Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
28
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
28-37
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
Work was carried out to study separately existing smart greenhouse systems, during the consideration of
which their advantages and disadvantages were identified. Having considered all possible options for
smart greenhouse systems, we determined the best ways of development. Based on the data obtained, the
relevance of the chosen project topic was substantiated. He developed an electrical circuit diagram, the
elements of which were selected in accordance with the necessary parameters, which were also indicated
in the list of elements.
K
EYWORDS
Automation of greenhouses, modern greenhouse complexes, microclimate: heating, irrigation, ventilation
and air circulation, automatic lighting, automated control.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
USING MODERN AUTOMATION IN THE GREENHOUSE
Submission Date:
May 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
May 15, 2022,
Published Date:
May 26, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-05-06
D.H. Khamdamov
Assistant of the Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, Fergana Polytechnic Institute Fergana
Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan
Kh.T. Yuldashev
Head of the Department of Metrology, Standardization, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Doctor of Philosophy
(PhD) in Physics and Mathematics sciences, Associate Professor Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan
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I
NTRODUCTION
The use of automated microclimate control
systems in greenhouses is promising [1-4].
Greenhouse automation [5,6] implies the
management and monitoring of climate
parameters that can be adjusted. Automation of
climate control promotes better growth and
higher yields, as well as reduces manual labor
costs. There is a need for a high degree of
automation and mechanization of technological
processes [7].
Modern greenhouse complexes are built multi-
span according to standard designs, they are
equipped with the necessary engineering systems
for maintaining the microclimate: heating,
irrigation, ventilation and air circulation,
drainage, water supply and sewerage, lighting. All
these systems are designed for large enterprises.
They are difficult to install and operate, and also
have a high cost. These systems are not applicable
to private or small farms [8].
The use of an automatic system for greenhouses
makes it possible to greatly facilitate the work on
your garden plot and increase the yield up to
several times. By installing an automatic machine
for a greenhouse with your own hands, it is
achievable to create favorable conditions for the
development and growth of plants without
human intervention. Autonomous irrigation
systems will save time spent on watering,
especially in summer cottages, when watering is
required even on weekdays. The amount of water
and fertilizer used is also significantly reduced.
Automatic lighting and heating allow you to grow
vegetables and herbs in greenhouses all year
round. Automation systems will significantly
simplify all technological operations in the
greenhouse.
Figure 1. Control of sensors using a special block
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Depending on the needs of farmers, any
combination of sensors is possible: temperature
sensors, humidity sensors, light meter sensors,
soil composition sensors (acidity, chemical
composition), dew point sensors, irrigation water
quality sensors, etc.
The sensors are connected via wired or wireless
networks. In remote areas, LPWANs such as
LoRaWAN, RF, NB-IoT, etc. can be used. As a rule,
networks of an unlicensed range are used for
communication, which in many cases reduces the
cost of using equipment, subscription fees for
services, etc.
To build such a solution and achieve the desired
result, three main components are required: a set
of sensors that read certain parameters; a
hardware-software complex, or HSC, for
collecting and processing this information, as well
as data transmission technologies designed to
link the other two components. The above is
enough for high-quality monitoring of the state of
air.
Automated control is carried out as follows: the
agricultural producer has a certain device - a
computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone, through
which he can access the taken parameters.
For example, the system signals that soil moisture
in a greenhouse has fallen below a threshold
value, as a result of which watering is necessary.
In this case, the farmer can give an appropriate
instruction to the maintenance personnel and,
after a while, monitor changes in the humidity
parameters. The main advantage of the data
obtained as a result of monitoring is accuracy and
reliability. For example, a weather forecast may
have serious errors and not reflect the real
picture. The assessment is given for the
settlement as a whole, and the situation in some
part of it may be very different from what is
happening in another.
Like any modular structure, an intelligent control
system can be upgraded and improved. For
example, it is possible to introduce monitoring of
the state of technological equipment into the
monitoring loop.
If the complex gives a command to turn on the
heating, and the device is faulty, the action will
not be performed, which can lead to crop losses.
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Figure 2. The control scheme of the lighting system in the greenhouse
The solution to this problem lies in the
implementation of monitoring of hardware nodes
and the early elimination of damage. There are
methods that help to read additional parameters
of the greenhouse biosystem, for example, to
control the level of nitrogen in the soil by the color
of the leaves. It is possible to install cameras that
recognize diseases of various crops, which are
evidenced by the appearance of spots and plaque
on the leaf surface.
All these measures bring the control of growing
vegetables to a new level of quality. At the stage of
fruit formation, the level of CO2 concentration
becomes an important parameter. To monitor it,
an appropriate sensor can be integrated into the
system and procedures for maintaining the
required level can be added. This option requires
external sources of carbon dioxide and
optimization of ventilation control algorithms,
while it is advisable that the number of visits to
greenhouses by employees is minimal. The fewer
people walking and opening doors, the more
stable the system and the better the maintenance
of CO2 levels. Thus, when developing algorithms,
one also has to take into account the human
factor. The introduction of additional options
requires certain costs, but most often such actions
are justified. In this case, the economy is simple:
when there is a question of preserving the crop,
then the costs are acceptable, because if
ventilation is not opened in time, lighting, heating,
etc. are turned on, the agricultural producer risks
losing part, and sometimes the entire crop. At the
same time, there is no need to directly perform all
actions and control them in the greenhouse itself,
since the monitoring and control system allows
you to do all operations automatically, quickly
and remotely.
