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THE ORIGIN OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AND ITS PLACE IN
HIGHER EDUCATION
S.S. Mirzoyeva
independent researcher of the Department of technological
machinery and equipment of the Bukhara State Technical
University, sayyoramirzayeva96@mail.ru.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15322049
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Qabul qilindi: 29-yanvar 2025 yil
Ma’qullandi: 10-fevral 2025yil
Nashr qilindi:25-fevral 2025 yil
This article discusses the history of distance
education, the need for and attention to distance
education in our Republic, and the reasons for using
distance education in the learning process. The article
discusses the reform of the educational process in the
education system, the development of teaching methods
based on new information technologies, and their
widespread implementation in higher education.
KEYWORDS
Distance
education,
higher education, information
technologies, socio-pedagogical
problems, innovative methods,
quality
of
education,
technological
approach,
dialogue between students and
teachers.
Introduction.
The state of development of modern technologies depends primarily on the intellectual
potential of society, that is, on the development of the education sector. Issues of educational
content and quality are considered a priority. In developed and developing countries of the
world, special attention is paid to the informatization of education. Depending on the ways to
develop education and increase its efficiency, special attention is paid to the introduction of
new information technologies in education. Distance learning is widely used in the world as
an important part of the open education system.[2] The use of information technologies and
the INTERNET in education has led to a further increase in the quality of education. A number
of changes are being made in our republic to train young people with modern knowledge. In
this regard, the source of training highly qualified personnel - higher education - sets
responsible tasks. In particular, the education system is being radically reformed, and
curricula are being re-created based on state standards. All this, in turn, requires a rethinking
of the methods of teaching subjects. With the development of technology, the presence of only
one computer has become sufficient for teaching using technical means. The computer has
successfully taken over the functions previously performed by television, video recorder, film
projector, slide projector, etc. In addition, the quality of information transmission, storage,
and imaging has significantly increased. By now, computer literacy has become an important
sign of culture, and in the future it will become a necessity for every person, no matter where
or in what field they work. Therefore, computer work, teaching how to use a computer will
undoubtedly become a common thing in the near future.
In this regard, it is advisable to reform the educational system in all educational institutions,
universities, develop it on the basis of modern technologies and widely involve them in
practice, study innovations and achievements in the educational system of developed
countries, and implement them in ours.
Recently, the positive aspects of distance learning have been proven. In this regard, the US
National University of Technology NTU and the Open University of Great Britain are fighting
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for the lead. In fact, at present, the number of distance learning and training institutions is
sufficient to classify them. Analysis shows that they are divided into state and non-state
groups, operating their educational services in the educational markets of countries, and vice
versa. However, such training often includes training in the humanitarian field. The corporate
system of the distance learning system is a separate class, designed for retraining and
advanced training of employees of organizations and production facilities.[3]
Distance learning is a method of distance learning and teaching based on information and
communication technologies - e-mail, the Internet, video conferencing, audio, video data and
multimedia teaching aids. For example, it is possible to transfer information on a new topic or
subject to voluntary educational institutions in cities remotely. If there are no specialists in
this field in the localities, distance learning is the only way.
Distance learning requires constant activity from the student - interactive learning. This is an
increase in the qualitative characteristics of the specialist's knowledge and skills.
The technological elements of distance learning have been observed for hundreds of years. An
example of this from the Russian experience is the Moscow People's University named after
General A.M. Shanyavsky, Morekhodnaya schools in the city of Nakhodka. Here, V. P. Chernov
introduced distance learning in 1987.[4]
The main part.
It is known that the amount of scientific research information in the world is
constantly growing, and the process of analyzing it is becoming increasingly complex. Decree
of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-4947 dated February 7, 2017 “On the
Strategy of Actions for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan”, No. PQ-2909
dated April 20, 2017 “On Measures for the Further Development of the Higher Education
System”, No. PQ-5099 dated June 30, 2017 “On Measures to Radically Improve the Conditions
for the Development of the Information Technology Sector in the Republic”, No. PQ-3151
dated July 27, 2017 “On Measures to Further Expand the Participation of Sectors and
Industries of the Economy in Improving the Quality of Training of Specialists with Higher
Education”, No. PQ-3151 dated February 19, 2018 “On Measures to Further Improve the
Sphere of Information Technology and Communications” This dissertation research serves to
a certain extent in the implementation of the tasks set out in Decree No. PF-5349 and other
regulatory legal documents related to this activity.[1].
