Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
346
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
346-352
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article contains scientific information about the severe consequences of the colonial system in
Bukhara at the beginning of the 20th century, the gradual exploitation of the local people for the benefit of
the center, and the struggle for independence and freedom that began against this colonialism, as a result
of which the patriots left their homeland and went to Afghanistan to emigrate. is analyzed.
K
EYWORDS
Ibrahim Lakai, Bolshevik, military invasion, Western Bukhara, Moscow, Afghanistan, Qalayi Fatu,
Amonullah Khan.
I
NTRODUCTION
Today, in a period of ongoing political changes in
the international arena, various conflicts, peace,
sustainable development and good relations with
neighboring countries prevail in the Uzbek land.
But it is clear to all of us that such peace and
stability could not be achieved easily or without
any casualties and losses. It is no secret that the
treats in Afghanistan of the late 20th century and
the beginning of the 21st century have become an
internationally relevant treat. The history of long-
standing Uzbeks in Afghanistan as well as the
history of Afghan statehood shows that it is
important to study the role and participation of
Uzbeks in political life on a scientific basis. At the
high-level Tashkent International Conference on
Afghanistan on the topic “Peace Process, Security
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
EMIGRATION OF BUKHARA INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM
FIGHTERS TO AFGHANISTAN
Submission Date:
June 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 25, 2023,
Published Date:
June 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-06-56
Iskandarov Shodiyor Nurdullo O’g’li
Basic Doctoral Student Of Samarkand State University After Named Sharaf Rashidov, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
347
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
346-352
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Cooperation and Regional Partnership” on March
27, 2018 “...The peoples of Uzbekistan and
Afghanistan have lived in a single cultural and
civilized space for centuries. Azal has long been
inhabited on both sides of the Amudarya by
peoples who combine similar languages, common
sacred religion and common spiritual values,” [1]
the fact that a comprehensive study of the history
of the Uzbek people, who have been living in the
neighboring country for many centuries, from a
historical point of view shows that an important
scientific significance is. After all, looking at the
research of historians, sources and Orientalists
who are doing scientific research on the history of
Uzbeks today, it is no secret for anyone that it is
difficult to find research about the Uzbeks of
Afghanistan, which are an integral part of the
Uzbek people.
We know that the history of emigration of the
main part of Afghan Uzbeks is directly related to
the Tsarist colonization and the structure of the
former Shura. It was the heavy colonial policy of
the late 19th century and early 20th century that
caused the migration of many Uzbeks to the
territory of Afghanistan.
Review of literature on the topic. Several pieces of
literature were studied in the preparation of an
article on the emigration of fighters of
independence and liberation of Bukhara to
Afghanistan. In particular, at first, I used the
works of Ahmad Zakiy Walidi, one of the major
political and cultural figures of his time, “divided
Wolf Earth” and Amir Olimkhan's “history of the
Hasrali people of Bukhara”, as well as scientific
research work of Republican historians on the
topic. In Particular, Sh.N, Khayitov's overseas
Uzbeks, Nasriddin Nazarov's Afghan Uzbeks were
analyzed. In addition Masson V.M, Istoria
Afganistana Of The Romodins. Afganistan v novoe
vremya as well as Kamoliddin Abdullayev's horse
Sintsiana do Khorasana. sources such as iz Istorii
Sredneaziatskoi Emigratsii 20 veka were used.
Information from Oriental sources with foreign
literature was also used in the preparation of the
article. On the basis of information from these
sources, the topic was researched.
R
ESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the preparation of this article, methods of
comparative comparison and critical analysis
were used more often. The struggle for
independence in Bukhara and the emigration of
these wrestlers to Afghanistan were objectively
revealed.
A
NALYSIS AND RESULTS
The eyes of the Bukharan people, who, like in the
Turkestan region, were sleepy and tricked into
Soviet propaganda, soon opened their eyes and
set off for the struggle of national independence.
But there was no national cohesion and unity in
the forces that rode to fight for independence
against the Soviets. While they had great power,
they were disorganized, scattered and had no
programming guidance, they had no cunning,
experienced in the idea and no experience against
a rival like the pixie-cracked saloons and
komfirqad. This was masterfully used by the
colonial saloons.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
348
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
346-352
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
On 3 November 1920, the Comintern became the
assembly of the Turkestan Bureau. Uni
V.V.Kuibyshev managed. At the meeting, the
issue”on the relations between the Bukharan
communist faction and the political path of the
faction " was discussed. In the decision on this
issue, the Turkestan bureau noted that the
attention should be paid to “conduct an agrarian
revolution in Bukhara and turn the Revolutionary
Committee in this direction.” This route was
approved by the RKP (b) MQsi. In particular, the
RKP(b) MQsi discussed the political course of the
Bukharan komfirqasi Mqsi at its plenum on 26
January 1921. The decision on this issue States:
“agrarian revolution must really be carried out
without breaking with the curr
ent government”
[2]. It turns out that Moscow gave a direct fatwa
on the implementation of the “agrarian
revolution”in Bukhara.
