Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
128
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
128-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Pedagogical technology and the knowledge and experience of their application in music education ensure
that the students have knowledge and mature skills. Especially in the period of lessons with 5-7th graders,
it is required to carry out a proper analysis of the children's voice apparatus. This article is devoted to the
preparation of students to sing in music lessons and the proper training of their vocal apparatus.
K
EYWORDS
Music lessons, voice apparatus, student's vocal cords, vocal apparatus involved in singing, sound, sound
tempo, sound timbres, children's voices, choir.
I
NTRODUCTION
In order to solve the problems facing the musical
education system in the innovative processes
taking place at the present time, independent and
free-thinking individuals who are able to absorb
new information and evaluate their acquired
knowledge are needed. Therefore, the role and
importance of modern teaching methods -
interactive methods, innovative technologies in
the educational process of musical educational
institutions
is
incomparable.
Pedagogical
technology and the knowledge and experience of
their application in music education ensure that
the students have knowledge and mature skills.
Especially in the period of lessons with 5-7th
graders, it is required to carry out a proper
analysis of the children's voice apparatus.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
ISSUES OF STUDENTS' ORGANIZATION OF THE TECHNIQUE
OF WORKING WITH VOICE FROM MUSIC
Submission Date:
September 15, 2023,
Accepted Date:
September 20, 2023,
Published Date:
September 25, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-09-22
Karimov Saxob Baxromovich
Teacher Of The Department Of Music Education, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
129
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
128-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The human vocal apparatus is a complex "musical
instrument" of its own, which surpasses all other
musical instruments with its rich timbre and
extremely delicate musical expression. Because
the human voice reveals the true meaning of
musical speech as a result of the fusion of melody
and melody. In this regard, there is no musical
instrument equal to the human voice. That is why
the human voice is often referred to as a "talking
musical instrument".
The vocal apparatus consists of the throat, larynx,
larynx, trachea, vocal cords, resonators, and
various vocal cords.
The larynx acts as a sound-producing apparatus.
Hikkildok consists of ring-shaped and two horn-
like (three-cornered) uncles. They move back and
forth with the help of muscles. The lower part of
the thyroid gland, above the annular part of the
ring-shaped tendon, is made of elastic fibers. The
respiratory tract starts from the larynx walls of
the throat and spreads to the vocal folds. At both
ends of the vocal folds are the vocal cords, which
are made up of very thin fibers.
The human voice is formed by connecting with
each other with the help of the muscles of the
even and odd laryngeal membranes.
The larynx coming out of the breath hits the vocal
folds and vibrates and makes a sound.
The loudness and lowness of the sound depends
on the size and smallness of the laryngeal cavity,
the tension of the membranes, their length and
thickness, the contraction of the tongue and
larynx-laryngeal muscles. The larynx of women is
located higher than that of men, and that of
children is even higher.
It should also be said that a person does not make
a sound when he is exhaling freely, because at this
time the vocal folds are free, the vocal folds are
not tense, they are almost not in motion. As the
vocal fold begins to narrow, the sound begins to
emerge.
Children's voices and their description. Children's
voices are divided into treble (saprano) and alto.
Treble (saprano) is a high voice of children, its
range rises from the first octave "do" to the
second octave "fa-sol" (sometimes even higher).
Since the treble is a light, variable, soft (in the
upper register) sound, it can play all kinds of
melodies and melodies very impressively.
the lower voice of the alt-boys. It has a strong and
somewhat thick sounding timbre, but also has a
soft character in some cases. The range of the alto
sound is from the minor octave "sol-lya" to the II
octave "re-me" (sometimes-"fa").
It should be noted that if too high pitches of the
alto voice are used, children will sing strainedly,
and if too low pitches are used, the voice will
sound weak. Therefore, works written in a very
high tessitura are not recommended for
children's choirs. In this case, it is appropriate to
readjust the piece to the range of the children's
choir. the alt voice is weaker than the trebles.
Despite the fact that the second voice is assigned
to this voice in most cases, it sometimes leads the
main melody, in which the performance of this
voice sounds very smooth and expressive.
