Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
46
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
46-50
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article analyzes the influence of alloying elements on aluminum alloys. The article examines the
influence on the properties of the alloy of elements such as silicon, magnesium, copper, which the authors
consider to be the main elements in an aluminum alloy.
K
EYWORDS
Aluminium, silicon, magnesium, copper, oxide, germanium, nickel, alloying elements.
I
NTRODUCTION
Aluminum alloys are of great importance in the
industry because of their amazing combination of
mechanical, physical and tribological properties.
These characteristics include high voltage, high
abrasion resistance, setting resistance, high
hardness, controlled coefficient of thermal
expansion and high temperature resistance.
These properties are obtained by alloying
elements, cold and heat treatment. Alloying
elements are selected depending on the degree of
exposure and compatibility. Alloy elements can
be classified as major and minor elements,
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Research Article
INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON ALUMINUM ALLOYS
Submission Date:
September 10, 2023,
Accepted Date:
September 15, 2023,
Published Date:
September 20, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-09-08
Sarvar Tursunbaev
Uzbek-Japan Innovation Center Of Youth, University Str. 2b, Tashkent City, Uzbekistan
Nodir Turakhodjaev
Uzbek-Japan Innovation Center Of Youth, University Str. 2b, Tashkent City, Uzbekistan
Shoxista Saidxodjayeva
Tashkent State Technical University, 100095, University 2, Tashkent City, Uzbekistan
Shohruh Hudoykulov
Tashkent State Technical University, 100095, University 2, Tashkent City, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
47
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
46-50
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
microstructure
modifiers,
and
non-pure
elements, although non-pure elements in some
alloys may be the main element. This part of the
dissertation examines the influence on the
microstructure and mechanical properties of
aluminum alloys of the main (si, Cu, Mg),
secondary (Ni, SN), microstructural-modifying
elements (Ti, B, SR, be, MN, CR) and pure elements
(Fe, Zn).The main alloying elements in aluminum
and aluminum alloys usually include silicon (si),
copper (CU) and magnesium (Mg).
M
ATERIALS AND RESEARCH
Silicon (Si) effect: Silicon is the most important
element of a single alloy used in most aluminum
casting alloys. It is primarily added for “good
fluidity” (high fluidity, low shrinkage), is a low
density substance (2.34 g/cm3), which gives the
advantage of reducing the total weight of the
casting component, and dissolves very little in
almost pure si aluminum, which improves
hardness and edibility. Si reduces the coefficient
of thermal expansion of Al-si alloys. When silicon
is added to aluminum, the machinability
deteriorates. Depending on the amount of Si
concentration in its mass, Al-si alloy systems are
divided into three large categories: pre-eutectic
(<12% by weight), eutectic (12-13% by weight),
post-eutectic (14-25% by weight).
G.T.Abdel-Jaber (Egypt) studied the silicon
content (3-15% I) in Al-si alloys, as well as their
hardness and mechanical properties compared to
fusibility. The solidification time also increased
with an increase in the si content, it was also
observed that the temperature of the liquid
decreases to 12%, which corresponds to the
percentage of silicon, while the tensile strength
increases slightly with an increase in the silicon
content from 3% to 8%. This is due to the eutectic
composition and early pre-eutectic silicon. With
an increase in the silicon content, the elongation
gradually increases, reaching a maximum at
which the si value was 12%. The minimum
elongation is achieved with a mold thickness of 10
mm and a maximum mold thickness of 30 mm.
This may be due to the influence of the degree of
solidification. It was found that an increase in the
silicon content leads to an increase in hardness,
reaching the maximum value of hardness when
the Si content in it is 12%, 70 MPa. Then the
decline began, and Si became 60mpa at 15%. This
is due to a change in the composition of the
eutectic with an increase in the silicon content, as
well as with the main silicon after eutectic. It was
also found that the thickness of the mold does not
have a clear effect on the hardness, and the full
eutectic composition is only perfectly compacted
and evenly distributed. The coefficient of friction
and the rate of corrosion of cast Al-si alloys have
also been studied, and it has been observed that
weight loss decreases with an increase in silicon
content up to 10%, and then increases slightly. A
high weight loss was observed in the manufacture
of a 10 mm thick mold, while in the manufacture
of a 30 mm thick mold, a smaller weight loss was
found due to the cooling effect and the presence
of Al2Si solid particles.
