Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
68
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
Pages:
68-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article describes the opinion that the development of linguistic, cultural and communicative
competence of future translators is an important factor in the development of pedagogical and
psychological foundations.
K
EYWORDS
Pedagogical-psychological, linguistic and cultural, modern outlook, social necessity, continuous education,
individual qualities, economic development, educational standards, education and training, scientific-
methodical.
I
NTRODUCTION
One of the important conditions for the
development of our country is to fundamentally
change the system of personnel training, at all
stages of the educational process, in all forms and
types of educational institutions of the
continuous
education
system,
advanced
methodical
education,
modern
scientific
achievements and social based on experience.
The state policy in the field of personnel training
envisages the formation of a comprehensively
developed person-citizen through a continuous
education system related to the intellectual,
spiritual and moral education of a person.
Our peoples, our ancestors, who have been
relatives, friends, and brothers since time
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF
DEVELOPING LINGUISTIC AND COMMUNICATIVE
COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TRANSLATORS
Submission Date:
August 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
August 25, 2023,
Published Date:
August 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-08-10
Abdurakhimova Umida Shukhratovna
Fergana State University Independent Researcher, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
69
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
Pages:
68-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
immemorial, learned languages and exchanged
cultures. Civilization was established as a result of
people enriching each other spiritually. In this,
the role of translators, who spread the ideas of
works of art, examples of literature, advanced
views of great geniuses, freedom and equality of
people, is invaluable. Teaching translation is not
only practical, that is, it is important to form the
necessary translation competence in students. It
also fulfills important general linguistic and
general educational obligations.[1] Dealing with
translation forms in students the ability to pay
attention to the nuances of semantics and aspects
of language units that give additional meaning,
the peculiarities of the systematic organization
and use of languages, the "view of the world" with
the help of each language. features, reveals
common and specific aspects in the culture and
thinking of representatives of different language
communities. The creation of translation
competence helps to develop the personality of
future translators in all aspects: they have a sense
of vigilance and responsibility, use of references
and additional sources of information, selection,
quick and correct decision-making, additional
linguistic skills. forms the skills of obtaining and
comparing data.
L
ITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
The professional training of a translator requires
qualities such as high culture, encyclopedic
knowledge, regular updating, and wide-ranging
interests. Such qualities are polished in learning
two languages and two different cultures. After
all, it remains a difficult task to achieve a
pragmatic
translation
without
fully
understanding the culture of the two peoples. The
content of any educational direction, the specific
features of the studied subject are determined by
the ultimate goal of education. The translation
theory, included in the basics of translator
training program, studies the rules of translation
activity.[2]
However, the main task of translation courses is
not only to give students a certain amount of
knowledge, but also to train them into highly
qualified
specialists
who
can
perform
translations at a professional level. That is why a
large part of the courses is devoted to the
development of professional translation skills
and abilities, acquiring the elements of
translation strategies and techniques, and gaining
experience in translating texts of different levels
of complexity.
The organization of translation training and the
development
of
teaching
methods
are
conditioned by the acceptance of a number of
original assumptions:
-
translation is a complex and multifaceted type
of mental activity, it can be carried out in
different conditions, in different ways and
under the influence of many elements;
-
certain knowledge, skills (perform a certain
action consciously) and skills (semi-
voluntarily and involuntarily (automatically )
to perform) is required;
-
translation activity can be performed by the
translator consciously (with the help of
analysis and based conclusions) or intuitively.
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
70
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
Pages:
68-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The ratio between conscious and intuitive
representations of activity varies in different
translators when translating different texts
under different conditions. Conscious and
intuitive translation ability (interpretation
competence) develops during training and
practice;
-
the implementation of the translator's
authority takes place in the personal
participation of the translator in relation to
the language. For this purpose, the translator
must have comprehensive cognitive and
linguistic knowledge, wide-scale cross-
cultural intelligence, necessary mental
qualities and talent. Such qualities should be
developed and encouraged during translation
training;
-
the task of training in translation is not to
master some norms, rules and recipes that the
translator can unwittingly apply in any
situation, but to master the rules, styles and
methods of translation, to be able to choose
them, in relation to different texts in certain
conditions , can be used in different ways for
different purposes. The issues solved by the
translator in the process of translation require
finding a new solution, taking into account the
meaning hidden in the text and the specifics of
the relevant situation, based on the same
template or general rules of the translation
strategy, which allows everyone to apply
certain methods and rules. can be individual.