The modern specialist, regardless of the field in which he works, is required to be aware of the
events and developments relevant to his field and to constantly improve his level of
knowledge. The introduction of modern information technology tools into the educational
process, in addition to traditional teaching methods, has become a factor in the creation of a
new form of education - distance learning. In distance education, the student and the teacher,
being spatially separated from each other, are in constant communication with each other
using specially created training courses, forms of control, electronic communication and other
Internet technologies. Distance education based on the use of Internet technology provides
access to the global information and educational network, performs an important set of new
functions with the principle of integration and interaction. Distance learning provides an
opportunity for all those who wish to receive education to continuously improve their skills.
In the process of such training, the student independently masters educational and
methodological materials in an interactive mode, passes tests, performs control work under
the direct supervision of the teacher, and communicates with other students of the “virtual
learning group” in the group. [7]
Distance learning is a convenient form of training for those who, for certain reasons, do not
have the opportunity to study in full-time departments of educational institutions, for
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example, for health reasons, who intend to change their specialty, or who are older and intend
to improve their skills.
Distance learning uses various information technologies, that is, each technology depends on
the purpose and essence of the problem. For example, while traditional print-based teaching
aids (textbooks, textbooks) are designed to introduce students to new material, interactive
audio and video conferencing are designed to allow for timed interaction, such as email, and
direct and feedback communication, i.e., sending and receiving messages.[6]
While pre-recorded video lectures allow students to listen and watch lectures, the rapid
exchange of facsimile communication, messages, and assignments over the network allows
students to learn through mutual feedback. Based on the above, it is possible to provide
descriptions and definitions of some terms that are currently being repeatedly mentioned in
the educational process.
Distance learning
is a form of education based on information technology, similar to
correspondence and full-time education, that combines the best of traditional with innovative
methods, teaching tools, and forms.
Distance learning
is an educational system based on new information technologies,
telecommunication technologies and technical means. It is a system that provides the learner
with learning conditions and communication with the teacher based on certain standards and
educational laws and regulations, and requires the learner to be more independent. In this
case, the learning process does not depend on the time and place of the learner.
Distance education
is an educational complex based on means of exchanging educational
information remotely, in which the teacher provides educational services to all segments of
the population and foreign students using a special information environment.
Distance learning
system is an educational system organized on the basis of distance
learning conditions. Like all educational systems, the distance learning system has its own
structural purpose, content, methods, tools and organizational forms. Why is distance
learning necessary? - It is natural to ask. The following can be listed as answers to this
question:
– New opportunities in education (affordability of education, independence from time and
place, etc.).
– Limited number of students admitted to educational institutions.
– Increase in the number of people wishing to receive education.
– Emergence and development of high-quality information technologies.
– Increased international integration.
The above conditions and opportunities indicate the need for distance learning.[2]
Uzbekistan, like other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, is making great
efforts to bring its education sector to world standards. The large area of our country and the
presence of geographically remote regions from the center are the main reasons for the
development of e-learning, which leads to the fact that it is given great importance. In the
current period of financial shortage, it is necessary to use this type of education on a large
scale. It is natural that some problems arise with the introduction of this type of education.
These are mainly the lack of funds, technical equipment, and qualified engineers and
pedagogical personnel in this field, but we need to solve these problems as much as possible,
because it is clear that the organization of distance learning in Uzbekistan will be very
effective.
Analysis.
Currently, many presidential decrees and resolutions of the Oliy Majlis have been
issued on the computerization of education and production and the development of
information technologies in these areas. As a result, many exemplary works have been done in
our Republic over the past five years. For example, in 2002, the Tashkent University of
Information Technologies was established, and since that year this university has been
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training specialists in the fields of computers and communications, radiotelephone and
information networks, software and electronic technology. This and other higher educational
institutions are creating many new programs and e-books related to the field of education.
