Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika –
Зарубежная лингвистика и
лингводидактика – Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Analysis of the structural ideas in the novel "Avaz"
Sarvinoz KURBANOVA
1
Urgench State Pedagogical Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received January 2025
Received in revised form
10
February 2025
Accepted 25 February 2025
Available online
25 March 2025
The article presents a high-quality analysis of Yassavi's
wisdom in the novel Avaz by Sa’dulla Siyoyev. It explores how
the character of the work is conveyed through the use of the
Matpano language, the proportionality of the quatrains to the
novel’s themes, their harmony with the lives depicted in the
narrative, and the historical context of the period. The article
also discusses the role and significance of Yassavi's wisdom in
the plot of the novel.
2181-3701/© 2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss3
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
sufism,
spiritual life,
wisdom,
Qalandar,
spiritual awakening,
symbol of purification,
dervish.
“Avaz” romanidagi tuzilmaviy g‘oyalarning tahlili
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
tasavvuf,
ruhiy hayot,
donishmandlik,
qalandar,
ma’naviy uyg‘onish,
poklanish timsoli,
darvesh.
Maqolada Sa’dulla Siyoyevning “Avaz” romanidagi Yassaviy
hikmatlari chuqur tahlil etilgan. Asarda Matpano tili orqali
personaj xarakterining ifodalanishi, to‘rtliklarning roman
g‘oyasiga muvofiqligi, ular tasvirlangan hayot bilan uyg‘unligi
hamda davr tarixiy muhiti kabi masalalar o‘rganilgan.
Shuningdek, maqolada Yassaviy hikmatlarining roman
syujetidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati haqida ham fikr yuritilgan.
Анализ подразумеваемых идей в романе «Аваз»
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
суфизм,
духовная жизнь,
мудрость,
Каландар,
В статье содержится качественный анализ мудрости
Яссави в романе Саъдуллы Сиёева «Аваз». Характер
произведения выражен языком матпано, обсуждается
соразмерность катренов теме романа, их совместимость с
1
Student, Urgench State Pedagogical Institute. E-mail: sarvinozsaparboyeva39@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
278
духовное пробуждение,
символ очищения,
дервиш.
жизнью, изображенной в произведении, а также остальная
часть того периода. Обсуждаются роль и значение
мудрости Яссави в сюжете романа.
INTRODUCTION
The wisdom of Ahmad Yasawi, one of the great representatives of Sufi literature,
holds significant importance in the history of Islam. His quatrains have been studied by
religious scholars throughout history. Yasawi’s life and teachings are reflected in the
novel Avaz, which serves as the basis for the article. The article explores the role of his
wisdom in shaping the novel’s content and essence.
Each literary work contains quatrains, proverbs, sayings, wise expressions, and
quotes that reflect its ideological depth. Similar elements are incorporated into the novel
Avaz. Its author, Sa’dulla Siyoyev, draws upon folk oral traditions of the Khorezm literary
environment, verses by Ogahiy, and the works of Sa'di Shirazi and Pahlavan Mahmud.
Each selected example aligns with the plot and the corresponding chapter, enriching the
narrative.
The work of Ahmad Yassavi is known to literary scholars, and the creator has
wisdom that elevates people in terms of morality and humanity. Such wisdom, aimed at
developing the scope of a person's spiritual world, has been studied by literary scholars.
Research shows that the role of the poet's wisdom in the development of Islam is
particularly prominent. The creative works of Ahmad Yassavi, the founder of the Yassavi
order, attracted the attention of the author of the novel. Examples of wisdom are given to
describe the social structure and cultural life in the Khiva Khanate. At the same time,
information is also provided about Sufism and Qalandarism of that period. The
educational wisdom presented in the chapter “In the Circle of Qalandars” is analyzed in
the article.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research uses effective methods such as comparative analysis, historicism, a
systematic approach, and the principles of objectivity.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Ahmad Yassavi's wisdom is presented in the textbooks “Devoni hikmat”, “Avaz”,
“Ahmad Yassavi”, and “History of Uzbek Literature” (from the most ancient times to the
first half of the 15th century) by Nasimkhan Rakhmonov. The writer's life, work, and
achievements are described in detail in the novel “Ahmad Yassavi” by Sa'dulla Siyoyev.
The activity of the scholar of religious studies also attracted the attention of
Alisher Navoi. The writer provided information about Yassavi in his work “Nasoyim ul-
muhabbat”. Nasimkhan Rakhmonov's textbook provides necessary information about the
life path of Khoja Ahmad Yassavi, the symbols and stories associated with him.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
In the chapter “In the Ring of the Qalandars”, the hero of the work, Matpono,
quotes the wisdom of Yassavi from the language of the Qalandar. At the request of his
teacher, Matpono, who once again wears the Qalandar costume, recites the following
verses to open the eyes of the people:
Know without a doubt that this world is a place where all people live,
Your wealth will one day be lost.
Where have your parents and relatives gone, think about it,
A four-legged iron horse will one day reach you… [3.p.232.]
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
279
The depth of meaning in wisdom attracts everyone. It is known from historical
processes that the people of the Khanate were representatives of different classes.
Officials and ordinary people, as well as dervishes, lived in the Khiva Khanate. Since the
dervishes did not have living conditions, they joined the ranks of the Qalandars and made
a living by telling similar wisdom. Matpono is described in the opening plot of the novel
as a dervish. However, any reader of the novel is given a clue as to why the young man
chose to live like this. The chapters “On the Navruz Parade” and “The White Rings”
provide a solution to the puzzle. Matpono is described as choosing the path of
renunciation because he could not reach a girl named Marhamat. As a result of the flow of
the plot, many elements are conveyed.
