International scientific journal
“Interpretation and researches”
Volume 1 issue 1 (47) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
49
QUANTUM MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF ATOMS IN THE ELECTRIC
FIELD AND THE STARK EFFECT FOR NANOSCALE SYSTEMS
Abdurafiqov Hayotbek Hislatjon oʻgʻli
Abdurafiqovhayotbek92@gmail.com
Qurbonaliyev Qobiljon Qosimjon o‘g‘li
student of Physics And Astronomy, Department of Exact And Natural Sciences,
Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu annotatsiya atomlarning elektr maydonidagi kvant
mexanik tahlilini o'z ichiga oladi. Elektr maydonlari atomlarning energetik
darajalariga va ularning kvant holatlariga ta'sir ko'rsatadi, bu esa atomlarning fizik va
kimyoviy xususiyatlarini o'rganishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Atomlar, o'z ichida
elektr zaryadiga ega bo'lgan protonlar va neytronlardan iborat yadrolar va atrofida
harakat qilayotgan elektronlardan tashkil topgan. Elektr maydonlari, atomlarning
energiya darajalarini o'zgartirish va kvant holatlarini boshqarish imkonini beradi.
Ushbu jarayonlar kvant mexanikasi yordamida tahlil qilinadi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Atom, elektr maydon, kvant mehanika, stark effekti, elektr
maydon, nanoo‘lchamli Sistema.
Annotation.
This annotation includes a quantum mechanical analysis of the
electric field of atoms. Electric fields affect the energy levels of atoms and their
quantum states, which is important in studying the physical and chemical properties
of atoms. Atoms are composed of nuclei consisting of protons and neutrons, which
have electric charges inside them, and electrons moving around them. Electric fields
make it possible to change the energy levels of atoms and control their quantum
states. These processes are analyzed using quantum mechanics.
Key words:
Atom, electric field, quantum mechanics, stark effect, electric field,
nanoscale system.
Quantum mechanical analysis of atoms in an electric field studies the electronic
structure of an atom and its interaction with an electric field. This process is mainly
based on quantum mechanics and involves the following basic concepts. Atoms
consist of a collection of quantum states, each state characterized by its own energy
level and quantum number. Electrons are located in specific orbits within an atom.
The Schrödinger equation is used to determine the electronic structure of an atom
This equation allows us to calculate the correct electron motion and energy levels.
2
Kh.I. Akbarov Quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry. Text of lectures. Tashkent, TashSU, 2000.
International scientific journal
“Interpretation and researches”
Volume 1 issue 1 (47) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
50
Atoms are composed of nuclei consisting of protons and neutrons, which have
electric charges inside them, and electrons moving around them. Electric fields make
it possible to change the energy levels of atoms and control their quantum states.
These processes are analyzed using quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics, wave mechanics is a branch of theoretical physics that
studies the laws of motion of very small particles (elementary particles, atoms,
molecules, etc.). At the beginning of the 20th century, a number of factors made it
impossible to explain such phenomena as the stability of atoms, the photoeffect,
radioactivity, and black div radiation on the basis of classical mechanics and
classical electrodynamics, which led to the emergence of quantum mechanics. The
work of scientists such as Max Planck, Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr laid the
foundation for the creation of quantum mechanics.
The conclusions obtained when applying the laws of classical physics to very
small mass particles required a radical change of classical ideas. In classical physics,
it is assumed that the values of the radiation energy of a heated div are continuous.
In 1900, M. Planck studied the conditions for the equilibrium of electromagnetic
radiation in matter did.
He hypothesized that radiant energy can only have continuous (quantized)
values when emitted or absorbed. In 1905, A. Einstein investigated the phenomenon
of electron emission (photoeffect) out of light falling metals and came to the
conclusion that energy is not only absorbed or emitted, but also exists in the form of
radiation quantum - photon. Photon energy: equal to Ehv, where h is Planck's
constant and v is the frequency of electromagnetic radiation.
An electric field affects the electrons of an atom and can change their behavior.
The strength of an electric field can deform the orbits of electrons and change the
energy levels of an atom. The interaction between electrons and the atomic nucleus is
carried out through electrostatic forces. This interaction determines the total energy
level of the atom. Quantum numbers are used to define the orbits and energy levels of
electrons. Based on these numbers, the location and energy states of electrons are
determined. Quantum mechanical analysis of atoms in an electric field is important
for many scientific studies and technological applications, such as in the production
of semiconductors, lasers and other modern materials.
The Stark effect represents the change in energy levels of atoms or molecules
under the influence of an electric field. This effect was discovered by Johann Stark in
1913 and is one of the important phenomena of quantum mechanics. The Stark effect
in nanoscale systems includes the following aspects. Nanoscale systems refer to
materials and structures with dimensions in the range of 1-100 nanometers. At this
size, quantum effects, such as quantum confinement and discreteness of quantum
3
Yulchibaev A.A. Quantum chemistry textbook, Tashkent, TashSU, 1981, 1988, 1989.
International scientific journal
“Interpretation and researches”
Volume 1 issue 1 (47) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
51
states, are important. In nanoscale systems, the Stark effect is expressed in the
following aspects. The energy levels of nanoscale systems change under the influence
of an electric field. This is important for nanoscale structures such as quantum dots or
nanotubes.
The Stark effect affects the optical properties of nanoscale systems. Under the
influence of an electric field, absorption and emission of photons changes, which
changes the optical spectrum of the material.
In nanoscale systems, the Stark effect causes changes in parameters (such as
fluorescence and absorbance coefficients) depending on the strength and direction of
the electric field. The Stark effect in semiconductor materials is important in the
study of electron transport properties and in the development of new electronic
devices. In nanoscale optoelectronic devices, such as lasers and photodetectors,
energy levels can be controlled through the Stark effect. The Stark effect can be used
to develop nanoscale sensors for electric field measurement. The Stark effect is one
of the basic concepts of quantum mechanics in nanoscale systems. widely used in
modern science and technology.
List of used literature:
1. Kh.I. Akbarov Quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry. Text of lectures.
Tashkent, TashSU, 2000.
2. Meleshina L.M. Course quantum mechanics for Khimikov. M.:
Vosshayaschool, 1980.
3. Zagradnik R., Polok R. Basic quantum chemistry. M.: Mir, 1979.
4. Krasnov K.O. Molekulo' i khimicheskaya svyaz. M.: Chemistry, 1984.
International scientific journal
“Interpretation and researches”
Volume 1 issue 1 (47) | ISSN: 2181-4163 | Impact Factor: 8.2
52
5. Minkin I., Simkin P.Ya., Minyaev R.M. Theory of stroene molecule. M.:
Chemistry, 1979.
6. Roberts Dj. Rascheto' po method MO. M.: Mir, 1970.
7. Levich V.G., Vdovin Yu.A., Myamlin V.A. The course is theoretical physics.
T.2, M., 1971.
8. Higasi N., Baba R., Rembaum A. Quantum organic chemistry. M.: Mir, 1967.
9. Bazilevsky M.A. MMO i reactive organic ability molecule. M.: Chemistry,
1969.
10. Yulchibaev A.A. Quantum chemistry textbook, Tashkent, TashSU, 1981,
1988, 1989.
