Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika –
Зарубежная лингвистика и
лингводидактика – Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Lexical means of expressing sociolinguistic features in
official-political written texts of condolence (using
examples of condolence texts in English)
Farogat BEGIBAEVA
1
Journalism and Mass Communications University of Uzbekistan
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received January 2025
Received in revised form
10
February 2025
Accepted 25 February 2025
Available online
25 March 2025
Condolences are common in all languages. In the content of
expressions of sympathy in different systemic languages, the
addressee's goals are to describe the addressee's pain in kind
words, to console him/her, to cheer him/her up and at the same
time to express that he/she shares the grief of the deceased
person. As an example, the study examines texts of condolences
in English and analyzes their linguistic characteristics. The
focus is on the lexical techniques used in the texts, their formal
characteristics and how they can be given different meanings
depending on the political and social context. The different
lexical items and forms of expression in these texts are also
analyzed, as well as how they convey empathy, i.e. feelings of
reverence, respect, sadness and compassion, to the addressee.
The study reveals the important role of sociolinguistic norms
and lexical items by examining condolence texts in formal
political contexts in English.
2181-3701/© 2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss3
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
official political written
texts,
lexical items,
political context,
official vocabulary,
condolence expressions,
analysis.
Rasmiy-siyosiy yozma hamdardlik bildirish matnlarida
sotsiolingvistik xususiyatlarni ifodalovchi leksik vositalar
(ingliz tilidagi hamdardlik bildirish matnlari misolida)
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
Rasmiy-siyosiy yozma
matnlar,
leksik vositalar,
siyosiy kontekst,
Motam marosimlarida hamdardlik bildirish barcha tillarga
xosdir. Turli tizimli tillarda hamdardlik bildirish mazmunida
adresantning adresatni yaxshi gaplar bilan dardini yozish,
dardiga tasalli berish, taskin berish, ko‘nglini ko‘tarish, shu
1
Teacher, Journalism and Mass Communications University of Uzbekistan. E-mail: farogatkhon.begibaeva@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
35
formal leksika,
hamdardlik ifodalari,
tahlil.
bilan birga, o‘lgan kishining qayg‘usiga sherik ekanligini
bildirish maqsadlari yotadi. Tadqiqotda ingliz tilidagi
hamdardlik bildirish matnlari misol sifatida keltirilib, ularning
tilshunoslik jihatidan o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi.
Matnlarda ishlatilgan leksik vositalar, ularning formal
xususiyatlari va siyosiy, ijtimoiy kontekstga qarab qanday qilib
boshqacha ma’no yuklanishi mumkinligi masalasiga asosiy
e’tibor qaratilgan. Shuningdek, ushbu matnlarda o‘zgaruvchi
leksik elementlar va ifodalash shakllari, ular orqali adresantga
qanday hamdardlik, ya’ni ta’zim, hurmat, qayg‘u va rahm-
shafqat hissi yetkazilishi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot ingliz tilidagi
rasmiy-siyosiy kontekstdagi hamdardlik bildirish matnlarini
o‘rganish orqali sotsiolingvistik me’yorlarning va leksik
vositalarning muhim ahamiyatini ochib beradi.
Лексические средства выражения социолингвистических
признаков в официально-политических письменных
текстах
соболезнования
(на
примерах
текстов
соболезнования на английском языке)
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
официально-
политические письменные
тексты,
лексические средства,
политический контекст,
официальная лексика,
выражения
соболезнования,
анализ.
Соболезнования распространены на всех языках.
В содержании выражения сочувствия на разных системных
языках цели адресата – добрыми словами описать боль
адресата, утешить его, подбодрить и в то же время
выразить, что он разделяет горе умершего человека. В
качестве примера в исследовании рассматриваются тексты
соболезнований на английском языке и анализируются их
лингвистические характеристики. Основное внимание
уделяется лексическим приемам, используемым в текстах,
их формальным характеристикам и тому, как им можно
придавать различные значения в зависимости от
политического и социального контекста. Анализируются
также различные лексические элементы и формы
выражения в этих текстах, а также то, как они передают
адресату эмпатию, то есть чувства почтения, уважения,
печали и сострадания. Исследование выявляет важную
роль социолингвистических норм и лексических средств
путем изучения текстов соболезнований в официально-
политических контекстах на английском языке.
