Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
51
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
51-58
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
The article describes the components of the automated liquid level system in the vessel of known volume
and their interaction.
K
EYWORDS
Automated system, software, microcontroller, liquid level sensor.
I
NTRODUCTION
Modern
rapidly
developing
measuring
technology is increasingly being introduced into
the operational processes of control and
technological regulation. At the same time,
measurement methods are constantly being
improved, the accuracy of measuring instruments
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
DESIGNING OF THE AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM OF
LIQUID LEVEL IN THE TANK SIZES SPECIFIED
Submission Date:
May 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
May 15, 2022,
Published Date:
May 26, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-05-09
S.S. Tojimatov
Master's Degree Student, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Kh.T. Yuldashev
Head of the Department of Metrology, Standardization, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Doctor of Philosophy
(PhD) in Physics and Mathematics sciences, Associate Professor Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
52
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
51-58
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
is increasing, on the basis of which various
systems for monitoring, accounting and
managing technological processes are created. In
many industries, this involves liquid level
measurement. This area of measurements is
constantly developing, new measurement
methods are being developed [1-4]. The creation
of automated systems, especially based on high-
precision level gauges with a continuous
measurement process, makes it possible to more
accurately estimate production costs, optimize
production process control, prevent losses, and
improve the quality of information support of the
first technological process. Thus, the industry is
constantly increasing demand for high-precision
low-cost liquid level meters, combined into a
process control system. The tasks of automating
various technological processes do not lose their
relevance in modern industries. The developed
system is designed to control the level of milk in a
container
of
a
known
size
at
the
Blagoveshchensky Dairy Plant, where improvised
means are still used to measure it [5-8].
The project involves the installation of a special
sensor (level gauge) in the tank and its connection
to a programmable microcontroller, which will
ensure
the
transfer
of
the
obtained
measurements to a logometer (digital cascade
indicator) and to a computer. To implement the
project, it is necessary develop special software
(SW) of two types. Firstly, a program for the
microcontroller, which will make it possible to
read the electrical signal from the level gauge and
conversion into a pulse-width modulation (PWM)
signal for transmission to a ratiometer and to
Personal Computer. And, secondly, an application
that allows not only to track the current liquid
level remotely, but also store and process
measured data. In his list functions include:
displaying
information about past measurements at the
request of the user, conducting analysis of stored
information (for example, the total volume of milk
for a certain period of time, the maximum and
minimum levels for the entire period of
observation), the formation of a message about
reaching a critical value, etc.
Rationale for the choice of technical means.
Measuring the level of petroleum products is a
rather difficult task that requires careful selection
of sensors due to the aggressiveness, viscosity
and explosiveness of the controlled environment.
For more than a hundred years, oil has been the
most important mineral in the history of mankind
(the world's first pump for the extraction of
"black gold" was developed in 1916 by our
compatriot, inventor Armais Arutyunov). Oil is
the basis of various fuels, lubricants, solvents,
petrochemical raw materials, etc. Dark and light
oil products have their own individual physical
and chemical properties, which determine the
way to control the level of oil products at all
stages of storage, transportation and processing.
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
53
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
51-58
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
Features of the environment make the process
quite complicated and require the following
factors to be taken into account:
Significant temperature and pressure drops in
the tank;
Toxicity
or
aggressiveness
of
the
environment;
Probability of corrosion of equipment parts;
Sticking of product particles;
Change in the density of the measured oil
products;
Requirements for explosion-proof execution
of sensors.
All these conditions significantly complicate the
task of measuring the level of oil products in a
tank, especially when high accuracy is required.
But there is a solution: the control of the level of
liquid petroleum products in tanks is successfull
y implemented using level gauges, both contact
and non-contact. Non-contact measurement of
the oil level can be provided by ultrasonic level
gauges EchoTREK, EasyTREK, ULM-53, and radar
level gauges Sitrans LR250, Sitrans probe LR,
PiloTREK.
