Vol. 4 No. 06 (2024)

The oral cavity is one of the main gates for coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2); the oral cavity also suffers greatly from this infection, because it is one of the most vulnerable places. In addition, since the salivary glands can serve as a reservoir for viruses and support their release into the external environment, it was concluded that saliva, as a component of oral fluid, can play an important role in the spread of coronavirus infection. This is mainly due to the ACE-2 receptor, which have a high level of expression in the keratinized surface epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, especially in the epithelial cells of the dorsal part of the tongue, tonsils, vocal cords, salivary glands and sinuses, due to which the virus replicates in and causes both oral lesions and oral symptoms mouth After entering the cell, the virus delays the response of the immune system, allowing the infection to progress, and it becomes much more difficult to fight it. Accordingly, due to the relatively high level of COVID-19-associated complications, timely diagnosis of clinical forms, including high-risk patients with prognosis their clinical course and the selection of drug treatment appropriate to the severity of the clinical course remain quite complex and controversial issues. It was emphasized that in some cases oral symptoms may be the initial or only sign of disease, and dentists should take this into account when performing a thorough clinical examination of the oral cavity.

Currently, there is a clear trend towards an increase in the elderly population. Their share in the population of many countries has exceeded 20%. Prevention of aging is one of the most actively and dynamically developing new areas of medicine in recent years. Factors such as decreased metabolism, dysfunction of the endocrine system and immunity, impaired microcirculation and neurohumoral regulation play a role in the process of natural aging. The age-related decrease in estrogen levels in a woman's body plays an important role in the development of endogenous changes in COPD. Skin aging plays an important role in the mechanism of the overall biological aging process of the body. On the one hand, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity determines metabolic, structural and functional changes common to the entire body, and the condition of the skin as a whole may indicate the degree of aging of the body. On the other hand, the oral cavity is an organ that is constantly in contact with the external environment, as a result of which signs of aging can appear much earlier than in other organs.

In modern conditions, mixed oral infections: pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, fungi and protozoa are becoming increasingly important in the emergence of delayed inflammatory complications after dental implantation. Literature data shows that violations of normobiosis in all mucous membranes of the oral cavity are associated with its hygienic condition, dental and periodontal diseases. Local immune protection factors are not of minor importance. To date, the etiological role of the entire group of microorganisms in the appearance of dental mucosa and tooth fairy-implantitis has not been determined. We are talking, first of all, about fungi of the genus Candida, streptococci and staphylococci, the presence of which in the tissues of the oral cavity often indicates immunological diseases in the body, as well as anaerobes found without periodontal signs. tissue disease [2]. In this regard, under certain and not yet fully understood conditions, special attention should be paid to these infectious factors that can lead to the development of inflammatory and inflammatory-destructive complications after surgical interventions carried out to install implants. Rational and effective diagnosis of microbial infection in patients with inflammatory complications after dental implantation remains an unresolved problem, no highly effective pathogenetic methods of its elimination have been developed.

In this paper has been investigated development of the lemon growing industry, the technology of growing citrus fruits in trenches, the duration of the growing season and the amount of heat during this period in the dry subtropical regions of Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Crimea and Krasnodar Territory are related to the growth and cultivation of citrus fruits, different types of greenhouses for growing lemons in the Republic weight of the area, distribution of different types of greenhouses growing lemons by region, problems of construction costs of a greenhouse designed for growing lemons with a trench, semi-trench and simple two-layer film technology on 1 hectare area are highlighted.

This article deals with corpus linguistics, ideas about the corpus and its parallel corpus link, its structure, corpus types, tokens, lemmas, stemming. Today, the theoretical and practical significance of the corps is in the study of the existing possibilities of language in Uzbek linguistics, the identification of problematic aspects of linguistics, the creation of electronic dictionaries, increasing the effectiveness of modern information technology in language learning, automatic translation, search and computer analysis. In solving problems, there is a need to build a corpus of language in specific areas.

The state educational standard of primary general education is based on the concept of the formation of universal educational activities. Logical actions belong to one of the types of universal learning activities. Their formation is an important component of the work of primary school teachers, since logical operations contribute to the development of an active cognitive position in younger schoolchildren. People with logical thinking are able to solve the problems that arise in front of them. In elementary school, the subject of mathematics has the greatest opportunity for the formation of logical actions. In order for this process to be successful, teachers must comply with a number of conditions when preparing and conducting math lessons. In the lessons, it is important to organize "logical five minutes", select variable tasks and ensure a change of student activities. It is important to take into account the age characteristics of children, all tasks should be selected in accordance with the capabilities of younger students. Such work increases the effectiveness of the educational process. Students become active and interested in acquiring new knowledge that they can apply both in educational activities and in real life. This is the universality of logical actions. This article describes in detail the features of the work on the formation of logical actions in younger schoolchildren in mathematics lessons.

The frequency and prevalence of periodontal lesions, problems of etiology, diagnosis of pathogenesis and various treatment methods indicate the importance of this problem in modern dentistry [1, 3, 6, 10]. According to the authors, chronic periodontitis ranks third among dental diseases: in the age group of 34-47 years, the proportion of this form of complicated caries reaches 50%. In 40% of cases, this condition is caused by a carious lesion, and in 60% it occurs as a complication of endodontic treatment, that is, due to the penetration of organic residues beyond the apical opening of the root and the subsequent development of periodontitis [4, 6-8].

