical examination of the illegal circulation of pyrotechnic products and the analysis of results from scientific research conducted abroad. The study explores the legal, social, and environmental consequences associated with the illegal production, sale, and use of pyrotechnic devices, while discussing internationally applied approaches and their relevance to Uzbekistan. The article highlights key findings from foreign studies, the impact of pyrotechnic circulation on public safety, and advanced practices in regulating this field. Additionally, suggestions for improving legislation in this area are provided.

This article explores the historical development and theoretical foundations of linguistic terminology, highlighting its evolution across different civilizations and intellectual traditions. From ancient Greek and Roman thinkers to Indian, Arabic, and Western European scholars, each cultural context has significantly shaped the systematization and conceptualization of linguistic terms By analyzing these stages, the article emphasizes the importance of linguistic terms not only in theoretical linguistics but also in practical applications like education, translation, and language policy. The comprehensive approach demonstrates that the study of linguistic terminology is both a historical inquiry and a forward-looking scientific endeavor essential for modern linguistics.

This article covers the pedagogical and methodological foundations of using folk music heritage as a means of instilling national values ​​in students during vocational training. The educational potential of folk music heritage, especially the issues of forming patriotism, national identity, historical memory and respect for cultural heritage in the younger generation through the content-philosophical aspects of melodies and songs, are analyzed.

Mazkur ishda singulyar qoʻzgʻatilgan differensial tenglama uchun chegaraviy masalani sonli yechish masalasi koʻrib chiqilgan. Bunda spektral metodlar asosida yechim quriladi va ularning aniqligi, barqarorligi hamda hisoblashda samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, spektral metodlar singulyar qoʻzgʻatilgan masalalar uchun yuqori aniqlikdagi natijalarni beradi va murakkab fizik modellarni ifodalashda foydali vosita boʻla oladi.

Mazkur maqolada davlatlarning xalqaro miqyosda ijobiy imidjini shakllantirishda madaniyatning roli tahlil qilinadi. Kultura orqali global sahnada o‘zini namoyon qilish strategiyalari Koreya (K-culture), Yaponiya (Cool Japan) va Fransiya (La Francophonie) misolida chuqur o‘rganiladi. Tahlil davomida "yumshoq kuch" konsepsiyasi, kreativ industriyalar va madaniy diplomatiya vositalarining ta’siri keng yoritiladi.

This article analyzes the corrosion process that occurs in concrete and reinforced concrete materials used in the construction industry. During the analysis, the causes of corrosion are identified and ways to eliminate them are proposed.

Mahmud Koshg‘ariyning “Devonu lug‘otit turk” asari oddiy lug‘at emas, balki XI asr turkiy tillarining fonetikasi, leksikasi, dialektologiyasi va tarixiy taraqqiyotini chuqur ilmiy asosda aks ettirgan nodir manbadir. Ushbu maqolada asardagi qadimgi turkiy tilning turli dialekt shakllari, semantik farqlari va uslubiy boyligi yoritilgan.

Pandemiya davrida O‘zbekistonda raqamli ta’limni yuksaltirish maqsadida turli platformalar, masofaviy o‘qitish dasturlari va onlayn darslar faol ishga tushirildi. Bu tajribalar ta’lim jarayonining raqamli ta’limga o‘tishiga poydevor yaratdi. Shu bilan birga, ushbu jarayon davomida yuzaga kelgan muammolar va olingan tajribalar pandemiyadan keyingi davrda raqamli ta’limni rivojlantirishning asosiy yo‘nalishlarini belgilashga xizmat qiladi.

Temuriylar davriga oid arxeologik tadqiqotlar asosida hayvonot dunyosining o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil etiladi. Tadqiqotlar davomida tasviriy san’at namunalaridagi hayvon obrazlari, shuningdek, tangalar va keramikalardagi zoomorf naqshlar orqali bu davrdagi chorvachilik, transport vositalari sifatida foydalanilgan hayvonlar va ularning diniy-ramziy ma’nolari o‘rganiladi. Hayvonot dunyosining iqtisodiy, madaniy va estetik jihatlardagi ifodasi orqali Temuriylar zamonasining ekologik holati va ijtimoiy hayoti haqida ilmiy xulosalar berilgan.

