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GENERAL ISSUES OF DIRECTING CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL
DISABILITIES TOWARDS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Yuldasheva D.T.
Qoqon State University;
Associate Professor at the Department of Special Pedagogy
Annotation:
This article analyzes the opportunities for students with developmental disabilities
to acquire specializations in selected professions that align with deepened specialized and
differentiated teaching, ensuring intellectual development, and their physical development
characteristics. The importance of the role of the state and educators is emphasized.
Keywords:
persons with disabilities, school, opportunity, state, education, profession,
upbringing, society, educator, disabled, career guidance, conditions.
After our republic gained independence, there have been significant changes in the field of
education, just like many other changes in our country. In particular, issues such as providing
education and upbringing for children with disabilities and helping them find their place in
society have been elevated to the level of state policy. In our country, just as healthy individuals
do, people with disabilities also have the right to be active in society and find their place.It is
necessary to create conditions for them to acquire professions based on their capabilities. The
main goal of career guidance is for the younger generation to consciously choose the profession
they prefer, and this process involves the formation of the individual as a subject of future
professional activity, helping them adapt to market economic relations. Such individuals should
be considered as having a practical system for free and independent selection during career
guidance. Factors such as the individual psychological characteristics of each person and the
necessity to fully ensure labor resources from the perspective of the interests of the national
economy must be taken into account when choosing a profession. Career guidance is a targeted
activity that helps young people choose a profession in accordance with their interests, skills,
abilities, and the needs of various professions in society. To fulfill the requirements of the laws
of the Republic of Uzbekistan regarding 'Education' and 'Social Protection of Persons with
Disabilities', our government is undertaking significant efforts to create favorable conditions for
children and adolescents with disabilities in the republic. According to the decision No. 100 of
the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 17, 2017, regarding the
"Activities of specialized vocational colleges for persons with disabilities," a legal basis has
been established for vocational education to meet the needs of persons with disabilities. The
specialized vocational college ensures equal rights for disabled adolescents and young people to
acquire professions based on the "List of specializations and professions" approved by the joint
decision of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education, the Center for Secondary
Special and Vocational Education, the Ministry of Economy, and the Ministry of Health. It is
essential to create conditions for persons with disabilities to acquire knowledge and skills in
their specialization and to meet the needs for vocational education services, which is the
primary task of pedagogical staff. Therefore, in implementing general education and vocational
programs within the framework of state education standards, it is necessary to deepen the
students' knowledge and levels of vocational training that are essential and adequate for
studying according to the chosen profession, continuing education in subsequent stages, and
engaging in labor activities. In this context, the special educational plans and programs
developed based on the state education standards, approved by the Ministry of Higher and
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Secondary Specialized Education in coordination with the Ministry of Labor and Social
Protection of the Population, will be established.
The educational process assists in the formation of students' personalities, their social
adaptation, and integration into society, alongside professional and practical skills. For students
with limited opportunities, the duration of study in their chosen professions is determined based
on the necessary and sufficient educational load, taking into account the total volume of
educational requirements for individuals with limited opportunities in the relevant specialties
and professions of secondary and vocational education. In this context, the number and
complexity of the chosen professions are considered. The admission of students to education is
carried out based on general secondary education, taking into account their voluntary choice of
study directions. In the admissions process, medical recommendations are considered for
individuals with disabilities according to the list of specialties and professions. The process of
students choosing a profession is a uniquely complex and strictly sequential one, which can
result in more misunderstandings if taken seriously.
Moreover, in choosing a profession, as with all choices, the issue of changing preferences over
time arises. As each individual ages, the interests of students with developmental challenges
will also change, and as a result, their choices regarding professions may change over time. It is
essential for students to be introduced to the importance and necessity of all the professions
they need to learn in a comfortable and engaging way. For this purpose, it is recommended to
organize production excursions to school workshops and enterprises. Students get initially
acquainted with public production work here, through the labor of their parents. The success of
parents in educating their children depends on how prepared the students are to master the labor
tasks assigned to them and to perform exercises based on the knowledge they have acquired.
Such children may not fully grasp all stages of work due to the peculiarities of their
psychological development. The distinctive feature of the auxiliary school is that the
educational direction is clearly expressed, with a preparatory level carried out before each new
stage. The teacher plays a leading role in addressing the tasks of correction and guidance. Only
if the educational process is implemented methodically correctly, it is possible to successfully
correct the deficiencies in the psychophysiological development of students with limited
capabilities. The special education teacher must know their subject matter well, carefully
choose educational materials, teaching methods, visual aids, and didactic materials that help in
the all-round development of children. The global pedagogical community recognizes the
improvement of secondary general education as an important factor in producing and guiding
students towards their vocational training.In guiding the youth towards careers, it is necessary
to consider the specific abilities of students and the distribution of labor resources in accordance
with the interests of society. Career guidance is a system based on preparing each individual to
choose a bright and independent profession, taking into account their particular qualities and the
economic interests of the national economy, as well as fully considering the labor market.
Consistent measures are being taken in our country to protect the rights and interests of
individuals with disabilities, create an accessible environment, and integrate them into society.
In summary, it can be said that today the support for individuals with developmental
deficiencies or limited potential has been elevated to a state level. The fair policies and
initiatives being carried out in our country to ensure human interests are bringing joy equally to
all our compatriots. By effectively utilizing these opportunities, each of our compatriots is
achieving new successes in realizing their life goals. This is, in fact, an expression of the unity
between the people and the state, which is advancing the development of New Uzbekistan to a
new phase.
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