Based on this instruction, the V Congress of the
Bukhara komfirka, held on February 23, 1921,
passed under the slogan “Land
-to t
he peasants”.
The Congress approved the decree “on Land”of
the entire Bukhara Revolutionary Committee,
adopted on January 5, 1921. According to this
Decree, all Land, Water, Forest and natural
resources were declared universal property, no
matter who owned them: the nationalized lands
of the emir and Beks, as well as the Waqf estates,
were noted to be distributed free of charge to the
peasants.
Under this decree, 4,000 tanobs (thousand
desyatina) of land belonging to the emir and Beks
were confiscated in the old Bukhara district and
about 1,000 tanobs (250 desyatina (1 desyatina 4
tanob)in the uyezds of Bukhara region, and 5-25
tanobs were divided into peasants. (Of course, all
this work was done by cunning in time. Later the
land was again taken from the farmers.)
Of course, such activities, carried out by force
from above, as a result of Moscow's great
statehood and colonial policy, were much to the
dismay of the leaders of the Republic of Bukhara.
F. Of The Republic.Khojaev, A.Fitrat, Sattorhojaev,
M.Saidjonov, M.Aminov, Otakhojaev and his other
leaders, in a moderate manner in pressure,
favored the independence of Bukhara. In
particular, the chairman of the Bukhara
revolutionary committee A.Muhitdinov wrote at
an exhibition distributed to places in the summer
of 1921: "let's be one in the work for Religion,
homeland and nation... We demand national
independence.[3]
The second main force that fought for the
independence and liberation of Bukhara against
the invasion of the shuros was the forces led by
Emir Said Olimkhan. After the Emir of Bukhara
left the capital with forces loyal to him, he
retreated to Hisor province, fighting invading Red
troops in the vicinity of Bandor and Darband,
overlooking the provinces of Qurghontepa,
Gijduvan, Boysun. Here he spent six months
fighting against the enemy. “At the beginning of
the battle, "says amir Olimkhan," my uncle
Muhammad Saidbek Parvonachi, the minister of
war, and Abdulhafiz Parvonachi, the commander
of the war, Ibrahimbek were the military chiefs.
With this, a struggle and a fight took place for six
months, until the end of which the Bolshevik team
was forced into this war that they had created,
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
349
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
346-352
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
and a significant number of soldiers and military
weapons came from Moscow. With this, they
suddenly launched an attack on the Islamic army.
They fought warily for ten months in terms of the
scarcity of military equipment and weapons in
Islamic soldiers, and then I turned to foreign
countries in this Bandai act of desperately seeking
help and encouragement”.[4]
Amir Olimkhan, in order to continue the fight
against the red soldiers, arrived from Khisor to
the Lake province, from there in 1921 to Kabul,
the capital of Afghanistan. During his stay in the
eastern Bukhara region of the road, he supported
the forces that set their sights on the struggle for
the independence and freedom of the Fatherland
against the shawars, providing them with
encouragement and advice. In particular, Said
Olimkhan points out that during his stay in the
province of Kolob, he met with the liberating
loyalists
Mullah
Muhammad
Ibrahimbek
devonbegi, who fought against the shawars, and
developed plans for a future battle with the
enemy. "I," says amir Olimkhan, " issued a decree
and sent it (Muhammad Ibrahimbek - the
authors) to certain places. I ordered Muhammad
Ibrahimbek to deal with the Statesmandbek with
those permissions of mine, to keep the enemy's
path fortified”.[5]
The Emir of Afghanistan, Omonullahan, well
opposed Emir Olimkhan. The Emir sarboz were
allocated a place from Mazari Sharif and
Khonabad. He gave himself a place from Qal'ayi
Fatu, the Emir's garden near Kabul. At the very
beginning, this was where, together with Syed
Olimkhan, Karmana begi Yovqochbek, Sherabad
begi Abulhafizbek, Mirfattohbek udaychi,
Yusufboy Muqimboev Qori Muzrob, military
minister Ibrahimbek, Abdullabek toksabo,
a'zamhoji and others, who served as the Emir's
London representative for trade. [6]
On the territory of the emirate of Bukhara, there
was also the third - the most basic force fighting
for independence and freedom against the
invasion of the shuros. These were the people's
national freedom fighters, who were eager under
the leadership of patriotic warlords. The struggle
for freedom and independence became strong in
the particularly eastern and western regions of
the emirate of Bukhara. In 1922, the Emirate of
Bukhara had an army of people's Avengers led by
more than 30 [7] guards. Ibrahimbek Laqay,
Statmanbek, Abdulqodirbek, Haji Sami Afandi
(moved in Surhon Oasis and Tajikistan areas),
Bahrombek qorshi, Wolf Taqsabo qorshi
(opposite), Sharaf Uzbek qorshi (from Beshkent),
Khojambek qorshi (from the book), Qoraqulbek
and Mamatqulqul qorshi (from Korqontepa),
Bahrombek qorshi, Jabborbek qorshi, Ochilbek
qorshi, Hamraqul qorshi, Ochil taqsabo Qorshi,
Ghulam Awgan Qorshi, a'zam Khan Eshon Qorshi,
sayfulla mirokhur qorshi, Sherbek qorshi (in
Samarkand), holbutabek Qorshi, mustafaqulbek
Qorshi (from Oratepa, These include Niyozbek
cave (from Jizzakh), Boboyor cave, Halomurod
cave, Haidar Mergan cave from sepki, Timlik Rozi
cave, six-boy Blackish sniper cave (from
Khatirchi) and others.[8]
One of the major representatives of the national
liberation movement is Ibrahimbek lagay.