Germanium (Ge) effect: Tajik researchers
S.S.Gulov, I.N. Ganiev, A.E. Berdyev, R.X. Saidzoda,
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
48
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
46-50
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
DJ.T. In the research work of the Ashurmatovs on
the topic “The influence of Germanium and
strontium on the mechanical, technological and
structural state of the aluminum alloy of the
AK9M2 brand”, the change in its properties was
analyzed when Germanium was included in the
composition of the above-mentioned aluminum
alloy. The conducted studies show that the
introduction of Germanium into the alloy
increased its fluidity to 30%, and the porosity at
the inlet decreased to 10-12%. At the same time,
the researchers included up to 0.1-0.3%
(compared to the amount of charge) of
Germanium in the composition of the alloy.
Cu effect of copper: Copper affects the hardness
and strength of aluminum casting alloys both
during heat treatment and untreated, as well as at
high temperatures of outdoor and outdoor use. It
also improves the workability of alloys by
increasing the hardness of the matrix. On the
other hand, copper usually reduces the corrosion
resistance of aluminum and some alloys and
alloys, increasing the corrosion susceptibility. S.G.
Shabestari et al. (Iran) studied the influence of
copper state and hardness on the microstructure
and mechanical properties of Al-si-MG alloys. The
researchers used a356 grade aluminum alloy
with a copper content of 0.2 to 2.5% and cast
various solid states (sand, graphite, copper and
cast iron, iron molds). The highest tensile
strength of the alloys was determined by heat
treatment (T6), the degree of cooling of the mold
(graphite), as well as with a copper content of up
to 1.5%. The best mechanical properties were
manifested in graphite forms when AlSi dissolved
in Mg alloy about 1.5% Cu.
Magnesium Mg effect: Magnesium (Mg) improves
the hardening properties and strength of
aluminum. The use of magnesium as an alloying
element can lead to corrosion resistance and good
weldability or to a very strong consistency .
Silicon in combination with magnesium forms the
Mg2Si phase, which provides high hardness and
strength. Zhenggang Liu (China) investigated the
effect of Mg on the dispersion of graphite particles
in aluminum alloy matrix composites. At the same
time, Mg was studied by adding as a surfactant to
native aluminum to prevent clustering of graphite
particles, as well as to improve the physical and
mechanical properties of aluminum matrices. The
results show that the Mg content in graphite
increases with increasing. The correct amount of
Mg additive is useful for hardening aluminum
alloy matrix composites due to the mechanical
properties of graphite particles, as well as for
reducing materials and friction coefficient, which
depend on the uniform distribution of solid
particles.
The combined action of Mg (magnesium) and Si
(silicon): Shubin Ren et al. (China) studied the
effect of Mg and Si elements on the composition of
aluminum in infiltrated SICP/Al composites with
thermomechanical properties without pressure.
Mg and Si additives can improve the wetting of
aluminum with SIC aluminum. The results
showed that with a Si content below 6% or Mg
below 4%, the composites showed worse
thermophysical properties, since the porosity of
crude SICP/Al composites is lower due to the
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
49
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
46-50
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
relative density of their composites.These
composites are formed due to the low moisture
permeability between Al and Si. An increase in the
si content in an aluminum vessel leads to an
increase in the modulus of elasticity, stability of
thermal measurements and thermal conductivity
of composites, and also reduces the coefficient of
thermal expansion of composites. However, Si
above 12% can reduce the thermal conductivity
and bending strength of composites. The optimal
amount of mg additives to aluminum is 4-8%,
while
the
composites
exhibit
good
thermomechanical properties. However, as the
Mg content increases by 8%, the high porosity of
composites caused by low magnesium pressure
leads to a decrease in thermomechanical
properties.
C
ONCLUSION
From the above, it can be concluded that each
element in an aluminum alloy has a different
effect on its properties. Some elements serve to
improve its casting properties, while others serve
to improve its mechanical properties. Only what
element is introduced in what quantity and in
what condition becomes important in the
soldering process.
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