KIRISH
Zamonaviy tilshunoslikda “hamdardlik bildirish” nutqiy janrining sotsiolingvistik
xususiyatlari borasidagi bir qator ilmiy tadqiqotlarning xilma-xilligi va ko‘p sonliligi
“hamdardlik bildirish” nutqiy janridagi lisoniy shaxslarning individual va jamoaviy
xarakterlarining murakkab sotsiolingvistik tizimga egaligi bilan izohlanadi.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
36
ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI
Rasmiy-siyosiy yozma hamdardlik bildirish matnlari yuzasidagi ilmiy materiallar
shuni ko‘rsatadiki, rasmiy yozma hamdardlik bildirish rasmiy-siyosiy xat turlaridan biri
bo‘lib, o‘ziga xos makromatn va gipermatn shaklida namoyon bo‘luvchi nutqiy
butunlikdir.
TADQIQOT METODLARI VA METODOLOGIYASI
Turli tizimli tillarda “hamdardlik bildirish” nutqiy janrining mohiyatini yoritishda
tilshunoslikning qiyoslash, tavsiflash, kontrastiv va component tahlil usullaridan
foydalanildi.
TAHLIL VA NATIJALAR
Rasmiy yozma “hamdardlik bildirish” nutqiy janrining asosiy kommunikativ
maqsadi adresatni ma’naviy qo‘llab-quvvatlashdir. Shu bilan birga, rasmiy-siyosiy yozma
“hamdardlik bildirish” nutqiy janri adresatga rasmiy hurmat ko‘rsatish, ma’naviy qo‘llab-
quvvatlash, shuningdek, qadrlash, xalqaro munosabatlarda o‘zaro yaqinlikni, birdamlikni,
mamlakat qadriyatlariga ijobiy munosabatda ekanligini ifodalash kabi bir qator siyosiy
pragmatik maqsadlarni ham ifodalaydi.
Bir so‘z bilan aytganda, hamdardlik bildirish nutqiy janri xalqning o‘ziga xos
ijtimoiy muhiti, ya’ni ijtimoiy jamiyatning qadriyatlari, urf-odatlari, an’analari, qonunlari
va odob-axloq xususiyatlarini o‘zida to‘la namoyon qiladi, shuningdek, muayyan ijtimoiy
jamiyatning marhumga bo‘lgan hurmati va dafn etish marosimi bilan bog‘liq
qadriyatlarga bo‘lgan munosabatini ham ko‘rsatadi.
Hamdardlik bildirish matni adresant, adresat, marhum va marhum yaqinlarining
ijtimoiy mavqeyi, kasbi, jinsi, kelib chiqishi, lavozimi, e’tiqodi, ijtimoiy holati, ruhiy, milliy,
hududiy kabi ijtimoiy xususiyatlarga egaligi bilan ajralib turadi. “Hamdardlik bildirish” nutqiy
janri matnida adresant, adresat, marhum va uning yaqinlari, ayniqsa, marhum mamlakatning
eng yuqori maqomdagi kishisi bo‘lganda marhumga tegishli xalqning ham ijtimoiy
mansubliligini ko‘rsatuvchi leksik-grammatik va sintaktik vositalar faol ishtirok etadi.
Masalan, Qirolicha Yelizavetaning vafoti bilan bog‘liq ingliz tilidagi matnlarda
adresatga murojaat shakllarida
so‘z va so‘z birikmalarining
Right Honourable
(Armaniston), Excellency (Bahrayn, Koreya), Dear Rt Hon Speaker, (Saymon oroli), Dear Mr
Speaker (Kipr), Dear Lord Speaker (Chexiya), Dear Mr Speaker (Fransiya), Dear Lord
Speaker (Yaponiya), Dear Sir Lindsay (Yangi Zelandiya)
kabi murojaat turlari uchraydi.
Buyuk Britaniya unitar davlat va davlat parlament monarxiya asosida boshqariladi. Shu
sababli ham rasmiy-siyosiy matnlarning murojaat shakllarida rasmiy-siyosiy mavqeyini
ko‘rsatuvchi leksik ko‘rsatkichli so‘zlar, ya’ni
Right Honourable, Excellency, Mr, Sir
kabi
Qirollik bilan bog‘liq rasmiy titullarni bildiruvchi leksik so‘zlar qo‘llaniladi. Buyuk
Britaniyada
Right Honourable (
tarjimasi
– janobi oliylari)
,
Excellency (
tarjimasi
-hurmatli)
rasmiy tituli xorijiy elchi va yuqori rasmiy maqomdagi shaxslarning rasmiy titulidir.