"Laqay" is his nickname, denoting Uzbek's
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
350
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
346-352
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
affiliation with the laqay clan. Ibrahimbek's full
name is sharifi Mullah Muhammad Ibrahim
Chaqaboy's son. The year of birth is uncertain,
with an estimated date of 1889 or 1890. He was
born in the village of Koktosh, in the south of the
city of Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, where
the lacai clan of Uzbekistan mainly resides.
Ibrahimbek Lagai is one of the bright figures of
the national independence struggle in Turkey. As
early as the time of the emir, he began to work
from massacres of the O'ris military and gained
great fame at a short opportunity. Ibrahimbek has
achieved much of amir Olimkhan's career. The
emir sent him a number of gifts and titles even
after he crossed into Afghanistan. During his stay
in Eastern Bukhara, Emir Olimkhan, a yovqur
similar to Ibrahimbek, had relied on fearless men
and willed against the Soviets.[9] Muhammad
Ibrahimbek even took Dushanbe from the
Bolsheviks. But the red soldiers, G. According to
the information given by Fraser, 50,000 men
were crossed by the sword during the retreat
from the city.[10] Ibrahimbek compiled the
"lashkari Islam", ("Islamic lashkari")from August
1920 to 1926, with Frunze, A.I.Cork, S.Pugachev,
A.N.An invader led by the todorskys fought
mardonavor against the red soldiers. In 1926,
with his Mujahideen boys, he was forced to cross
into Afghanistan.
Ibrahimbek lived in Qal'ai Fatu, near the city of
Qabul, together with the one-time Saeed
Olimkhan. The Afghan government allocates him
a thousand rupees per month, while the Emir of
Bukhara allocates five hundred rupees. Later,
upon the arrival of the ignorant on the throne of
Afghanistan (in 1929), a war of brotherhood
broke out between the emigrants and the Afghan
army. Fed up with futile bloodshed, Ibrahimbek
returns to his homeland in 1931 and voluntarily
surrenders to the Knights.[11]
The Bolsheviks listed Ibrahimbek as one of the
most dangerous opponents of all time. Because he
repeatedly showed examples of heroism and
courage in battles against the red soldiers.
Therefore, he had also received great respect
from Emir Olimkhan. He had demonstrated one
such feat in 1921. Amir Olimkhan introduces
Hisar begi Ibrahimbek to Amir as he passes
through Eastern Bukhara to Afghanistan,
describing him as "capable of any assignment". In
an attempt to test Abrahimbek's bravery and
bravery, the Emir decrees the importation of
three Muslim tughs who had been trapped in
Dushanbe. The decree was considered extremely
difficult and dangerous to enforce, as red soldier
units controlled the city in every possible way.
Nevertheless, Ibrahimbek, together with his
friend Asadullobek, fulfills the Emir's decree full
and fluffy.[12]
Muhammad, Ibrahimbek especially hated the
traitors and traitors of the fatherland with all his
heart. In various ways, the Shawnee would buy
some of them and use them in the way of their
own vile goals, promising unworthy alms and
positions to thwart the indigenous people's
struggle as a single front against the red soldiers.