The challenge facing reconstructive dentistry today is how to achieve excellent aesthetic results while preserving the biological structures involved as much as possible. Today, clinicians and dental technicians have materials and procedures at their disposal that make it possible to recreate aesthetics and function in a simpler and more predictable way

Despite the obvious successes in the field of preventive and conservative dentistry, the prevalence of abrasion of teeth (ITP) continues to grow: during the period 1992-2004, the proportion of diseases of hard tissues of teeth with elimination properties increased from 30.9 ± 1.8% to 38.2 ± 1.3%, i.e. increased by 7.3% [1, 7-10]. Many issues related to the diagnosis and planning of an integrated approach to the provision of dental care to patients with moderate CAH have not yet been sufficiently studied and covered [2]. Biologically active calcium phosphate in gel or colloidal state is currently of increasing interest in many areas of clinical medicine related to the problem of regeneration of soft and hard tissues of the body. It has been established that the biological activity of apatite largely depends on the size of its particles or grains, and the higher the dispersion of the substance, the more pronounced it is [3]. The use of pure compounds, as well as various combinations of bioactive substances to improve properties such as adhesion, bioactivity and biocompatibility, is also very promising [4]. A promising direction of modification of calcium hydroxyapatite (HCA) from the point of view of obtaining materials with improved properties is the introduction of fluorine and silicon atoms into the structure of HCA. This transformation increases the stability of the material in the chemically active environment of the human body (due to the presence of fluoride ions) and increases its biological activity (due to the presence of silicate ions), while maintaining the inherent biocompatibility of HAP [5]. Nanotechnology is used in the study, production and use of nanostructures, devices and systems, including targeted control and modification of the shape, size, interaction and integration of their constituent nanoscale elements (1-100 nm) to obtain objects with new chemical, physical and biological properties. A number of technologies and methods. Direct transport of medicines to the focus of the pathological process can increase the effectiveness of existing drug therapies [6]. A promising direction in modern dentistry is the creation of new pharmacological agents with particle sizes of the order of 10-9 (nanoparticles) for noninvasive treatment and early prevention of dental diseases. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of new pharmacologically active compositions of nanostructured fluorohydroxyapatite in the treatment of early symptoms of dental hyperextension.

This article describes the socio-psychological classification of the formation of a sense of hope for the near future success in people. A sense of hope is considered an important motivational factor in achieving one's goals. The article analyzes the origin, development and ways of strengthening the feeling of hope, as well as the role of the social environment in this process.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of extractive substances and the main substance - betulin content of Turkestan white birch bark, as well as the results of the study of its structure and some physico-chemical parameters. Betula Turkestanica Roth extractives contain 82% betulin.

Internal audit plays an important role in ensuring a sustainable economy by providing independent and objective assurance of the organization's management, risk management and control processes. This article explores the importance of internal auditing in ensuring sustainability in organizations, focusing on its role in identifying and addressing environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks. By assessing risks, assessing compliance with regulations and standards, and recommending improvements to sustainability practices, internal audit helps organizations reduce risk, improve their reputation, and create long-term value. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by internal audit in achieving sustainability goals, highlighting the need to collaborate with other functions and stakeholders to achieve significant impact. Overall, internal auditing is a key enabler of sustainable economic growth by promoting transparency, accountability and responsible business practices.

In this paper has benne investigated methodological foundations of mahalla management. By author has been described the Mahalla as the basis of local government in Uzbekistan.

This article talks about the experience of pedagogues of foreign countries in the development of general cultural competencies of future teachers.

The social and economic development of a society is largely determined by the level of health of its young population. The objective of this study was to increase the effectiveness of preventive and comprehensive treatment of young patients with major dental diseases using an innovative therapeutic and preventive toothpaste based on organic gel. A group of 32 volunteers participated in the study. All patients underwent a complex dental examination that included basic and additional methods (determination of indices of caries intensity, indicators of oral hygiene (simple hygiene index OHI-S, Silnes-Low index), evaluation of periodontal tissue status (papillary-limbal alveolar abscess index PMA, gingival bleeding in inflammatory periodontal disease index BI Müllmann), evaluation of pain (hypersensitivity) to stimuli using a visual analog scale (VAS), measurement of the electrical conductivity of tooth enamel using the Dentest electrodiagnostic device (ZAO Geosoftident), clinical evaluation of enamel remineralization rate, spectrophotometer "VITA (Easy Shade) (VITA) to evaluate tooth discoloration, oral fluid immunoassay, and cytomorphometric studies of the buccal epithelium. The results of the clinical trials showed that the therapeutic and prophylactic toothpaste has excellent consumer characteristics, has no allergic or local irritant effects on the oral mucosa, improves the natural protection of the oral cavity, effectively cleans up to 100% of the oral cavity, provides anti-inflammatory effects, eliminates gum swelling and bleeding from the first use, reduces tooth sensitivity, reduces tooth enamel structure, and was shown to have no toxic effect on the cells of the buccal epithelium. The results of the clinical trial suggest that the innovative therapeutic and prophylactic dentifrice can be recommended for daily use in a wide range of individuals, as well as in patients with low tooth enamel resistance, various periodontal diseases, and oral mucosa.

