Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika –
Зарубежная лингвистика и
лингводидактика – Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
"Paremiological units and aphorisms: an analysis in terms
of meaning and expression"
Nozima SIDDIKOVA
1
Tashkent State Transport University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received December 2024
Received in revised form
10 January 2025
Accepted 25 January 2025
Available online
25 February 2025
In this article, relationships between proverbs and
aphorisms in Uzbek and English languages, its specific features
as a paremiological unit (parema) are focused. Similarities and
differences with aphorisms are considered. In proverbs
popularity, imagery, didacticism, conciseness, semantic-
structural completeness, emotionality are illustrated with
examples in two languages. Some stylistic tools used in
proverbs are also mentioned in the article.
2181-3701/© 2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss2
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
relationship,
paremiological unity,
nationalism,
didactic,
completeness,
imagery,
aphorisms,
synecdoche,
metaphor,
alliteration,
antithesis,
revitalization,
to compare.
Paremiologik birliklar va aforizmlarning mazmun va ifoda
nuqtai nazaridan tahlili
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
obrazlilik,
aforizmlar,
sinekdoxa,
majoz,
ohangdoshlik,
qarama-qarshilik,
jonlantirish,
millatchilik,
ta’lim-tarbiya,
o‘zaro bog‘liqlik,
paramiyologik yaxlitlik,
o‘xshatish.
Ushbu maqolaning asosiy mavzusi o‘zbek va ingliz tillaridagi
maqol va aforizmlarning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi, shuningdek,
ularning paremiologik birlik (parema) sifatidagi o‘ziga xos
xususiyatlaridir. Unda aforizmlarning o‘xshash va farqli
tomonlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Bu iboralarning mashhurligini ikkala
tilda ham obrazlilik, ta’limiylik, ixchamlik, semantik-
strukturaviy tugallik va hissiyotni ifodalovchi misollar
tasdiqlaydi. Maqolada shuningdek, maqollarda uchraydigan
ayrim uslubiy vositalar haqida ham fikr yuritiladi.
1
PhD Student, Tashkent State Transport University. E-mail: siddiqovanozima@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 2 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
251
Паремиологические единицы и афоризмы: анализ с
точки зрения семантики и выразительности
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
образность,
афоризмы,
синекдоха,
метафора,
аллитерация,
антитеза,
оживление,
национализм,
дидактика,
взаимосвязь,
парамилогическое
единство,
сравнение.
Связь пословиц и афоризмов в узбекском и английском
языках, а также их уникальные характеристики как
паремиологической единицы (паремы), являются основной
темой данной статьи. В ней учитываются как сходства, так
и различия афоризмов. Пресловутая популярность этих
выражений подкрепляется примерами на обоих языках,
демонстрирующими
образность,
дидактичность,
лаконичность, семантико-структурную завершённость и
эмоциональность. В эссе также обсуждаются некоторые
стилистические приёмы, встречающиеся в пословицах.
INTRODUCTION
Proverbs are the wisdom of the people, the spirit of the nation and its culture.
It is a pearl of folk art. Proverbs, folk art in general learning, research is becoming
very important today. This "pearl" is of interest not only to linguists, but also to
representatives of various other fields we will not make a mistake if we say that:
ethnographers, cultural scientists, folklorists, literary critics, psychologists, philosophers,
etc. The listed areas, of course, they study different aspects of proverbs. We analyze
Uzbek and English proverbs below and their role and specific characteristics of proverbs
in paremiology. Proverbs are studied within the field of paremiology, and the
paremiological unit is is the best. Paremiology – (Greek "paroimia" – parable, symbolic
story; "logos" – word, science) in the oral form from generation to generation in a certain
language moving, compact, simple, short and meaningful logical summary after studying
the fixed phrase, proverb and proverb that appeared as science"
Aphorisms are succinct, frequently humorous remarks that convey a universal
truth or insight about life, human nature, or the wider universe. Typically, they are brief,
memorable, and packed with insight. Aphorisms are frequently employed to convey
direction, present an alternative viewpoint, or elicit a fleeting and memorable idea.
For ages, they have been a common way to express oneself in philosophy, literature, and
casual conversation.
LITRATURE REVIEW
Classifying and describing aphorisms in Uzbek and English is equally crucial.
