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MODERN METHODS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Alaudinova Dilnoza
Doctor of philosophy on pedagogical science, PhD, Senior lectuer of Termez state university, Uzbekistan
Choriyeva Sevara
Student of Termez state university, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Innovative technology, foreign
language, language experience, professional
activity,
organizational
forms,
speech
mechanisms, recipient, produtsent.
Received:
31.05.2024
Accepted
: 05.06.2024
Published
: 10.06.2024
Abstract:
In this article has been discussed the
methodology of foreign language teaching, its
essence and the history of the formation of the
methodology of foreign language teaching as a
science and their practical application.
INTRODUCTION
Today, at the time of rapid development, great changes are taking place in the
development of education. In particular, the demand for learning foreign languages in Uzbekistan is
increasing day by day, and at the same time, new doors are opening for young people who know
languages. Also, language learning is one of the most important areas in human society. Language as a
medium of communication can be acquired practically in a natural environment, for example, in the
family and among the public, or in an organized way, for example, in the course of a lesson. Knowledge
related to language phenomena requires theoretical study, and language knowledge, especially
multilingualism, is of great importance in our time of increasing international relations. The
development of world science is developing and accelerating day by day, and this positive development
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did not fail to affect our country as well. Science is actively applying innovative technologies to our
world. As an implementation of this, it would not be wrong to say that the naming of this year by our
Honorable President as the "Year of Youth Support and Public Health" has increased the responsibility
of the youth in our country. It is not an exaggeration to say that the wide application of modern,
advanced innovative technologies in the fields of education has opened the door to wide opportunities
for our young people learning foreign languages.
Pupils and students studying in our country usually learn three languages. These languages have
special names in science and these are: mother tongue, second language and foreign language. The
mother tongue is the first language that plays a special role in the formation of thinking, and the
concepts learned on the basis of the words of the mother tongue are embodied in the sound and written
representation of the words of a foreign language during the learning of a second or foreign language.
When talking about the second language, it is considered as the language of relatives and neighbors of
other nationalities, as well as the concept of second language for students studying in other languages
in secondary and higher educational institutions is the Uzbek language.
A foreign language is the language of a foreign country. Western European languages, in particular
English, Spanish, German, French, and Oriental, Arabic, Turkish, Urdu, Persian, Chinese, Indian
languages are taught in our country, and these languages are included in the curricula of educational
institutions. The process of teaching all three languages is different. First of all, thinking is formed in the
mother tongue, learning foreign languages is related to feeling their phonetic, lexical and grammatical
features. Secondly, the learning process begins with the mother tongue, then the second language, and
finally the foreign language. Thirdly, the mother tongue and the second language are learned in a natural
environment, and a foreign language is learned in an artificial environment. Communication in a foreign
language is often conducted under the guidance of the teacher. The term language experience is almost
never found in methodological literature published in European languages, because in Russian, English,
German, and French schools, the only mother tongue is considered as foreign language learning. In the
schools of our country, it is appropriate to think about the integrated language experience gathered
from the mother tongue and the second language, as well as from the studied foreign language itself.
Acquiring the achievements of foreign language teaching methods in general secondary schools,
preparing a thorough theoretical basis for students' future professional activities, familiarizing them
with modern methods, organizational forms and tools of education, effectively applying the
methodological knowledge gained by students in practice. It creates opportunities for students to
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acquire skills and abilities, as well as positive application of theoretical knowledge and practical skills
acquired in all subjects in school education.
Speech activity is studied by several disciplines. In particular, linguistics deals with the scientific
analysis of the speech product, psychology - speech process, physiology - speech mechanisms.
Psycholinguistics is a relatively new science of speech perception and production. Speech activity takes
place in oral and written forms. Oral speech consists of speaking and listening comprehension, and
written speech consists of reading and writing.
METHOD
Operative, that is, with the participation of language material and motivational, statement of opinion
aspects have been identified in speech activity. The operational aspect of speech is the use of
vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation units in speaking and writing, reading and listening. In the
motivational aspect, the recipient, that is, the speaker and the writer of the opinion and the producer,
the listener and the reader, conveys his opinion to others or understands the opinion of others. Based
on educational goals, language material is selected, distributed, classified, presented, i.e. prepared for
mastering, and these stages are called selection, distribution (grading), classification, presentation in
the English methodology.
Language is considered as the "building" material of speech activity in the form of a social event that
unites units of lexicon, grammar, pronunciation, and unit of lexicon is a unit of grammar, and unit of
pronunciation is considered as a unit of teaching or learning by listening, listening, and reading and
writing. Their functional, semantic and formal aspects require special exercises to master. Listening,
speaking, reading and writing a language unit involve senses such as hearing, speech, sight and touch.
The content arising from these units is the result of the work of the analyzers (hearing, speech, vision
and hand). In addition to senses and analyzers, language units deal with memory and thinking.
Historically, methods are grouped into four groups, and the words "translation", "correct" (or without
translation), "comparative" (or conscious-comparative), "mixed" are added to their names as
identifiers. Thus, all the methods in the centuries-old history of foreign education are grouped into these
four categories, and a brief analysis of each of them is required, because some of their features are used
in a certain way in today's methodology.
The right method. The main reason for the origin of the name of the method is that during teaching in
the correct method, bypassing the mother tongue, an attempt was made to establish a direct association
between the foreign word and the subject, and at the same time the same methodological approach was
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followed in teaching language grammar: they tried to create a direct connection between grammatical
meaning and form. Efforts to teach a foreign language without the participation of the mother tongue
have been properly referred to by terms such as the inductive method and the natural method.
Mixed method. This method was created in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a combination of
translation and correct methods. Another different form of the mixed method was created as a
combination of the principles of the direct method and the comparative method.
Comparative method. Its full name is "conscious-comparative method", and the founder of this
method was L.V. Shcherba, who adapted the method to the modern foreign language teaching process,
and the reporter of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences I.V. Rakhmanov, who effectively continued the
work of the founder of the method.
Learning a foreign language is a multi-faceted education, during which a person experiences complex
psychological change. For example, there is a situation of comparing a foreign language with the mother
tongue. In this process, various methods and technologies of teaching are used, as a result, teaching by
comparing the foreign language with the mother tongue with the help of modern pedagogical
technologies gives an effective result. Practice is the best way to acquire all knowledge, and practice
shows a positive result not only in learning a foreign language, but also in mastering knowledge in all
fields.
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