В данной статье рассматривается сотрудничество между Республикой Узбекистан и Китайской Народной Республикой в контексте международных отношений. В статье анализируется основные направления сотрудничества между данными странами, а также выявлены особенности их взаимодействия в экономической, культурной и политических сферах .Кроме того, в данной статье обсуждаются вызовы и препятствия для дальнейшего развития отношений между Узбекистаном и Китаем и возможности укрепления сотрудничества между двумя странами в будущем.

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of cash flow management, as well as modern approaches to ensuring liquidity. To achieve financial stability, enterprises must strategically manage cash flow, maintain solvency, and proactively assess potential financial risks. The article also analyzes the impact of factors such as artificial intelligence, financial planning, accounting discipline, and diversity of financing sources on liquidity. The recommendations developed based on analytical approaches are of practical importance for small and large enterprises.

Мақолада ахборот технологиялари соҳасидаги жиноятларнинг олдини олишнинг халқаро, миллий норматив ҳуқуқий асосларининг  моҳияти ёритилиб, ҳуқуқий бўшлиқни бартараф этиш бўйича таклифлар билдирилган. 

The article examines the formation of key teacher competencies as a fundamental condition for improving the quality of education. Professional competence is presented as a combination of knowledge, skills, and personal qualities necessary for effective teaching. Emphasis is placed on the importance of intellectual, communicative, informational, reflective, and constructive competencies, as well as the integration of innovative methods and technologies. The development of teacher competencies is viewed as essential for meeting modern educational demands and ensuring student success.

Maqolada o‘zbek badiiy kinosida ovoz va akustik pauza o‘rtasidagi dialektikaning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Kino san’atida ovoz va sukunat o‘rtasidagi kontrast, tomoshabinning his-tuyg‘ularini shakllantirish va uning mazmunni qabul qilish jarayonini chuqurlashtirishda muhim vosita sifatida xizmat qiladi. Akustik semantika yaratish orqali filmning ma’no, kayfiyat va falsafiy mazmuni yanada aniqlanadi. Ovoz va pauza o‘rtasidagi dialektik bog‘lanish tomoshabinning emotsional javoblarini uyg‘otib, uni tafakkur qilishga undaydi va filmning estetik qatlamlarini ochadi. Ushbu maqolada kinoakustik vositalarning dramatik funksiyalari, shuningdek, ovoz va pauzaning kino tilidagi o‘rni va ularning filmning ma’no va falsafiy qatlamlarini ifodalashdagi roli chuqur ilmiy nuqtai nazardan ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Mazkur maqolada o’zbek xalqi tarkibidagi eng katta etnik guruhlardan biri yuz (juz) urug’ining o’rganilish tarixi, yuz atamasining kelib chiqishi, yuz urug’ining shahobchalari, ularning Bulung’ur bo’ylab geografik joylashuvi bo’ycha mulohazlar bayon etilgan.

Барча замонларда ва барча маданиятли ҳалқлар орасида инсон саломатлиги энг олий қадирят бўлиб, у инсон ҳаётининг асосини ташкил этган. БМТнинг “Инсон ҳуқуқлари умумжаҳон Декларацияси”нинг 25-моддасида, ҳар бир инсоннинг ўзи ҳамда оиласининг саломатлиги ва фаровонлигини таъминлаш учун зарур бўлган турмуш даражасига эга бўлиш ҳуқуқи кафолатланган . ЖССТнинг “Низоми”да “Ҳукуматлар ўз халқларининг соғлиғи учун жавобгардир ва бу масъулият тегишли ижтимоий ва соғлиқни сақлаш чораларини кўришни талаб қилади” деб белгиланган .

В этой статье анализируются современные методы замедления развития микроорганизмов с помощью технологий низкотемпературной сушки фруктов. Влияние методов лиофилизации, вакуумной и тепловой сушки на микробиологическую безопасность было изучено на основе экспериментальных исследований. Статистически проанализирована зависимость между температурой сушки, уровнем влажности и количеством микрофлоры. Полученные результаты показали, что низкотемпературная сушка является эффективным решением для продления срока хранения фруктовых продуктов и обеспечения безопасности пищевых продуктов.

The article explains the term PR (public relations, public relations). It also discusses why and to whom PR is necessary, its difference from marketing, methods, and advantages.

