Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika –
Зарубежная лингвистика и
лингводидактика – Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
The significance of parents and the family in the formation
of a child's "I" in preschool age
Shakhrizoda YULDASHEVA
1
, Madina TOSHTEMIROVA
2
Silk Road Innovation University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received January 2025
Received in revised form
10
February 2025
Accepted 25 February 2025
Available online
25 March 2025
This article explores the development of a child's
psychological character beginning from the embryonic stage,
focusing particularly on the crisis that emerges during the
preschool years. It also examines the role of parents and the
family environment in shaping the child’s personality and the
formation of their sense of self ("I").
2181-3701/© 2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss3
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
ontogenesis,
psychological development,
self,
inability,
worthlessness.
Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolaning “Men” tushunchasi
shakllanishida ota-ona va oilaning muhim o‘rni
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
ontogenez,
psixologik rivojlanish,
“men”,
qobiliyatsizlik,
qadrsizlik.
Ushbu maqolada bolada embrionlik davridan psixologik
xarakter shakllana borishi va maktabgacha yosh davrida
kechadigan inqiroz,bolalarning shaxs sifatida shakllanishida
hamda “men”i shakllanishida ota-ona va oilaning ahamiyati
haqida so‘z boradi.
Значение родителей и семьи в формировании
«Я» ребенка в дошкольном возрасте
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
онтогенез,
психологическое
развитие,
«я» неспособность,
никчемность.
В
данной
статье
рассматривается
развитие
психологического характера у детей с эмбрионального
периода и кризис дошкольного возраста, а также
роль родителей и семьи в формировании личности детей и
формировании их «я».
1
Student, Silk Road Innovation University, Almalyk, Uzbekistan.
2
Teacher, Silk Road Innovation University, Almalyk, Uzbekistan.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
282
INTRODUCTION
In ontogenesis, the role of each age period is invaluable in the formation of a
person as an individual and their development as a mature individual. However, "the
period from the embryonic period to preschool age" plays an important role in the
formation of a child as a person, finding their place in society, and forming their "I."
During the nine months of intrauterine development, the foundation for both
physiological and psychological development is laid. During pregnancy, the mental world
of the embryo develops in the same form as the mental and spiritual world of the mother.
For example, if the mother survived pregnancy with some fears, the child develops
psychological states related to fear, and their traces may remain for a long time.
In many cases, women become pregnant without expecting or wanting it. The baby
in the womb of a woman who is forced to carry a child feels the same for nine months,
that is, feels unwanted. This has a very serious impact on the psyche of the future child
and takes on a negative psychological character, in other words, constantly feels
depressed, and this child may grow up feeling uncomfortable among people and with low
self-confidence. This condition can accompany him like a shadow for most of his life.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The next period is considered "the period of infancy and early childhood." This
period covers the period from birth to 3 years. Young children develop very quickly both
physically and mentally. The development of the child's psyche is connected, firstly, with
the improvement of the analyzers, and secondly, with the growth of independent
movements. As a result of the rapid improvement of the analyzers, the first conditioned
reflexes begin to form by the third month of life. Consequently, from this period, the
child's psyche begins to develop rapidly. Since all mental processes develop to a certain
extent in young children, this creates a basis for the development of their consciousness
as a whole. When a child begins to speak and their perception and thinking develop
significantly, they begin to consciously approach various objects around them.
He wants to touch everything, search, play, put it in his mouth, and try to learn, to
learn. Such a situation remains unknown because the child cannot go beyond the borders
or cross the border. On the contrary, interest is the name of an action given to a child on
the path to understanding life. The more a child is interested in, explores, and encounters
anxiety situations, the more they learn, develop, and grow. Alienation from life is
decreasing.
DISCUSSION
The next period is the "Preschool Period," which covers the age from 3 to 7 years.
From the age of 3, the child leaves the mother's embrace (goes to kindergarten, starts
playing with friends on the street), begins to enter the process of socialization, and in the
child, as in any age period, various crises begin. Achieving physical independence
(walking, running) creates in a child a desire to freely, without adult supervision,
independently perform any tasks, to live as a person in a social environment. By the age
of 3, children begin to compare themselves with adults and even strive to do what adults
do, actions they can perform. Often, these actions manifest as stubbornness and
decisiveness.