Sir
murojaat leksikasi mazmunida ham xushmuomalalik, hurmat mazmuni, shu bilan
birga, shaxsning qirollikka tegishli yuqori maqomdagi shaxs ekanligini anglatuvchi
mazmun mavjud. Ingliz tilidagi
Mr, Sir
murojaatlari rasmiy jihatdan erkak jinsini
ko‘rsatuvchi leksik birliklardir.
Xorijiy davlatlarning Qirolicha Yelizavetaning vafoti munosabati bilan jo‘natilgan
hamdardlik bildirish maktublari matnlari murojaat, hamdardlik bildirish, maqtov, tilak
mazmunli mikromatnlardan tashkil topgan. Masalan, Armaniston elchisining maktubi
matni:
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
37
On behalf of the National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia and on my own behalf
I would like to extend our sincerest condolences to you, our colleagues of the House of
Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as well as the friendly British people on
the passing of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II –
Armaniston Respublikasi Milliy
Assambleyasi nomidan va shaxsan o‘z nomimdan Sizga, Buyuk Britaniya parlamentining
Jamoatlar palatasidagi hamkasblarimizga, shuningdek, do‘stona Britaniya xalqiga
Qirolicha Yelizaveta II ning vafoti munosabati bilan chuqur hamdardlik bildiraman.
Throughout 70-years reign Her Majesty has been a loyal servant to the throne and
became a symbol of the United Kingdom, who served her country with unwavering devotion,
dignity and wisdom. The Queen Elizabeth II was and will remain the supreme incarnation of
empowerment and will not only for the United Kingdom, but for the whole world, including
Armenia – Qirolicha Yelizaveta II hokimiyatning oliy timsoli bo‘lgan va shunday bo‘lib
qoladi va nafaqat Buyuk Britaniya uchun, balki butun dunyo, jumladan, Armaniston uchun
ham shunday bo‘ladi.
Excellency, may I once again offer my profound sympathy to you, the people of the
United Kingdom, as well as strength and fortitude to the Royal Family. Please accept,
Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration – Janobi Oliylari, Sizga, Buyuk
Britaniya xalqiga, shuningdek, qirollik oilasiga kuch va mustahkam sabr tilagan holda yana
bir bor chuqur hamdardlik bildirishga ijozat bergaysiz. Janobi Oliylari, hurmat-ehtiromimni
qabul qiling.
Ko‘rinadiki, ushbu matn
murojaat + hamdardlik bildirish + maqtov + tilak +
hamdardlik bildirish
kabi mazmuniy zanjirlardan iborat. Bahrayn mamlakati
hamdardlik bildirish maktubida esa ushbu qismlarga qo‘shimcha tarzda
May she rest in
peace
duo tilak nutqiy akti qo‘llanilgan. Bu esa Baxrayn sotsiumida rasmiy yozma
matnlarda duo nutqiy janrining qo‘llanilishi mumkinligini anglatadi. Ingliz tilida turli
sotsiumlar tomonidan shakllantirilgan matnlarda hamdardlik bildirishning quyidagi
kirish va yakuniy qismlarga xoslangan sintaktik qoliplari uchraydi:
1)
Kirish: I would like to extend our sincerest condolences to you ........, yakuniy qism:
may I once again offer my profound sympathy to you (Armaniston)
2)
Kirish: It is with profound sorrow that we have received the news of the passing
away of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, yakuniy qism: Please allow me, Mr. Speaker, to
convey my deep condolences and those of all Members of the House of Representatives to
yourself and all Members of the House of Commons as well as to all the people of the United
Kingdom (Kipr)
3)
Kirish:
I am deeply saddened by the death of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Let
me express the deepest condolences and sincere sympathy with the grief over her passing to
you and to all the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in
my own name and on behalf of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech
Republic.
Yakuniy qism:
Dear Mr. Speaker, would you please, convey my deepest
condolences to the Royal Family.
(Chexiya)
XULOSA
Aytish mumkinki, rasmiy yozma hamdardlik bildirish matnida turli ijtimoiy
jamiyatlarda hamdardlik bildirishning turli sintaktik tuzilmalari mavjud. Bu
tuzilmalarning tanlanishi til egasi sotsiumida qabul qilingan ijtimoiy me’yorlarga bog‘liq.
Masalan, duo tilakning qo‘llanilishi kabi.
Yuqoridagilardan xulosa qilib aytganda, til tizimida hamdardlik bildirishning
sotsioleksik va sotsiogrammatik ko‘rsatkichlari mavjud.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
38
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