Arxitektura va kurilish ta’limida mutaxasis fanlarni o‘qitishda turli xil pedagogik texnologiyalar ko‘llanilmokda. Bu fanlarni o‘qitishda eng avvalo fanning kimga qaratilganligi, qaysi yo‘nalishga yoki mutaxassislikka o‘qitilishi muxim o‘rin egallaydi. Mutaxassis kadrlarni tayyorlashda pedagog mahorati, bilimi, nutq madaniyati va o‘qitishning zamonaviy usullarini qo‘llash birinchi o‘rinda turadi.

Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich ta’lim jarayonida o‘quvchilarning emotsional intellektini shakllantirish va rivojlantirishning pedagogik asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Emotsional intellekt tushunchasining mazmuni, uning komponentlari va bolaning ijtimoiy-psixologik rivojlanishidagi o‘rni ochib beriladi. Shuningdek, dars jarayonida o‘quvchilarning hissiy holatini hisobga olgan holda ta’lim berish metodlari, o‘qituvchining roli hamda samarali muhit yaratish usullari yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada 1917-yilgi fevral voqealari va oktyabr to`ntarishidan so`ng Markaziy Osiyo xalqlarining hayotida – ijtimoiy-siyosiy, iqtisodiy, ma`naviy-ma`fkuraviy, jumladan xalq maorifi sohalarida keskin o`zgarishlar va bu davrdagi jadidchilik harakatining o‘rganishning bugungi kun ta‘lim tizimidagi o`rni haqida so`z yuritiladi.

This article analyzes the essence of juridical translation not as a purely linguistic, but as a multifaceted cognitive process. Translation is not merely the substitution of linguistic elements but a process of ideological and logical transfer between entire juridical, cultural, and social systems. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of juridical texts, cognitive differences, intercultural contextual disparities, and the translator’s role and responsibility. Additionally, important theoretical concepts are supported by real translation examples, highlighting factors that influence translation quality.

In today’s global landscape, information security and information-political security have emerged as fundamental pillars for ensuring societal stability, national sovereignty, and international peace. This article explores the growing significance of information and cybersecurity within Uzbekistan, analyzing the legal foundations, technological advancements, and challenges associated with securing data at personal, corporate, and governmental levels. With the increasing frequency of cyberattacks and manipulation of digital information, comprehensive legal regulations such as the Constitution of Uzbekistan and the Law "On Cybersecurity" have been introduced to bolster national protection mechanisms.

This article discusses the changes that the art of piano has undergone in the age of digital technologies. In particular, the impact of electronic pianos, MIDI systems, digital audio workstations (DAW), online performance platforms, and artificial intelligence on the music creation process is analyzed. The article explores the influence of digital technologies on performance, their advantages, and future prospects. The synergy between traditional pianos and digital tools is demonstrated to be opening new horizons in musical creativity.

Мамлакатимизда сўнгги йилларда амалга оширилаётган суд-ҳуқуқ тизимидаги изчил ислоҳотлардан кўзланган мақсад биринчи навбатда, жиноят ва жиноят-процессуал қонунчилигида инсонпарварлик тамойилларини кучайтиришга йўналтирилганлиги билан аҳамиятлидир. Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2016  йил 21  октябрдаги “Суд-ҳуқуқ тизимини янада ислоҳ қилиш, фуқароларнинг ҳуқуқ ва эркинликларини ишончли ҳимоя қилиш кафолатларини кучайтириш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида”ги

Mazkur maqolada iqtisodiy tarbiya tushunchasining mohiyati, mazmuni va uning zamonaviy ta’limdagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Shuningdek, iqtisodiy tarbiyaning yosh avlodni tayyorlashdagi ahamiyati hamda uni erta bosqichda shakllantirish zarurati tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, ushbu maqolada, iqtisodiy tarbiyaning jamiyatning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy taraqqiyotidagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, o‘quvchilarda iqtisodiy tafakkurni erta bosqichda shakllantirish zarurati asoslab beriladi hamda bu yo‘ldagi samarali metodlar ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Anemia remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource-constrained settings like Uzbekistan, where its multifactorial etiology complicates diagnosis and management. Modern biomarkers, including hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr), erythroferrone, and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), have transformed anemia diagnostics by offering superior specificity and sensitivity over conventional markers such as hemoglobin and ferritin. These biomarkers enable precise differentiation of anemia subtypes, including iron deficiency anemia (IDA), anemia of chronic disease (ACD), and hemolytic anemias, facilitating targeted therapeutic interventions. This article comprehensively explores the diagnostic utility of these biomarkers, their integration into clinical practice, and the practical challenges and opportunities for their implementation in Uzbekistan, considering the country’s healthcare infrastructure, economic limitations, and unique epidemiological profile. By bridging global diagnostic advancements with local needs, this study highlights the transformative potential of biomarkers in enhancing anemia management in Uzbekistan.