In the list of contact points, it is worth paying
attention to the MicroTREK microwave level
transmitter for accurate measurements in
difficult conditions, the economical NivoTrack
magnetostrictive level transmitter, the DLM-35
capacitive level transmitter, the LMK 331
hydrostatic level transmitters (for aggressive
liquids) and LMP 331 (for viscous media).
Thus, the ACS includes the following technical
components:
level
sensor
liquids,
microcontroller, ratiometer, personal computer;
software components:
Microcontroller software, software required for
operator's work.
The development of the system required
choose reliable components with low cost.
Liquid level measuring instruments implemented
by various methods based on various physical
principles. To the most common contact methods
of level measurement, allowing to convert itvalue
into an electrical quantity and transfer its value to
automated process control systems, include:
wave, float, capacitive, hydrostatic and buoy. Of
the listed types, the float level sensor is one of the
most inexpensive and at the same time reliable
devices. Its advantages include resistance to foam
and bubbles in the liquid, as well as the ability to
work with viscous liquids. Such a sensor should
have some freedom to descend and ascend
relative to the attachment point. Distance, on
which such a float floats is called the regulation
level. If the sensor installation top of the tank is
not possible, then the float level sensor is
mounted in the wall of the tank.
Among the float sensors, the “Dump liquid level
indicator sensor” was chosen - a rheostatic type,
electromechanical, the resistive element of which
is made using thick-film technology. Sensor
characteristics: operating temperature range
from minus 40˚С to plus 60˚С, as well as vibration
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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)
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loads in three axes at an acceleration of 50 m/s
and a frequency of (50-100) Hz, shock loads at an
acceleration of 100 m/s
2
and a frequency of 80-
120 beats per minute. Average device life – 12
years. The appearance is shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Microcontroller Arduino UNO.
Fig 2. Digital cascade indicator.
As a microcontroller, the choice was made in
favor of the Arduino UNO R3. Arduino – hardware
a computing platform whose main components
are a simple I/O board and a development
environment in the Processing / Wiring language.
Arduino. It can be used to create
stand-alone interactive objects, and connect to
software running on a computer. This board has
6 analog inputs and 6 outputs capable of
outputting a PWM signal. These signals are
available on the board via pads or pins.
connectors. Several types of external expansion
boards are also available, called "shields", which
attach to the Arduino board via pin headers.
Characteristics of the microcontroller: processor
- ATmega328p, supply voltage - 5 volts, flash
memory - 32 Kbytes, EEPROM - 1 KB, SRAM - 2
KB, number of binary inputs / outputs - 14,
supported USB interface - 8U2. The appearance of
the microcontroller is shown in fig. 2. As a
logometer, a digital cascade indicator of the TsKI
01 SB type was chosen, designed to control the
position of the voltage regulator of power
transformers with regulation under load and
operating in combination with a motor drive of
the voltage regulator. It is used for mains and
special transformers designed for power supply
systems and for supplying processes, providing a
remote indication of the voltage regulator of the
transformer. The indicated ratiometer is
designed for indoor operation with installation on
an electric panel and is shown in fig.3.
How the system works
Inside the liquid level sensor there is a permanent
magnet at the end of the lever, which
switches reed switches (contacts). At the other
end of the lever is a float. When the water level
rises, the float is pushed up, moves the lever,
moving the magnet from one position into
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
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SJIF
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)
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another. Further, when the magnet approaches,
the reed switches close, each closed reed switch
corresponds to its own water level. The signal
received from the sensor is sent to the
microcontroller, in which the program is running.
When changing the value of the sensor signal in
the range from 45 to 540, the level pulse width
modulation output by the microcontroller varies
proportionally from 0 up to 200 and is measured
in liters. This value is displayed on the ratiometer,
PC monitor and is constantly updated.
There is a wide range of means for monitoring
and measuring the level, using various physical
methods: capacitive, electrocontact, hydrostatic
pressure, float, ultrasonic, radio wave. These
methods and tools allow you to control the level
of various media: liquid (pure, contaminated),
pulps, oil products, free-flowing solids of various
dispersion. At when choosing a level gauge, it is
necessary to take into account such physical and
chemical properties controlled environment such
as temperature, abrasive properties, viscosity,
electrical conductivity, chemical aggressiveness,
etc. In addition, one should take into account
attention to operating conditions in or around the
tank: pressure, vacuum, heating, cooling, method
of filling or emptying (pneumatic or mechanical),
the presence of a stirrer, flammability, explosion
hazard and others.