At the same time, it is worth mentioning the programs “Internet Access and Training
Program”
(http://www.iatp.uz)
and
“Internet
in
Schools
of
Uzbekistan”
(http://www.connect.uz), which have been operating in our country since 2000 and were
organized by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) of the US Department of
State and the International Council for Research and Exchange of Scholars (IREX). The main
task of these programs is to develop the Internet and its services in our Republic and widely
introduce them among the population. The results of these programs can be called the “Free
Internet Access” centers that currently provide free services to the population in 16 cities of
our Republic, as well as Internet centers established in 60 schools in 6 regions of our Republic.
Since 2010, video conferences have been held between the Tashkent University of
Information Technologies and its branches. The trainings are conducted by leading specialists
in this field. Currently, masters students from the Fergana branch are improving their
knowledge of My SQL and Java Script languages remotely online.[3] The communication
between the teacher and the student in the traditional educational process conducted in the
auditoriums is due to the creation of computer-based videoconferencing. Modern
achievements in the field of transmitting audio and video digital signals allow the widespread
use of computer-based videoconferencing communication systems.
The quality of computer-based videoconferencing communication largely depends on the type
of communication between users, that is, the type of data exchange, both in a local computer
network and in the Internet.
This speed, in turn, depends on the channel bandwidth and the number of users on this
channel. Unfortunately, at present, the required quality level is provided within a specific local
network. In the INTERNET network, this is unsatisfactory. The quality level is called ISDN.
The main tasks of modern computer videoconferencing communication systems are:
Exchange of audio data;
Exchange of video data;
Creating a virtual whiteboard;
Organizing a discussion by entering text data via the keyboard;
Sending files;
Shared use of applications;
Use of multi-party conferences;
Teaching and methodological materials for distance learning.
A distance learning student must have textbooks and study aids in printed or electronic form
(textbooks, exercise books), laboratory manuals, etc. It is also necessary to have teaching and
methodological materials, including methodological guides for organizing work on the
exercises.
The most complete version of the course in distance learning consists of the following:
Control materials;
Examples of completing tasks to correct theoretical knowledge and material with an analysis
of the most common errors;
Virtual laboratory work;
Reference books and glossaries. Glossaries - (historical development of science by year);
Knowledge development and testing systems.
Each organizer of the course implements it differently, depending on the field of study and the
educational direction in which this course is studied. For example: a set of practical exercises
for technical education may be in the form of interactive games for economic education. [4]
In conclusion, it can be said that the history and development of distance education, distance
learning today is necessary not only for educational institutions, but also in the process of
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globalization, it plays an important role in training specialists for large enterprises and
institutions, retraining them, maintaining their high level of knowledge and skills. The place of
distance education in higher educational institutions is presented. Using distance education, it
is possible to increase the general level of knowledge of the population and the quality of this
knowledge. It is possible to satisfy the voluntary requirements of all segments of the
population in obtaining knowledge. It is possible to disseminate knowledge to a wide
population in a timely manner. It is possible to create a single educational environment and
emdiv all knowledge in it. In distance education, constant communication is maintained,
even if the student and teacher are separated by distance.
References:
1. Presidential Decree PF-4947 (2017) – "Strategy for the Development of Uzbekistan."
2. Akhmedov, B. A., & Khasanova, S. K. (2020). *Methods of Distance Education in Employee
Development.*
3. Akhmedov, B. A. (2020). *Development of Interactive Online Courses in Modern Society.*
4. Yusupov, M., Akhmedov, B. A., & Karpova, O. V. (2020). *Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear
Vibrations.*
5. Samieva, Sh. X., & Usmonova, G. X. (2022). *Innovative Development of Project Skills in
Students.*
6. Samieva, Sh. X. *Creative Approaches in Project-Based Learning.*
ranch.uz/media/files/2024/07/30/Oliy_va_professional _talimda_mutaxxasisliki.pdf.
8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348916562_MASOFAVIY _TA'LIM_TIZIMI