(Example 1)
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
130
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
128-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Chorus is divided into two main types:
Holistic (homogeneous) and mixed choirs;
All-sex choirs include: children's choir, women's
choir, men's choir.
Mixed choirs consist of different voices (women
and men). One-sex and mixed choirs can have
one, two, three, four or more voices in
appearance.
The children's choir is made up of elementary and
middle school students (boys and girls). It mainly
contains treble and alto voices. Any choir is made
up of certain groups of voices.
These groups are called parties. It should be
noted that choral parts are formed depending on
the melodious character and range of the singers'
voices.
The children's choir mainly consists of two voices.
The first is the treble-high voice, the second is the
alt-low voice.
The children's choir consists mainly of two-voice
scores. The first is the treble-high voice, the
second is the alt-low voice.
The children's choir is also in the following forms:
in a one-voice children's choir, it is sung in treble
and alto unison;
Two-voice children's choir consists of treble and
alto voice scores;
In a three-voice children's choir, the division of
one of the voice scores into two voices ("divisi")-
"divizi".
I treble or I alt
+ alt. + treble;
II treble II alt
Four-voice children's choir - two-voice division of
both scores
I treble I alt + II treble II alt
The general and working range of the children's
choir depends on the sheep.
The most used part of the audio range is called the
working range. The working range is shorter than
the general range.
Artistic expression is a form of revealing the
ideological content of the work. If the choir has
good pronunciation (intonation) and sound,
ensemble and word pronunciation, vocal-choir
technique, but its performance does not have
artistic expression, then the ideological and
artistic content of the work will not reach the
listeners.
Therefore, all the work carried out in the choir
must be closely related to artistic and expressive
performance. Zero reveals the essence of
expressive performance.
Artistic expression in performance excites the
hearts of listeners, fills them with joy, provides
spiritual nourishment and helps to imagine the
problems of the work.
3. Tessitura is an Italian word that means the
pitch of the notes is high or low. Tessitura is high,
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
131
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
128-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
middle and low, and accordingly, tessitura is
called comfortable and uncomfortable.
The choir team should have all kinds of artistic
expression tools, such as dynamic, rhythmic,
tempo, phrasing.
A piece of music is divided into parts and periods.
It forms a period of musical thought in a certain
part of the piece. Period is divided into sentences,
sentences into sentences, sentences into tones.
This (melody, phrase, sentence, period)
combining pieces of music into a single idea and
performing it while understanding its meaning is
called musical composition.
Musical phrasing is an important means of
expression. In the performance of a piece of
music, expressive performance with a clear
understanding of the sentences is of great
importance.
It is necessary to teach the choral team to perform
the musical language of the work, means of
expression and its logical development, in
general, with full understanding of the content of
the work.
Fluent performance of musical phrases, clearly
showing the main idea in the words and clearly
singing the culmination (climax) are correct and
expressive phrasing.
Sentence-dynamics, caesura, agogica, breath,
timbre, articulation, rhythm, tempo, fermato
include musical means of expression.
Vocal-choir education. It organizes the vocal-
choir work of the choir team. Vocal-choir complex
work creates a foundation for the successful work
of the choir. The quality level of vocal works in the
choir depends on the qualifications of the choir
teacher (conductor), vocal ability and pedagogical
skills. The purpose of vocal work in the choir is to
develop proper singing skills in students
(singers).
For vocal work:
1. working on the elements of the chorus
(achieving harmony, good words, pronunciation,
artistic means of expression);
2. correct breathing, building and forming vocal
sound;
3. such as making the members of the choir have
the same vocal skills.
The formation of important elements of the choir
depends on its vocal-choir technique. Vocal-choir
technique mainly includes breathing, sound
generation, stretching, dynamics and diction
skills.
If the choir does not have good vocal technique,
the performance of the uxor will have neither
harmony nor clear voice, pronunciation and
artistic expression. That is why it is always
necessary to develop and improve vocal-choir
techniques in the choir. Because in order to
achieve a good ensemble in the choir, the vocal
"fundamental" must be strong in order to achieve
the wording, dynamic stability, diction and timbre
colors. Singing instruction. Before singing,
students need to be ready for it, to take a certain
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
132
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
128-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
position. There are two types of this position:
singing while standing and singing while sitting.