Modern production automation systems require
statistical and information data to estimate costs,
prevent losses, optimize production process
control, improve efficiency use of raw materials.
This ever-increasing demand for information
leads to the need to use in control systems not
simple signaling devices, but means providing
continuous measurement.
Today, level measurement in many industries
carried out by different operating principles by
level gauges, of which float, buoy, hydrostatic,
electric,ultrasonic and radioisotope. Visual
measuring instruments are also used.
Fig.3. Diagrams of pneumatic displacers.
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The layout of the displacer pneumatic level gauge
is shown in fig. 4. The level gauge works as
follows. When the liquid level in the apparatus is
equal to the initial h0 (in a particular case, h0 can
be equal to 0), the measuring arm 2 is in
equilibrium, since the moment M1 created by the
weight of the displacer G is balanced by the
moment M2 created by the counterweight N.
When the liquid level becomes greater than h0,
part of the buoy is immersed in the liquid.
Therefore, the weight of the displacer decreases,
and consequently, the moment M1 created by the
displacer on the lever 2 also decreases. Since M2
becomes larger than M1, the lever 2 rotates
around the point O clockwise and covers the
nozzle 8 with the damper 7. Therefore, the
pressure in the nozzle line increases. This
pressure is supplied to the pneumatic booster 10,
the output of which is the output of the level
gauge.
On fig. 4 shows a diagram of level measurement
with a manometer. Applicable for for these
purposes, pressure gauge 1 can be of any type
with
appropriate
limits
measurements
determined by the dependence p = ρgh .
Hydrostatic measurement pressure with a
pressure gauge can also be carried out according
to the scheme shown in fig. 4.
Fig.4. Level measurement schemes with hydrostatic level gauges
According to this scheme, the value of the
measured level is judged by the pressure of the air
filling the manometric system.
In the lower part of the manometric system there
is a bell 2, the hole of which is blocked by a thin
elastic membrane 1, and in the upper part there is
a pressure gauge 3. The use of an elastic
membrane excludes the dissolution of air in the
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
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VOLUME
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liquid, however, it introduces an error in
determining the level due to the elasticity of the
membrane. The advantage of this scheme for
measuring
hydrostatic
pressure
is
the
independence of the pressure gauge readings
from its location relative to the liquid level in the
tank.
When measuring the level according to the
considered schemes, measurement errors occur,
which are determined by the accuracy class of
pressure gauges and changes in the density of the
liquid.
The same signal is simultaneously sent to the
negative feedback bellows 5. Under the action of
pressure РВout, a force R arises, the moment M3
of which coincides in direction with the moment
M1, i.e. the action of the force R is aimed at
restoring the balance of lever 2. The movement of
the measuring system of the transducer occurs
until the sum of the moments of all forces acting
on lever 2 becomes equal to 0. The output signal
of pneumatic displacers varies in the range of
0.02–0.1 MPa when the level changes from zero to
the maximum value. The initial value of the
output signal (0.02 MPa) is set by spring 6 (see
Fig. 6, a). To prevent self-oscillations of the
measuring system of the level gauge, a damper 4
is used. The sealing of the technological apparatus
when a sensitive element is installed in it is
achieved by a sealing membrane 3. If necessary,
the displacer can be installed in a remote chamber
located outside the technological apparatus. The
minimum upper measurement limit for
pneumatic level gauges is 0.02 m, the maximum is
16 m.
C
ONCLUSION
In the course of the work, a project was completed
for an automated system for monitoring the level
of liquid in tanks of a given size, selected means of
technical implementation, created software for
the microcontroller in C#. A program for storing
and analyzing measured data is currently being
developed.
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Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
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(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
51-58
SJIF
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5.478
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5.636
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IF
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