EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
ISSN: 2750-8587
VOLUME04 ISSUE12
368
POSSIBILITIES OF OBTAINING HYDROPHOBIC CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS BY
INTRODUCING POLYMER COMPOSITIONS INTO CONCRETE AND CERAMIC BRICK
Rahimov Firuz Fazlidinovich
PhD, Associate Professor, Bukhara Engineering - Technological Institute, Uzbekistan
Rakhmatullaev Asliddin
M25-24 CMT Group Master's Student, Bukhara Engineering - Technological Institute, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Hydrophilization, cement, ceramic
material, vinyl ethynyl magnesium bromide,
tetraethoxysilane, water repellent.
Received:
20.12.2024
Accepted
: 25.12.2024
Published
: 30.12.2024
Abstract:
The article presents the synthesis of an
organosilicon water-repellent based on vinyl
ethynyl magnesium bromide for building
materials. The reduction of water absorption due
to the water repellent's effect on the material is
also scientifically substantiated. A comparative
analysis of the synthesized water repellent with
existing water repellents is described.
INTRODUCTION
Much attention is paid worldwide to the production of moisture protection products based on modern
technologies and their use to increase the moisture resistance of building materials and structures. The
production of chemical materials that increase hydrophobicity and their inclusion in building materials
is a pressing issue in all respects. Therefore, it is important to create a new generation of complex
chemicals based on innovative technologies to create moisture-resistant hydrophobic materials and use
them in various fields.
In the modern world, the target of research in the field of moisture resistance, including moisture
resistance of coatings under the influence of moisture and the production of highly effective
hydrophobic coatings of a new generation based on resources, is a serious task.
Optimal technological parameters of processing (consumption of hydrophobic material and
concentration of the working solution, hydrophilization technology), ensuring maximum efficiency and
VOLUME04 ISSUE12
https://doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-04-12-63
Pages: 368-374
EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
ISSN: 2750-8587
VOLUME04 ISSUE12
369
effectiveness of hydrophobic protection, depending on the properties of the material being processed,
such as density, porosity, binding properties, and chemical composition of the material.
However, the data of modern literature contain the most general recommendations on the technology
of surface hydrophilization of building materials, which complicates the application of this effective and
economical method in modern construction practice at the same time. Our research into the technology
of hydrophilization of surfaces of inorganic building materials by various methods shows that materials
of dense structures require special technology of hydrophobic protection. It should be noted that
organosilicon water repellents differ from other water repellents in that they protect materials from
the inside of the recycled building component that retain air and vapor permeability, and they have a
very long service life. This is because almost the only aggressive factor for organic silicon compounds
is sunlight. For laboratory studies of changes in the structural parameters of building materials, samples
of ceramic brick, cement, and heavy concrete were taken. Ceramic samples were made from semi-dry
substances, the average density of the samples was 1840 kg/m3, and the open porosity index was 20%.
When we crushed a large concrete sample, the cement-lime-sand mixture (cement-sand ratio 1:2.5 and
W/C = 0.35) had an average density of 1950 kg/m3 with an open porosity of 14% (Table 1).
Table 1
Approximate indicators for which tests were conducted
Form material
Average
density,
kg/m
3
Degree of
porosity,
%
Total pore
volume,
cm
3
/g
Surface
consumption,
m
2
/g
Ceramic material
1840
20
0,1451
2,0521
Cement-sand
mixture
1950
14
0,1100
6,8563
Hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile, urea-formaldehyde, and solutions based on PVETEOS, protected with a
tetraethoxysilane solution from 1% to 5%, were used as soluble organosilicon water repellents.
The hydrophobic method was carried out by gas drying buried samples of the side surface with air
drying, waterproofed in a resin-like aqueous solution, to a depth of 1 cm along the height of the sample.
The total construction time is 1 minute for cement-sand examples, 4 minutes for ceramic samples, the
duration of each processing stage is 30 seconds, and 2 minutes for cement-sand and ceramic samples,
respectively.
The control parameters of the hydrophobic method were the viscosity of the working solution and the
concentration of the active substance on the area of the material being processed.
EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
ISSN: 2750-8587
VOLUME04 ISSUE12
370
The main objectives of the surface hydrophilization technology, providing the maximum level of
moisture protection for a specific material, are:
1) to ensure better absorption of the material by a permeable solution;
2) optimal distribution of hydrophobic roots over the surface of pores and coatings of the waterproofing
agent.
Thus, the performance indicators of hydrophobic properties are determined in:
- the depth of the non-wetting layer on the surface of the waterproof material;
- the amount of water absorbed by the hydrophobic surface of the material under conditions of fine
assimilation for 24 hours of treatment.
The thickness indicators of the non-aqueous layer were determined by wetting the cut surface of
hydrophobic samples.
The concentration of hydrophobic radicals on the surface of a hydrophobic material depends mainly on
the concentration of the solution, as well as on the flat surface of the material being treated, i.e., on its
chemical nature.