Ushbu maqolada raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida real tarmoqlar uchun malakali kadrlar tayyorlash tizimini takomillashtirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Raqamli iqtisodiyotning kengayishi natijasida ishlab chiqarish, xizmat ko‘rsatish va boshqa iqtisodiy sohalarda yuqori darajada raqamli kompetensiyalarga ega bo‘lgan mutaxassislarga bo‘lgan talab keskin oshmoqda. Tadqiqot davomida O‘zbekiston Respublikasi ta’lim tizimida mavjud bo‘lgan kadrlar tayyorlash jarayonidagi asosiy kamchiliklar aniqlanib, ularga sabab bo‘layotgan omillar ilmiy asosda o‘rganib chiqildi. Xalqaro ilg‘or tajribalarni o‘rganish va qiyosiy tahlillar natijasida, aniqlangan kamchiliklarni bartaraf etish uchun amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqildi. Shu bilan birga, raqamli iqtisodiyotning talablariga mos keladigan ta’lim dasturlarini takomillashtirish, ishlab chiqarish korxonalari bilan ta’lim muassasalari o‘rtasidagi hamkorlik mexanizmlarini rivojlantirish, amaliy mashg‘ulotlarni samarali tashkil qilish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

Mazkur maqоlada maktabgacha ta’lim jarayоnida bоlalarning intellektual rivоjlanishi masalasi atrоflicha yоritilgan. Unda intellektual rivоjlanishning bоlaning umumiy shakllanishidagi о‘rni, kоgnitiv qоbiliyatlar — diqqat, xоtira, tahlil qilish, nutq va mantiqiy fikrlash kabi jihatlar asоsida tahlil etilgan. Maqоlada о‘yin оrqali о‘rganish, ijоdiy faоliyat, mazmunli mashg‘ulоtlar va kо‘rgazmali vоsitalar yоrdamida bоlalarda mustaqil fikrlash va muammоlarni hal qilish kо‘nikmalarini shakllantirishning ahamiyati kо‘rsatib о‘tilgan. Shuningdek, pedagоglar va оta-оnalarning bu jarayоndagi rоli, bоlalarga qulay muhit yaratishning zarurligi ta’kidlangan. Maqоla maktabgacha ta’lim sоhasida faоliyat yurituvchi tarbiyachilar, о‘qituvchilar va psixоlоglar uchun fоydali metоdik manba bо‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Дадаизм и сюрреализм – два радикальных художественных направления, появившиеся в начале XX века в ответ на социальные и культурные потрясения. Дадаисты отрицали традиционные ценности искусства, сознательно разрушая смысл и структуру произведений с помощью коллажей, случайности и алогичных комбинаций. Их искусство стало формой протеста против буржуазного общества и войны, демонстрируя абсурдность существующего порядка. В отличие от них, сюрреалисты стремились проникнуть в глубины человеческого подсознания, используя методы автоматического письма, сновидческой логики и парадоксальных образов. Они черпали вдохновение в психоанализе Фрейда, исследуя скрытые механизмы сознания. Оба течения оказали значительное влияние на литературу, театр, кинематограф и дизайн, а их идеи продолжают развиваться и сегодня. В современном мире элементы дадаизма и сюрреализма можно увидеть в цифровом искусстве, мем-культуре, рекламной индустрии и концептуальных художественных практиках. Эта статья раскрывает философские и эстетические основы дадаизма и сюрреализма, их развитие, культурное наследие и актуальность в XXI веке.