The classified directive of the Communist
(Bolshevik) faction of Uzbekistan Mqsi dated June
30, 1925 confirms this opinion
: “let a special
group be formed from reliable guys who willingly
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
351
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
346-352
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
surrender to us to destroy the clerics:
Ibrahimbek, Rahman dodhoni, Ismat”.[13]
In addition, one of the major centers of national
independence and the struggle for freedom was
Western Bukhara. The people of Western
Bukhara, who received spiritual food from the
actions of ibrahimbek and Anwar poshsho, in
particular, Bukhara, Gijduvan, Parmez, Vobkent
and karakul ahli approached Emir Olimkhan with
a special name and asked for the appointment of
a commander by the emir in the fight against the
shaurs. Given this demand, Mullah Abdul Qahhor,
who is highly respected by the bukharians, is
appointed there as "commander of the Islamic
army". The name of the Emir of Bukhara on this
embankment was brought by the Turkish officer
Uthman Afandi, a representative of Anwar
poshsho, on May 12, 1922. In the presence of
Mulla Abdul Qahhor were Zakiy Walidi Dam,
Abduholiq Orifov, military superintendent of the
Bukharan people's Republic of Shura, etc. Mulla
Abdul Qahhor soon gathers a large force and
horrifies the red soldiers. The ranks of the Islamic
armies under his command are organized by
6,000 people from Bukhara, 2,000 from Gijduvop,
Wang'oze, Vobkent, Shofirkon, Parmez, 2,000
from Bahovaddin, 25,000 in total, and win a
number of historical victories. Islamic armies
expelled the red soldiers from Gijduvan and
began marching towards Nurota and Karmana,
managing to end tributary authority in Western
Bukhara.
In order to get out of such a difficult situation, the
Soviets call on additional military forces from
Moscow and Tashkent. From December 1922
until the autumn of 1924, fierce and fierce fighting
broke out between the Islamic armies under
Mullah Abdul Qahhor and the red soldiers. Heavy
casualties were inflicted on both sides. In
September 1924, Mullah Abdul Qahhor was
wounded in a fierce battle in the barren
marshlands near the village of Qizilqum called
Varajan. 140 Islamic warriors died in this battle.
Abdul Qahhar's younger brother, Mitanpolwon,
takes his badly wounded army leader out of the
battlefield. They find shelter in Azizabad village.
But the Reds followed them and executed them.
The div of the brave and valiant Patriot Mullah
Abdul Qahhar was buried in Saitkent village near
Gijduvan, where he was born and raised.
The red soldiers took heavy revenge on the local
people. Especially caring (between the
thunderstorm and the Conimex), terrible
massacres were organized in the areas of
Brickyard, Parmesan, Wang'oze, Polonze and
Boggaghoze. Only between November 1923 and
early 1925, 4,961 national liberation movement
participants were massacred and 3,307
captured.[14]
C
ONCLUSIONS
This is how our great compatriots, devotees of
national independence and the struggle for
freedom, were forced to leave their native land
and live in emigration in Afghanistan without
reaching their sacred and noble intentions. They
were powerless in the face of powerful, powerful
and scheming invading Bolsheviks. The popular
war of national liberation and independence,
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
352
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
346-352
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
which lasted for more than 16 years, ended with
the defeat of the Patriots. But their holy blood,
which they shed on the path of national
independence and freedom, did not leave Zoe.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Мирзиёев Ш.М. Афғонистон бўйича
“Тинчлик жараёни, ҳавфсизлик соҳасида
ҳамкорлик ва минтақавий шериклик”
мавзуидаги халқаро конференциядаги
сўзлаган нутқи // Халқ сўзи, 2018. 28
март.
2.
Ўзбекистон тарихи. Учинчи жилд, T.
“Фан”
-1971. 295-bet.
3.
Ражабова Р.Е. ва бошкалар. Ўзбекистон
тарихи
(1917-
1993йиллар).
T.:,,O’qituvchi”
-1994.104-bet.
4.
Амир Сайд Олимхон. Бухоро халқининг
ҳасратли тарихи. T.: “Fan”
-1991. 16-bet.
5.
Амир Сайд Олимхон. Бухоро халқининг
ҳасратли тарихи. T.: “Fan”
-1991. 18-bet.
6.
Амир Сайд Олимхон. Бухоро халқининг
ҳасратли
тарихи. T.: “Fan”
-1991. 18-19 bet.
7.
Санаев Исмат. Зиёвуддин тарихи.
-
Т.:
“Шарқ”
-1995. 221-bet.
8.
Jo’rayev.N,
Karimov.Sh.
O’zbekiston
tarixi(O’zbekiston sovet mustamlakachiligi
davrida). 2-
jild. T.: “Sharq”
-2011. 266-bet.
9.
Ahmad Zakiy Validiy.Bo’linganni bo’ri yer.
T.:-1997 140-141 betlar
10.
Фрейзер Г., Босмачилар. Лондон
-1987. 34-
bet.
11.
«Ўзбекистон миллий энциклопедияси»
“И”.T.: 30 bet
12.
Амир Сайд Олимхон. Бухоро халқининг
ҳасратли тарихи. T.: “Fan”
-1991. 14-bet.
13.
“Ўзбекистон адабиёти ва санъати”.T
-
1992, 17 апрель.
14.
Санаев Исмат. Зиёвуддин тарихи. T.:
“Sharq”
-1995. 223-bet.