When standing and singing, the div and head
should be straight and free, the feet should be
pressed on the ground with the same force, the
chest should be slightly raised and forward, the
hands should be kept straight and pulled back
imperceptibly, the hands should be lowered.
When singing while sitting, the head and div
should be held straight and free, the feet should
be pressed to the ground at a right angle, and the
hands should be placed freely on the knees. If the
div and back are bent, the sound will be weak
and unpleasant. That's why you should keep your
neck and head relaxed. The larynx and lower jaw
should not squeeze the throat, and the head (as
well as the tongue, mouth, face) should be kept
free. Also, there should be no signs of tension on
the face.
In general, it is the most comfortable situation for
the choir to sing standing up. The teacher should
always monitor the correct singing and sitting
position of the students in the choir.
breath It is known that a person breathes through
the respiratory organs, makes sounds using the
vocal apparatus, speaks and sings through the
articulatory apparatus. Therefore, breathing is
the basis of vocal-choir performance. Therefore,
proper breathing is one of the most important
elements of vocal-choir technique. It acts as a
foundation in the process of sound formation.
Breathing while singing is different from normal
breathing. When singing, the breath is taken
quickly and exhaled slowly. Breathing is divided
into three types:
Upper chest. The breath is taken to the upper part
of the chest and the hands are raised. This type of
breath is harmful. This type of breath is not used
in vocal-choir performance.
Chest-abdomen (middle rib-hip);
Mixed (lower costal-diaphragmatic or costo-
abdominal).
Breathing in the chorus is in the lower rib-
diaphragm method. This method should first be
explained to students (in amateur choirs) and
then demonstrated.
Depending on the tempo of the work, the length
of the sentences, the breath is taken in a rhythm,
fast, light, even, deep. Therefore, during
breathing, it is necessary to achieve a straight,
free position of the div and neck, not to raise the
kyphts, and to achieve a diaphragmatic breath.
Making a sound. It is a "product" of audio
equipment. The production of sound is called
phonation (from the Greek "fofno" - "sound").
A sound similar to singing occurs as a result of the
vibrations of the vocal cords and the amplification
of the sound by the resonators. So, the resulting
sound is amplified by resonators and gives
various timbre colors. What is the resonator
itself?
There are two types of resonators: upper and
lower.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
133
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
128-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The upper head resonator includes the larynx,
nose, and mouth above the vocal folds.
Resonators change their shape and size during
sound generation through the articulating
apparatus.
The upper register sounds of the range are called
the head resonator, and the lower register sounds
are called the chest resonator.
High or low pitch depends on the length or
shortness of the vocal folds, tension and airway
pressure. It also depends on the lower or higher
position of the respiratory organs.
The end of breathing and the beginning of sound
is called ataka. Ataka means "attasare" in Italian -
to attack. The word ataka is used in vocal-choir as
well as other music genres.
Vocal-choir performance has soft, hard and ataka
types after exhalation. The beginning of a soft soft
sound is called a soft ataka. The vocal cords of soft
ataka contract weakly as they begin to exhale.
The emergence (emission) of a sound from a hard
ear is called a hard ataka. In a severe attack, the
vocal folds tighten before exhalation.
Diction. Choral art is an art that organically unites
poetic creativity of music and literature.
The means of delivering the words of the literary
text (text) in the work to the audience is called
diction. Diction plays an important role in
revealing the ideological content of the work. If
the words clarify the poetic thought, the music
fills them with emotional (emotional) colors,
It deepens.
So, in vocal-choir music, words and music
complement each other and create an artistic
image.
Diction comes from the Latin "distio"-speech,
which means clear pronunciation of words.
Having a clear pronunciation technique is one of
the necessary elements of choral performance.
Since diction is the pronunciation of words, it is
also an artistic expression in performance.
Summarizing the above thoughts and opinions,
we came to the conclusion that the issue of
applying best practices to music education for
optimization in the process of interdisciplinary
integration based on the specifics of each
discipline is a very urgent issue.
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
09
Pages:
128-134
SJIF
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6.741
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