The degree of absorption of a hydrophobic solution depends on its properties, such as density, surface
tension, and dynamic viscosity. These properties were determined experimentally for aqueous
solutions of polymers.
The data analysis shows that the proportional increase in viscosity with the increase in the
concentration of the polymer working solution from 1 to 5% indicates an increase in the number of
loops in the polymer. The maximum number of pores for the material types is about 0.1-0.5 mm for
small holes, but for cement-lime sand samples, a maximum of 10-
50 μm is mixed with a large hole area
and 90% of the total area. The cavity volume for ceramic samples is 0.1 -
in the region of 10 μm,i.e., the
porous structure of ceramic samples is even larger. The visible structure of cement-lime sand samples
is characterized by a more developed specific surface with a smaller porosity volume compared to
ceramic samples(Table 2).
Table 2
Parameters of samples before and after treatment
EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
ISSN: 2750-8587
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Material
form
Before processing, porosity
volume, % and interval distance,
µm
Porosity after treatment in % and
spacing in µm
<0,1
0,1-1 1-10
10-
50
50-
250
<0,1
0,1-
1
1-10
0-
50
0-
250
Ceramic
material
5,31
39,01 51,00 2,27
2,41
5,15
37,8 49,47 2,2
2,33
Cement-
sand
mixture
21,91 7,73
5,73
55,27 9,36
21,25 7,47 5,56
53,6 9,08
The studies have shown (Table 2) that increasing the concentration of working polymer solutions in
the studied range does not affect the amount of impregnated solution and, consequently, the
penetration depth into ceramic and cement-lime sand samples.
The solution consumption is 2.8 l/m2 for ceramic samples and 3
–
3.2 l/m2 for cement-lime sand
samples on average. The absorption rate in cement-lime sand samples is much higher than in ceramic
samples, which is more than 1 minute and more than 4 minutes for ceramic materials, which is
explained by the denser structure of ceramic samples and, consequently, lower absorption of the
solution (Table 3).
Table 3
Properties and efficiency of hydrophobic treatment of samples
Concentration of
working
solution, %
Consumption
of working
solution, l/m
2
Consumption
of active
substance,
g/m
2
The thickness of
the anhydrous
layer, cm
Water
absorption,
g/m
2
Ceramic samples
2,4
3,1
3,8
Sample
2,79
2,80
2,77
-
67
88
107
-
1,7
1,6
1,7
-
247
104
48
5112
Cement-lime sand solution
1
2.5
3
5
Sample
3,10
3,16
3,25
3,04
-
31
79
102
152
-
0.0
0,15
0,16
0,42
-
720
521
428
339
3465
According to the table data, the minimum water absorption in the hydrophobic ceramic samples is 1.7
cm at a working solution concentration of up to 2.4% when using a standard solution and an active
substance consumption of 67 g/m2.
EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
ISSN: 2750-8587
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Treatment of ceramic materials in samples with concentrated solutions is ineffective since the degree
of water absorption in ceramic materials increases from 2.4 to 3.86%, which is 2-5 times higher than
that of a polymolecular organosilicon layer. As a result, the hydrophilic ends of hydrophobic molecules
are activated 1.3 - 1.6 times.
The thickness of the dehydrated layer of hydrophobic cement-lime sand samples, unlike ceramic
samples, directly depends on the concentration of the working solution and the consumption of the
active substance, up to a maximum of 0.42 cm when using a 5% working solution, the consumption of
the active substance is 152 g/m2, and the minimum water absorption rate is up to 339 g/m2.
The fact that the dehydrated layer of hydrophobic ceramic samples and cement-lime sand samples have
different characteristics can be explained by the fact that the specific surface of the pores is much more
developed. It can also be said that the polymer molecules have high adsorption activity. The reason is
that the nature of the hydrated formation of this surface can be explained by the specific surface with a
more developed adsorption activity than that of cement-sand samples and their polymer molecules
since the cement stones OH - groups are located in the active center of the hydrated OH - group in clinker
minerals and interact with them.
The study of the hydrophobic process of solid cement and ceramic materials showed that the efficiency
of hydrophobic treatment depends not only on their compositional properties but also on the
adsorption activity of the molecules of the water-repellent agent on the porous surface. The higher this
activity, the more concentrated the solution should be under these conditions. Under these conditions,
the concentration does not affect the structural nature of the material being processed, that is, the
swelling of the hydrophobic solution. The optimum technological parameters of hydrophobic treatment
of materials with aqueous polymer solutions have been determined. For ceramic bricks, it is
recommended to use active substances of at least 60-70 g/m2 if this solution is mixed in a ratio of 1:20,
40% for polymer product, 2.7 - 3 l/m2 of the working solution is consumed, so that 1. A layer of less
than 7 cm is formed, and water absorption is reduced by 100 times. For binders with a porous structure,
when mixing the solution in a ratio of 1:10, 40% polymer product consumes 2.7 - 3 l/m2 of the working
solution, forming a layer of less than 1.6 cm and absorbing water for 24 hours. Reduced by 10 times.
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