Mazkur ilmiy ishda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida korporativ obligatsiyalar bozorining shakllanishi, hozirgi holati va rivojlanish istiqbollari o‘rganilgan. Korporativ obligatsiyalar xususiy sektor korxonalarining investitsiya loyihalarini moliyalashtirishda muhim manba bo‘lib, kapital bozorining chuqurlashuvi va moliyaviy vositalarning diversifikatsiyasida alohida o‘rin egallaydi.

This article analyzes the issues of language and speech culture in Alisher Navoi's ghazals from the perspective of phonetics (phonology). The article studies phonetic features such as pronunciation of sounds, harmony between sounds, melodiousness and rhythm in Navoi's work, and their role as a means of artistic expression. It also shows the harmony of sounds in ghazals and their influence on speech culture, beauty and aesthetics of the language. The results of the research confirm that Navoi's works are rich and perfect in terms of language culture and phonetics, and bring new perspectives to the fields of Uzbek linguistics and literary studies.

This article examines the effectiveness of the flipped classroom method in teaching Arabic. With the flipped classroom method, students independently study the teacher's explanations in advance through videos or other interactive materials, and in the lesson they consolidate their knowledge through practical exercises and discussions. The article analyzes the effectiveness of this method in developing language skills, especially listening comprehension and speaking, compared to traditional teaching methods. It also examines the opinions of students and teachers, and the advantages and disadvantages of flipped learning. The results of the study show that the flipped classroom method plays an important role in making the learning process active, interactive, and effective in teaching Arabic.

This article analyzes the role and descriptive functions of epithet, simile and hyperbole, which are widely used in fairy tales, in written and oral speech. It is shown that these means are of great importance in increasing the imagery of fairy tales, enriching the reader's imagination and enhancing the emotional impact of the story. The article reveals the characteristics of each descriptive means, their role in the content and style of fairy tales with examples. Special attention is also paid to the role of these means in the development of students' linguistic and literary views.

Ushbu ilmiy ishda tijorat banklarining konsalting xizmatlarini takomillashtirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Unda banklar tomonidan taqdim etilayotgan konsalting xizmatlarining turlari, ularning amaldagi holati va samaradorlik darajasi o‘rganildi. Ayniqsa, mijozlarga ko‘rsatilayotgan moliyaviy maslahat, investitsiyaviy tavsiyalar, buxgalteriya va soliq bo‘yicha maslahat xizmatlarining sifati va qulayligi ilmiy jihatdan baholandi.

Yoshga mos jismoniy tarbiya mashqlarining psixofiziologik asoslari jismoniy va psixologik rivojlanishning o‘zaro bog‘liqligini o‘rganadi. Ushbu tadqiqot, turli yosh guruhlari uchun moslashtirilgan mashqlarni ishlab chiqishda psixofiziologik jihatlarni hisobga olish zaruratini ta'kidlaydi.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy avtobus bekatlarining shahar transport tizimidagi texnik va ekologik ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada bekatlarda qo‘llanilayotgan ilg‘or texnologiyalar, xavfsizlik va qulaylik vositalari, shuningdek, ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlashdagi asosiy omillar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Quyosh panellari, yashil maydonlar va atrof-muhitni himoya qilish yo‘llari kabi yechimlar batafsil yoritilgan. Zamonaviy bekatlar jamoat transportining rivojlanishiga, yo‘lovchilar ishonchini oshirishga va shaharlarning ekologik holatini yaxshilashga katta hissa qo‘shadi. Maqola shuningdek, bekatlarning dizayn jihatlari va kelajak istiqbollarini ham o‘z ichiga oladi.

“O‘tkan kunlar” — o‘zbek adabiyotida jadid namoyondalaridan biri bo‘lib hisoblangan Abdulla Qodiriyning yirik epik asari bo‘lib, unda millat tarixining “eng kirli, qora kunlari”ni tasvirlash asosida xalqning asl ma’naviy qiyofasi ko‘rsatilib berilgan. Mazkur maqolada asarning poetik tuzilmasida muhim o‘rin tutuvchi xat motivi tahlil etiladi.

This article takes into account that temperament plays an important role in sports activities, and an athlete must be ready not only physically but also psychologically. Each athlete reacts differently during competitions or training depending on their internal state, that is, temperament. Temperament is a relatively stable personality trait that undergoes certain changes under the influence of upbringing and living conditions. People have different characteristics depending on the situation.