The search for a solution consists of
conclusions about the possibility of using a
certain rule and method, about the need to
choose a unique, occasional solution,
abandoning its changing or usual, standard
solution;
- the object of translation activity is the
information in the original text. The semantic and
formal parts of the text (message) content are
related to each other. However, unity is
manifested in the form of a complete whole,
which acquires different significance. The
relationship between the whole and its parts is
manifested in different ways during the
translation
process.
Depending
on
the
importance of turning individual elements of the
text, a relatively clear and complete expression
can occur. In this sense, a whole may (or may not)
be more important than its individual parts;
the language units that make up the text cannot
be the object of translation by themselves, but the
content of the text, the meeting of certain
language tools in the text occurs through them,
acquires semantic value, can determine the
nature of the translation task and may cause
certain difficulties for translation. In this sense,
there is a problem of expressing the importance
of language units in the process of translation as a
part of the huge content of the text;
- the specified ratio allows to bring the
educational translation used in translation
training closer to the working conditions of a
professional translator. At the same time, for
educational purposes, it is possible to use some
parts of the text, some expressions, which allow
to highlight translation difficulties and issues of a
certain type, as much as possible, in a small part;
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
71
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
Pages:
68-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
- it is necessary to study the methods of solving
typical translation problems and the strategy of
searching for individual creative solutions, not
the methods of turning the educational material
(text, expression, word) used in the process of
teaching translation into translation. In this
sense, teaching translation requires the ability to
distinguish typical translation issues in the
educational material and to form general rules
and specific methods of solving them. In addition
to the general rules and methods used in different
translations, special methods may be used for
each type.[4]
In general, while mentioning the above-
mentioned specific types of translated materials,
it is worth noting that taking into account the
pragmatic aspect is of great importance in the
translation of nouns, geographical names, and
various cultural and household realities, which
are equivalently called lexicon. Thus, information
that is implicit in the original text (known to the
owner of the original language as part of his
"initial knowledge"), i.e., has an abstract form for
the owners of the translated language, is explicit
(clear, understandable) in the translated
language. that is, it is expressed concretely.
Compare:
"Where you girls from?" I asked her again...
"Seattle, Washington..." (J. Salinger, The Catcher in
the Rye, 10) - "Girls, where are you from?"
Linguistic units in different languages are not
always completely interchangeable, a word
characteristic of one language may not exist in
another. When translating the word "Robben
Island" into Uzbek, in order to give its original
meaning, i.e. to achieve a pragmatic translation,
the translator uses some linguistic tools and calls
it not "prison on Robben Island", but "prison on
Robben Island" translates as, Here the word
"island" was added so that the original meaning
would be understandable to the Uzbek receptor
(reader).[5:140]
Adding such information, which is unknown to
the target language speakers but known to the
native speakers, is a commonly used technique in
translation, with the expected goal of translating
the target text. is to make it as intelligible as
possible to native speakers. It was Friday and
soon they'd go out and get drunk. (J. Brain, Room
at the Top) -Friday- payday. Soon these people go
out and have fun. As it can be seen from this
example, every English person knows that in
England the salary is paid on Friday every week,
but any Uzbek reader may not know it either.
Therefore, the sentence of the day of payment
was added in the translation. Therefore, it is
necessary for the words used in the translation to
have information that is usually known to native
speakers, but may be unknown to the reader of
the translated language. In the practice of
translation, more than additions and omissions,
the substitution method is also used as a method
of conveying this or that information to the reader
who speaks the translation language, which is not
directly expressed in the original, but is more or
less understandable to him. As an example, let's
take a passage from American historian and
journalist U. Shirer's "The Rise and Fall of the
Third Reich": ...The jubilant Prime Minister faced
a large crowd that pressed into Downing Street.
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
72
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
Pages:
68-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
After listening to shouts of "Good old Neville"...,
Chamberlain spoke a few words from a second-
storey window in Number 10. (Ch. 12).
Results (Results). Translation is the process of
conveying the original information to the reader
in an understandable way, the reader becomes
the recipient of the information after reading the
text, and a certain attitude towards the
information expressed in the text is formed. This
attitude is called pragmatic attitude. Such
relationships can be different, that is, they can
consist of information that is not interesting for
the reader or has a strong emotional impact on
him.
Such communicative effect of the text on the
recipient of information is called the
communicative aspect or potential of the text.
[7:56] The pragmatic potential of the text is
formed by means of language expression chosen
by the author: lexical, syntactic and stylistic units.