During this period, the parents' attitude towards their child is paramount. This is
because during this period, children are not yet capable of perceiving and evaluating
their characteristics, nor can they draw certain conclusions about themselves. During this
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
283
period, children's "I" is just beginning to emerge, and they evaluate themselves based on
the assessment given by their parents. Parents' opinions and attitudes during this period
acquire such a powerful motivating force that they serve as stimulants for behavior.
In each period, there is a person's self-esteem, which depends on the influence of
various factors and people. It is precisely during this period that a child's high self-
esteem in the future, their becoming a successful "Great Person," depends on the
assessment given to them by their parents. Even if we look at the lives of great people in
history, we can see how important it is in a child's life. As an example, we can cite a short
story from the life of Thomas Edison.
"Before moving to the new house, Thomas inspected every inch of his orphanage.
He asked the servants to carefully load the expensive furniture into the car. From the
upper wardrobe, where his baby clothes were kept, came out his mother's favorite
suitcase with a red cover. Thomas carefully placed it on the table and opened it. He pulled
out a yellowish sheet of paper from among his mother's belongings. Under the letter was
his signature. This signature reminded Thomas of his mother. At that time, Thomas was
in first grade. He brought her the letter that this teacher had given him and told him to
give it to his mother. Tears welled up in the mother's sorrowful eyes as she glanced at the
letter, then embraced her child. "What did my teacher write?" the son asked his mother.
"He said you were very talented, that this school wasn't suitable for you, and asked me to
transfer you to some prestigious school," the mother replied, trying to smile.
Thomas was astonished when he read a decent letter. "Your son is mentally ill.
Please, place him in a specialized school. "Dear teacher,"
One of the incomparable geniuses of the 19th and 20th centuries, Thomas Edison,
had wet eyelashes. Once again convinced of his mother's wisdom, he prayed for her and
was grateful to her for her beautiful destiny.
It should also be added that parents' criticism, comparison, and shouting at their
children when they make mistakes can lead to a decrease in self-esteem in the future.
A mother who cries, pointing at her child with her index finger, does not raise the child,
but rather sows the first seeds of guilt that take root in her heart. The feeling of guilt is
one of the most tender feelings of childhood.
This is worthlessness and incapacity. These feelings have such deep roots that they
constantly, not only in childhood, but also in adulthood, surround a person like a pinch
and influence them.
Underestimation is the attitude towards a person in their first years of life as
"a person who has done something wrong" by their mother, who reads their self-
consciousness in their eyes. No matter how much the mother screams, scolds, and beats, the
same feeling of "I'm worthless" arises in the child. A child with such a feeling, even when
grown up, will strive to use everyone to earn the respect of others, and by doing good to
them, they will have the intention and goal: "I will make myself loved and valued."
Another shortcoming from childhood is the feeling of incapacity. When we blame
our children for their mistakes and point out their shortcomings with insults like "when
will you get used to doing what they tell you to do in time," "what kind of child are you,"
or worst of all, "you will never rest," we are pouring water on the tree of incapacity that is
beginning to manifest itself every moment. As a result, the thought "I can't do anything"
enters the child's consciousness. Thus, we cultivate an extremely passive and inactive
person. Such people spend their entire lives calmly waiting for someone else to manage
them. Therefore, every parent should allow their child to make mistakes.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
284
A truly successful person is not someone who has never made mistakes,
but someone who learns from them, draws the right conclusions, and continues striving
toward their goals. Every parent must guide their child wisely, never devaluing them for
their mistakes or allowing them to fall into despair.
CONCLUSION
A child is like a blank sheet of paper. How they grow, develop as a person, and
achieve success in life is directly influenced by the family environment – the trust, love,
and upbringing they receive from their parents. That is why every parent must
remember that their child is a trust given to them by Allah, and they must care for and
nurture this trust with the utmost responsibility.
If you want your child to become a confident and successful individual in the
future, you must raise them with love, respect their opinions, support them
unconditionally, and treat them with understanding from an early age. After all, paying
close attention to every stage of a child’s upbringing is not just the responsibility of
parents – it is a shared duty of all members of society, as the future of the nation begins
with our children.
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