Previously, automating the operation of a
greenhouse was an expensive, and sometimes
irredeemable procedure, but at the moment the
solution to this problem is not so expensive and
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fully pays off, and in the future, besides, it brings
even greater benefits.
Figure 3. Soil moisture sensor on a chip NE555
It is important to know the required water
consumption per day (which will depend on the
area greenhouses, the needs of grown plants in
water, their planting density, etc.), then it is
enough to control irrigation using water flow
sensors over time, and use humidity sensors as
overflow alarms.
Lighting control
. Automatic lighting is most
easily implemented using a simple photoresistor.
When the light decreases, its resistance increases
and thus a control signal is formed to turn on the
lamps in the greenhouse.
Soil heating Automatic soil heating is carried out
in the same way as air, but instead of actuators,
heating elements or a heating cable are used to
control the temperature.
Automation control devices
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Figure 4. An example of using Arduino to automate a greenhouse
Separately, it should be said about devices that
receive information from sensors, analyze and
issue control signals to actuators, heating
elements, water supply valves, etc. On the
Internet, you can find a lot of articles on such a
platform as Arduino, on the basis of which it is
proposed to create automation for small
greenhouses.
Arduino is a hardware and software tool with a
preloaded bootloader that allows you to upload
your program to the microcontroller without
using separate hardware programmers. The
microcontroller on the board is programmed
using the Arduino language, which is based on the
Wiring language (C-like).
All the results of the operation of the equipment
in an automated greenhouse, if necessary, can be
visually tracked on a computer. The web interface
can make it possible not only to monitor the
readings of temperature, humidity and lighting
sensors, but also to manage these very readings.
It can also be implemented to monitor the
greenhouse through a webcam.
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Figure 5. An example of a greenhouse automation circuit on Arduino
The greenhouse control system is controlled by
the Arduino central board, it works as follows: the
received
environmental
data,
the
air
temperature, humidity or lighting sensor is
transmitted to the central controller (Arduino)
which compares the current values with the set
ones. If any of the values does not match, then the
actuator is activated to restore the optimal state.
Next, the Arduino sends the data to a remote
server for monitoring over the Internet.
By means of a special programmable block, such
parameters are controlled as:
Heating of the internal space of the
greenhouse;
Water heating;
Frequency and duration of irrigation;
Start and stop forced ventilation;
Lighting.
Air temperature control is determined by two
threshold limits: upper limit and lower limit.
When the upper limit is exceeded, the vents open,
the fan is activated to cool the greenhouse
environment, curtains can be used to oppress,
and when the temperature drops below the lower
limit, the fan turns off, the heater turns on to heat
the air to a predetermined level.
Humidity control is determined by a threshold set
by the user. when the humidity in the greenhouse
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falls below the set threshold, the automatic
watering system turns on and then turns off when
the optimum condition is restored.
The lighting condition is controlled by two preset
points: upper limit and lower limit. The upper
limit determines when the light is activated while
the lower limit determines when it is turned off.
This strategy is mainly used to increase daylight
or compensate for insufficient natural light
according to the user's desire. Despite the ease of
programming and connection, as well as the low
cost, in my opinion, the implementation of such
projects on Arduino is difficult.
Figure 6. Controllino PLCs: MINI (left), MAXI (middle) and MEGA (right)
The Raspberry Pi 2 microcomputer can also be
used as a master control device, combining the
advantages of Arduino and a personal computer,
as it is able to run a separate operating system
and has input / output ports for connecting slave
devices and receiving signals from sensors.
But the easiest way is to buy a ready-made device
in the form of a programmable relay or a
programmable logic controller. Of the domestic
manufacturers of such products, the most well-
known companies are OWEN, Segnetiks, and
others. An alternative for those who have learned
to program Arduino can be the Controllino PLC.
The only disadvantage of this PLC is the relay
outputs with a current of up to 6 A. But if the
greenhouse uses electrical equipment with less
current consumption, then this PLC is the best fit.
Thus, the creation of an automated greenhouse
today is a simple and relatively inexpensive task
for small farms.
C
ONCLUSION
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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IF
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In the process of developing this article, work was
carried out to study separately existing smart
greenhouse systems, during the consideration of
which their advantages and disadvantages were
identified. Having considered all possible options
for smart greenhouse systems, we have identified
the best ways to develop this article. Based on the
data obtained, the relevance of the chosen project
topic was substantiated. He developed an
electrical circuit diagram, the elements of which
were selected in accordance with the necessary
parameters, which were also indicated in the list
of elements. He also developed and designed an
assembly drawing of the stand, which was used to
further place the elements of the project's
schematic diagram. Algorithms for the program
parts of the dissertation work were developed
separately for each of the subsystems. He
assessed the safety of the dissertation project.
Compiled a brief manual for the operation of the
design layout.
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Mirzayev,
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Yo’ldashev
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(ISSN
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Pages:
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SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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)
(2022:
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)
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IF
–
7.356
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