The original text selects the language tools that
make the information effective in accordance
with its communicative purpose. As a result, the
text created for this purpose will have a certain
pragmatic potential and it will have a
communicative effect on the receiver of
information. The pragmatic potential of the text is
expressed by the content and form of information,
they are the means of expression that already
exist in the language, and the author only uses
them appropriately.
The reader's pragmatic attitude toward
information depends not only on the text, but also
on his personality, life experiences, knowledge,
and mental state. The pragmatic and
communicative impact of the text is determined
by its impact on people at different levels.
Therefore, establishing a pragmatic attitude
corresponding to the original depends on the
choice of language tools of the translator.
In the process of translation, the translator tries
to recreate the original events through language
tools that are understandable to the reader. In
doing so, he should not forget that the reader
belongs to a completely different language
compared to the original, and is a representative
of a different culture and history.[8:108]
It is known that any literary work is primarily
intended for the public of readers who speak the
language in which this work is written. For this
reason, it describes the socio-political, cultural
way of life, clothes, food, etc. belonging to this
nation. When the translator begins to translate
such a work, he has to take into account such
inconsistencies in the original language and the
translated language, and add changes and
additions in appropriate places. The extent to
which pragmatic wisdom is correctly reflected in
the translation is determined by the influence of
the literary work on the reader, its artistic value,
and the ability to attract many readers. The
pragmatic task of the translation of such a text is
to create a text that can create an artistic and
aesthetic effect on the reader in the same way as
in the original text. Therefore, it is important to
reflect the pragmatic potential in the translation.
This depends more on the translator's ability to
use appropriate lexical syntactic units in the
necessary places.
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
73
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
Pages:
68-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
From the above points, it can be concluded that in
order to achieve pragmatic harmony in the
translation, the translator needs to know well
every situation and thing expressed in the
original text, that is, to have deep extralinguistic
knowledge, because taking extralinguistic factors
into account is the guarantee of achieving an
original translation.
It is recognized that six world languages lead in
the practice of international relations. One of
them is undoubtedly English, which is the mother
tongue of four hundred million people. In
addition, about three hundred million people use
this language as a means of international
relations. Another one and a half billion people in
the world use English as a second or third
language in their work and life.
Mastering the language at a professional level and
working as a translator is a unique and sensitive
issue that is not widely covered. Interpreting is
one of the most creative professions in the world.
Interpreters in mass media
very little is written (spoken) about. That is why,
as a rule, everyone has different, in most cases,
wrong ideas about this profession.
Translation takes on a variety of forms, ranging
from advertising text to medical terminology,
from the philosophical musings of a scientist to an
international field hockey argument, and so on.
will come. This requires a professional translator
to have knowledge not only of language, but also
of oral speech.
Perhaps this profession is not as romantic as, say,
a geologist or a test pilot, but it is no less
interesting than an engineer or an architect. No
profession gives you the opportunity to observe
from presidents to ordinary peasants in
situations ranging from war to scientific
seminars, to visit many countries, to get
acquainted with the customs, traditions and
principles of so many peoples.
Translation is a very complex task. Despite the
emergence of automatic translation systems
based on artificial intelligence technologies,
translation has always been and will remain a
creative activity. If a person knows the basic
minimum of necessary information about
translation, he can ease the solution of the task
facing the translation, because this minimum
gives the translator the opportunity to fully
understand the task and correctly determine his
real ability to translate. For this, it is necessary to
master the skills and methods developed by
professional translators, as well as to make
effective use of the services of translation
bureaus. The style, direction, form and style of the
presentation of the material are also important.
Thanks to the work of skilled translators, our
ancestors were able to enjoy the works created by
the great poets and writers of the world, and now
we are enjoying them together with our children.
A person who does not have knowledge of a
language, without having knowledge of a specific
specialty and experience accumulated over the
years, will never be a good translator, even if he
knows a foreign language well. To the fact that
some intelligent and wise people tried to
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
74
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
Pages:
68-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
translate a certain text knowing that there is "no
difficulty", but when they opened the first page of
the original, they encountered problems that only
a professional translator could solve. I would not
be flattering to say that we have all witnessed
them admitting their lack of skills and putting the
translation aside. Why does this happen?