The purpose of this study was to explore current ideas about the effectiveness of using a laser in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases. 230 links were analyzed over a five-year period from 2006 to 2011. The authors' conclusions about the effectiveness of laser use in periodontology are very contradictory. Most clinical studies were conducted on small samples, and follow-up periods were insignificant.

The effectiveness of a toothpaste containing carbazbad salt was studied in patients with inflammatory periodontitis, a group of 20 people. Ten of them suffered from chronic catarrhal gingivitis.During dental examination, the indicators of CPU, PMA, Green-Vermillion and interdental papillary bleeding PBI were measured before, 7, 14 and 30 days after the first application of the paste.

The results of the study were measured. The presence of allergic reactions to hygiene products was also determined using the R. Voll drug test. The R. Voll drug test was used for determination. The results of the use of toothpaste with Karlovy Vary salts in patients with chronic systemic catarrh. The use of toothpaste with Karlovy Vary salt in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis led to a 2.3-fold decrease in the PMA index. The PMA index decreased 2.3 times, the Green-Vermilion hygiene index - 3.4 times, the interdental papillary bleeding index PBI - 2.7 times.

The skin is the largest organ of the human body. The unique role of the skin is that it serves as a barrier between the body and the environment. The skin consists of 2 inseparable layers: the epidermis and the dermis, represented by a large number of cell types and auxiliary structures, each of which has its own significance. The protective function of the skin is the ability to participate in maintaining homeostasis by regulating moisture evaporation, maintaining body temperature, preventing the penetration of microorganisms and chemicals, developing an immune response to drugs capable of penetrating mechanical barriers, and, ultimately, in the formation of pigments and keratin to protect against sunlight.

The article aims to reveal and put into practice the importance of online marketing and the role of goods and services in the context of competitiveness of ready-to-wear garments in their national markets.

This article highlights the importance of organizing and conducting action games played from the point of view of the age characteristics and psychology of children educated in preschool educational institutions. It is said that properly selected and organized games will be the main foundation for children's future work. Information is provided about the educational importance of games in a child's life.

In the process of intensive industrial development, the study of the role of harmful and health-related factors of the production environment is timely and very important. After all, unfavorable working conditions contribute to the formation of various pathological processes in the human body (Amirov N.H., 2016). The long-term influence of a complex of production factors simultaneously with the deterioration of the health of workers, as a rule, can lead to pathological changes in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, periodontal diseases, hard tissues of teeth (Galiullin A.N., 2014).

To date, an increase in the number of dental erosions is one of the most common dental diseases. The most important factor in the correction of CAN is to compensate for the loss of hard tooth tissues. We propose a minimally invasive restoration technique for restoring dental defects with increased erosion, developed on the basis of experimental data studying morphostructural changes in hard tooth tissues. Combined treatment of cases of increased dental erosion resulted in a fourfold improvement in QOL due to dental health, according to the integral index.

The concept of permissiveness in Russia presents a fascinating paradox. While there may be outward signs of a permissive society, a closer look reveals a more complex reality. This paper explores the concept of "misconstrued freedom" as a defining feature of how permissiveness is portrayed in Russia. It examines how certain freedoms are embraced, while others are restricted, highlighting the underlying tensions and contradictions within Russian society.

In this article has been discussed the methodology of foreign language teaching, its essence and the history of the formation of the methodology of foreign language teaching as a science and their practical application.

In this article, the impact of monetary policy instruments on the activity of commercial banks, in particular on bank liquidity, loan percentage and loan portfolio, is analyzed on the basis of econometric models. He used two different models in the econometric analysis assessing the impact of monetary policy instruments on commercial banks. The first model is a least square model, while the second is a structural vector autoregression model. In studying the impact of the monetary policy of the Central Bank on the activity of commercial banks, it analyzed two different types of banks.

The problem of surgical treatment of patients with odontogenic root cysts (periodontal ligament) remains relevant to this day. This is due to the high frequency of this disease. Periodontal root cysts account for about 86% of all odontogenic cysts and 7-15% of all diseases of the maxillofacial region. In addition, the urgency of the problem of treating patients with odontogenic jaw cysts is due to the possible development of complications of surgical treatment (cystectomy or cystotomy) using cutting or rotating tools: damage to neighboring anatomical structures, infection, suture divergence and disease recurrence - all this leads to long-term treatment [1-6 ]. Despite the extensive arsenal of surgical methods and medications used to treat patients with this disease, this problem is not considered to be completely solved.

Based on the study conducted, this article will prove that concepts about bioethics and bioethics are related in dental practice. It is also indicated the position of deontology in the direction of orthopedic dentistry. Difficulties in the adaptation period of patients to the prosthesis imposed by an orthopedist stomatolg are mentioned. Among these, the deontological relationship between the orthopedic dentist and the patient is explained.