The scene of Avaz Otar and Matpono's acquaintance also happened precisely
because of Yassawi's wisdom. In that process, the incident in which Matpono uttered the
above-mentioned wisdom is depicted. There are also scenes in which Avaz O'tar utters
his ghazal in response to the wise call of the dervish. The article examines the artistic
significance of Ahmad Yassawi's wisdom in the novel. The content of the wisdom that
corresponds to the chapter in the novel can be analyzed as follows. There are thoughts
like “This world is transient, and it will leave you and me. How many people have lived on
the Earth so far, and none of them are alive today? So do not trust the wealth and
possessions you have in your hands. Understand where your parents and relatives, who
are more precious than they, have gone. The four-legged iron horse (coffin) that carried
your loved ones to their final destination will one day carry you to your destination too.
So do not attach your heart to the self and wealth of this world.” Avaz Otar lived in the
19th century. From this, it can be seen that the wisdom of Ahmad Yasawi has been
gaining importance in terms of its relevance for several centuries.
“Do not take away someone else’s rights, do not grieve for the world,
Do not take away someone else’s rights, you will be on the path of Sirat…” [3.p.232]
The second verse is a continuation of the verse above. Its meaning is as follows:
“Do not worship anyone other than Allah, but live only to please the Creator. The world is
fleeting, and you will never remain in this world. Therefore, do not take away anyone's
rights, do not betray their rights. One day, your deeds will be thrown from your feet on
the bridge of Sirat.” The important significance of the study is that no matter how much
time has passed since the proverbs were created, they have not lost their significance.
The fourth line of the first quatrain uses the art of simile. Simile is the art of comparison.
The analogy of a “four-legged iron horse” – a coffin – made the meaning of the wise
quatrain impressive. The verses are written in finger verse, and the rhyming words are
“o‘taro”, “ketaro”, “yetaro”, “tutaro”. The vowel “o” performed the function of the accent
sound in the rhyming words. The use of a long vowel as an accent sound increased the
impressiveness of the proverbs.
It is known from classical literary sources that Ahmad Yassavi also expressed his
views on Sufism. However, the novel “Avaz” also reveals the influence of the writer's
work on enlightenment and Jadid literature. While the main goal of the hikmats was to
call the masses to honesty and piety, one of the main elements in the work of the Jadid
and enlightened writers was to educate the people. The hikmats on 19th-century
literature influence the creation of a poem with a new idea by Matponoga. One proof of
this is that Avaz Otar taught Matponoga a poem by Abdulla Avloni, which was published
in one of the Tashkent newspapers. The poem belonging to the work of Abdulla Avloni is
as follows:
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
280
“God Almighty, God Almighty, created the mountain,
He created the moon because the mountain was dark.
He made the poor need a piece of bread,
He created the rich so that he could have a big wedding!” [2.p.234]
It is clear from this that calling people to the right path has existed in all times. But its
meaning is reflected in each era in its way. The change in cultural life in the Khiva Khanate of
the 19th century also occurred in the life of dervishes. This process, perhaps, was presented
by Sadulla Siyoyev in terms of artistic texture. But the scope of the influence of Yassavi's
wisdom on people never loses its significance. The above poem uses the art of tazod –
“contradiction”. The words “rich” and “poor” are a manifestation of this art.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
The novel contains units belonging to the work of many individuals. Each of them
corresponds to the essence of the work. The most important aspect is that the name of
each chapter is associated with the couplets and quatrains presented in it. The novel
“Avaz” contains examples from the folklore genre to Jadid literature. Each of these genres
has its value in the structure of the novel. The work revives the lifestyle of the Khiva
Khanate. Using the wisdom of Khoja Ahmad Yassavi in his novel and depicting it in a way
that is appropriate to the content requires a lot of work from the author. During the
research, it became clear that Sa'dulla Siyoyev felt the era in which Avaz O'tar lived when
to wrote his novel. He conducted tireless research in this regard. For the book to have a
natural impact on readers, he used the creative examples of that era. When we hear
scientific terms such as Qalandar, dervish, Sufism, and tariqat, Ahmad Yassavi comes to
mind. The fact that the wisdom appears in the chapter “In the Ring of Qalandars” also fits
the writer's work. Naming his work in such components and vividly emdiving them is a
sign of special admiration for Sa'dulla Siyoyev.
The importance of proverbs in the plot of the novel is particularly noteworthy. In
each of the scenes where Avaz and his companions are present, the characters are
depicted as adhering to the fourfold rule. An important aspect is that regardless of the
time and the person, the proverbs of Yassavi can affect his spiritual world. In the process
of research, the practical significance of the proverbs to this day was revealed, and the
necessary information was provided.
REFERENCES:
1.
Nasimkhon Rahmonov. History of Uzbek literature. Tashkent: “Sano-standart”, 2017.
2.
Nodirkhon Khasan. Devoni hikmat. Tashkent: “Movarounnahr”, 2004.
3.
Sa’dulla Siyoyev. “Avaz”. Tashkent: “Yosh gvardiya”, 1987.
4.
Sadulla Siyoyev. “Ahmad Yassaviy”. Tashkent: “Uzbekiston”, 2012.