Because a professional translator knows not only
a foreign language, but also how to speak and
write correctly in his native language, he not only
has a wealth of vocabulary, but also knows how to
use this wealth correctly and skillfully, the
translation of a specific person can deliver the
necessary speech in the language of translation at
the required level. After all, in many cases, the live
language of foreigners is translated into the
language of the book, not into the non-literary
Uzbek language. It should not be forgotten that in
order to translate the text correctly, the translator
must have a clear enough idea of what the
conversation is about, and have knowledge of the
topic, even if not deep. That's why it is necessary
to have general perfection, knowledge, and a
broad level - qualities formed in the nature of a
good translator. A person's knowledge of his
specialty is a factor in his ability to translate
relevant texts if he is trained and has enough
experience as a translator.
C
ONCLUSION
In our opinion, rhetoric is the art of influencing
the listeners, attracting them to the topic,
interesting them and encouraging them to fight
for meritorious deeds, being able to express this
idea expressively, meaningfully and impressively.
Rhetoric requires the ability of the speaker to lead
and follow his audience towards his goals, to
convince him, to influence his mind and behavior
without leaving the cultural sphere.
Rhetoric requires the ability of the speaker to lead
and follow his audience towards his goals, to
convince him, to influence his mind and behavior
without leaving the cultural sphere.
According to Yu.V. Rozhdestvensky, today's
rhetoric includes the rules of writing and
maintaining documents, expressing monologues
and dialogues, discussions, polemics. This article
examines the features of rhetoric in ordinary
speech, that is, dialogues. In the rhetorical aspect,
it is observed that swearing has a special
significance in convincing a person of a certain
idea and encouraging him to do a certain work.
The word "swear" is interpreted as a responsible
word, an oath, which is spoken with the mouth of
someone's name in order to confirm one's truth,
the correctness of one's words, and the like, to
convince others.[13] When the speaker swears,
he tries to prove that his words are true, so that
the listeners do not doubt him. In this case, it is
observed that he swears by putting the closest
and dearest people, objects, and divine powers in
the middle. As a result, the listener's doubts about
the speaker decrease and feelings of trust
increase.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Педагогикадан атамалар луғати. —
Тошкент: Фан, 2008. —
196 б.
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
75
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
Pages:
68-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
2.
Ўзбекистон миллий энциклопедияси. 4
-
жилд. Зебуннисо
-
Конигил. —
Тошкент:
Ўзбекистон миллий энциклопедяси, 2002.
—
704 б.
3.
Базаров Т.Ю., Ерофеев А.К., Шмелов А.Г.
Коллективное
определение
понятия
«компетенции»: попытка извлечения
смысловых тенденций из размытого
экспертного
знания
//
Вестник
Московского университета. —Москва,
2014. № 1. Серия 14. Психология. —
С. 87–
99.
4.
Алиев И.Т. Педагогнинг касбий
компетентлиги // Узлуксиз таълим
тизимида ўқитувчиларни касбий
-
педагогик
компетентлигини
ривожлантириш муаммолари ва
истиқболлари: Респ. илмий
-
амалий
анжумани материаллари. —
Тошкент:
Низомий номидаги ТДПУ, 2013. —55 б.
5.
Маннопов Ж., Холматова А. Касб таълими
ўқитувчисининг
мустақил
педагогик
фаолият юрита олиш компетентлигини
шакллантириш // Узлуксиз таълим
тизимида ўқитувчиларни касбий
-
педагогик
компетентлигини
ривожлантириш муаммолари ва
истиқболлари: Респ. илмий
-
амалий
анжумани материаллари. —
Тошкент:
Низомий номидаги ТДПУ, 2013. —
209 б.
6.
“Инновацион таълим технологиялари ва
педагогик компетентлик” модули бўйича
ўқув
-
услубий мажмуа. —
Тошкент, 2017. —
230 б.
7.
Talapov B., Gapparov E. THE PROCESS OF
DEMOCRATIZING LOCAL COMMUNITY IN
THE
GOVERNMENT
//Scientific
and
Technical Journal of Namangan Institute of
Engineering and Technology.
–
2019.
–
Т. 1. –
№. 2. –
С. 177
-181.
8.
Талапов Б. А. Западная демократия: успехи
и противоречия //Научное обозрение:
теория и практика. –
2012.
–
№. 2. –
С. 30
-33.
9.
Талапов Б. А. Идеологические угрозы в
сознании
молодежи
под
маской"
демократии" //Credo New. –
2016.
–
№. 2. –
С. 14
-14.
10.
Talapov B. A. ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY IN
UZBEKISTAN:
DEVELOPMENT
AND
PROBLEMS //Scientific and Technical Journal
of Namangan Institute of Engineering and
Technology.
–
2019.
–
Т. 1. –
№. 3. –
С. 135
-
141.
