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THE IMPACT OF OBESITY AND METABOLIC DISORDERS ON THE RISK OF
ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES IN WOMEN
Sabirova Kh.T.
Tashkent State Dental Institute, Uzbekistan
Abstract
. This article examines the impact of obesity and metabolic disorders on the risk of
developing oncological diseases in women. The mechanisms of the influence of excess
weight, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and hormonal changes on carcinogenesis
are analyzed. Modern epidemiological research data are presented, and possible preventive
measures are discussed.
Keywords
: Obesity, Metabolic Disorders, Oncological Diseases, Women’s Health, Cancer
Risk,
Introduction.
Obesity is a global public health problem affecting millions of women
worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1], excess weight and
obesity are significant risk factors for various oncological diseases, including breast,
endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance,
hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation, play a key role in stimulating cell proliferation
and tumor development [2].
Methods
. This study analyzed scientific publications, clinical studies, and meta-analyses
assessing the relationship between obesity, metabolic disorders, and the risk of developing
oncological diseases in women.
Results and Discussion.
1.
Obesity as a risk factor
. Excess weight contributes to an increase in estrogen levels
due to the aromatization of androgens in adipose tissue, increasing the risk of hormone-
dependent tumors such as breast and endometrial cancer [3]. According to research, women
with a div mass index (BMI) >30 have a 20–40% increased risk of developing these types
of cancer [4].
2.
Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
. Metabolic disorders associated with
obesity lead to elevated levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which
promote uncontrolled cell division and inhibit apoptosis [5]. This creates favorable
conditions for tumor development, particularly endometrial cancer [2].
3.
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.
Obesity is associated with chronic
inflammation caused by the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and NF-
κB activation [5]. These mechanisms contribute to carcinogenesis by stimulating cell
proliferation and reducing the effectiveness of immune surveillance over tumor cells [4].
4.
The impact of obesity on therapeutic prognosis
. Patients with obesity demonstrate
a poorer response to chemotherapy and hormone therapy, which is associated with altered
drug pharmacokinetics and tumor cell resistance [3]. Additionally, high levels of
inflammation in the div reduce the effectiveness of immune mechanisms in combating
cancer cells [5].
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Prevention and Recommendations
. To reduce the risk of oncological diseases in women,
the following measures are recommended:
• Weight control and maintaining BMI within the normal range.
• Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week).
• A balanced diet rich in antioxidants and fiber, with reduced consumption of saturated fats
and simple carbohydrates.
• Monitoring glucose and insulin levels, especially in women with metabolic syndrome.
• Early detection programs and preventive screenings by endocrinologists and oncologists.
Conclusion.
Obesity and metabolic disorders have a significant impact on the risk of
oncological diseases in women. Weight control, physical activity, and a balanced diet are
key preventive measures. Further research is necessary to deepen the understanding of the
relationship between obesity and carcinogenesis, as well as to develop effective strategies
for reducing morbidity.
References.
1.
World Health Organization. Obesity and Cancer Risk. Geneva: WHO, 2022.
2.
Calle E. E., Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and
proposed mechanisms // Nature Reviews Cancer. 2004. Vol. 4. No. 8. P. 579-591.
3.
Renehan A. G., Tyson M., Egger M., Heller R. F., Zwahlen M. Body-mass index and
incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational
studies // The Lancet. 2008. Vol. 371. No. 9612. P. 569-578.
4.
Esposito K., Chiodini P., Colao A., Lenzi A., Giugliano D. Metabolic syndrome and
risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Diabetes Care. 2012. Vol. 35. No. 11.
P. 2402-2411.
5.
Iyengar N. M., Gucalp A., Dannenberg A. J., Hudis C. A. Obesity and cancer
mechanisms: tumor microenvironment and inflammation // Journal of Clinical Oncology.
2016. Vol. 34. No. 35. P. 4270-4276.