The Greek word "aphorismos" (meaning "a brief statement containing a general truth") is
where the word "aphorism" originates. Both in writing and in our daily conversation,
aphoristic expressions are referenced. They are commonly accepted because they include
truth. Unlike proverbs, the origin of aphorisms belongs to a specific person (writer, poet,
publicist, philosopher, scientist, statesman, etc.) and retains its originality. It is very
interesting to understand that in English and Uzbek there are many aphorisms
expressing the achievements and losses in human life. Consequently, they have become a
linguistic phenomenon that linguistic researchers cannot ignore. Numerous scholars
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 2 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
252
have studied aphorisms in both Uzbek and English. Numerous academics have made
significant contributions to the study of English aphorisms, including Taylor, Ridout and
Whiting, Norrick, Collis, Halperin, and others. However, their publications concentrate on
one or more aphorisms due to differing methods and objectives. These linguists generally
provide us with broad knowledge regarding the theoretical underpinnings of language
acquisition in usage. From the perspective of Uzbek aphorismology, a number of
comprehensive works on aphorisms have advanced our understanding of this field.
In this context, the authors' collection and compilation of grammatical structures and
content serve as the basis for distinguishing between phrases and aphorisms.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
We have compiled a list of common aphorisms in English and their Uzbek
counterparts, and these materials have been of great help to me in this research.
In addition, to date, there have been many master's theses on aphorisms in English by
many Uzbeks. If we examine the above studies, we can see that there has been almost no
research on the linguistic characteristics of aphorisms regarding the advantages and
disadvantages of the Uzbek language in relation to the English language. Here we will
first deal with research methods, sampling, data collection, data analysis, and
instruments. The research procedure is also presented at the same time. The validity and
reliability are stated and justified in this study. In general, the studied aphorisms in
English and Uzbek are composed of simple, compound, complex, and comparative
sentences. As for complex sentences, English and Uzbek aphorisms are in second place in
terms of percentage. In terms of comparative sentences, it was found that English and
Uzbek aphorisms have the lowest percentage. As for comparative sentences in English
and Uzbek, differential comparison is used more often than equivalent comparison.
Proverbs are people's experience, their breath, cry, joy and happiness, sadness and the
bearer is the truth of the people, a beacon that guides them to the right path. "The people
are centuries old to the future generations with the help of various means bequeaths.
Exactly, nationalism is the internal structure of the proverb, i.e. proves that its meaning
cannot disappear. This aspect of proverbs differs from aphorisms. "Aphorisms – (Greek
"aphorismos" – a word of wisdom) compact form, deep content, author's clear sentence;
wise words" [1,83]. It should also be mentioned that aphorisms, like proverbs, are
arguments about something does not drive, but affects the human mind. Aphorisms, as
can be seen from the definition, it is distinguished from proverbs by the fact that it was
created by a specific author.
The meaning that comes from the proverb always constitutes it may not come
from the meaning of the words, but from its imagery depends. Therefore, it is easy to say
that they have real and figurative meaning.
For example:
Asli qora oqarmas, oqarsada bo’zarmas (that is, "how many bad will
not turn into good no matter how hard we try").
In English, Every dog has its day. (we will be luck in some day).
They are different from wise words in two aspects of proverb meaning is that it
has to put it more precisely, if words of wisdom only come in their own meaning,
proverbs can be used both literally and figuratively. Proof of opinion the following
proverbs can be cited as:
In Uzbek:
Tog‘ bo‘risiz bo‘lmas, to‘qay arslonsiz.
In English:
Don't cross the bridge until you come to it.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 2 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
253
In Russian:
Волков бояться – в лес не ходить.
The following proverbs have only figurative meaning.
A proverb is a work of art, and imagery is manifested in it. Imagery P.U. Bakirov in
his book that the following play an important role in creating emphasizes:
1) metaphor:
Однажды весной зима закончится; Удача приходит сама собой.;
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride; Fools rush in where angels fear
to tread;
2) synecdoche:
Моя голова без друзей, мой суп без соли.;
Qars ikki qo‘ldan chiqar;
Don't bite the hand that feeds you;
Two heads are better than one;
3) revitalization
: Лошадь заменяет жеребенка; Птица делает то, что видит
в своем гнезде.;
It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest;
CONCLUSION
Although proverbs are a part of folklore, they are another form of folk art it differs
from the samples by its own characteristics. Summing up from the above it can be said
that proverbs are the same as proverbs in all languages has characteristics and "proverb
is structurally and semantically complete, short and concise, didactic, ancient and folk-
like figurative sentence, sentence.
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и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 2 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
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