“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869
459
Analysis of the design of stone holders in cotton cleaning processes
Assistant:
Imomnazarov Khurshidbek Khushnazar’s boy
Student of group 88-21
Tojimatova Feruza Mamaro‘zi’s girl
Abstract:
This article analyzes the design of stone holders used in cotton
ginning technological processes and proposes an improved design of stone holders.
Keywords:
cottonseed, stone crusher, heavy mixture, pockets, pneumatic
transport, speed, air pressure
Introduction.
Comprehensive measures are being implemented to develop
the cotton sector, modernize and technically re-equip cotton ginning enterprises,
increase the profitability of production and processing of cotton raw materials, as
well as the competitiveness of manufactured products.
Because the ever-increasing demand for cotton and its products indicates the
need to use modern equipment and technologies in the cotton ginning industry. One
of the current goals is to radically improve the management system of the cotton
sector, expand the production of competitive and high-quality finished products with
high added value, and further export them to major foreign markets. And a number
of new projects are being developed in this direction.
The efficiency of the equipment installed in the technological process of
cotton ginning enterprises, their uninterrupted operation, has a significant impact on
the composition of cotton. Heavy impurities in the cotton content cause damage to
the working parts of the ginning machines and the teeth of the saws of gins and
linters during its processing. Such a change leads to damage to the seeds and fibers
during the separation of fiber from the seed in the gin. This in turn leads to a decrease
in the cleaning efficiency of cotton ginning machines and the inclusion of more
cotton pieces in the waste. In addition, heavy impurities can cause fires as a result
of hitting the metal and working bodies of the processing machines. Therefore, the
ingress of heavy impurities into the working chambers of cotton processing
machines has always been the focus of attention of scientists and industry experts in
this field, and they have been looking for ways to completely retain heavy impurities
in the air-carrying device.
“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869
460
D.L. Kelbert [1] conducted a study on the causes of fires in the process of
separating fiber from the grain in the saw teeth of cotton ginners, gins and linters. It
was determined that this was mainly caused by metal fragments (nails, nuts,
washers) in the composition of heavy alloys. The composition of heavy alloys
trapped by stone traps installed in the technological process of cotton ginners is
shown.
The principle of operation of the air-assisted conveyor is that atmospheric air,
under the flow formed due to the pressure difference, carries the transported material
along with it and pushes it into the pipe. The cotton moves in a suspended state inside
the pipe and reaches the separator. The separator separates the material from the
carrier air and transfers it to the next technological unit.
The advantage of the suction air conveyor is that the working pipeline system
can be easily and conveniently changed depending on the location of the cotton
ginning plants, and the length of the pneumatic line can be extended by connecting
additional pipes to the initial pipes. The production capacity of the air conveyor
depends on the production capacity of the cotton ginning plant. For an advanced
cotton ginning plant with one battery, it is 10 tons per hour.
With the growth of the cotton production rate, the cotton processing industry
sets itself the task of increasing production capacity, increasing the productivity of
equipment, and improving product quality. The implementation of these tasks is
largely dependent on the operation of the air conveyor installed in the area. Because
it is directly integrated into the continuous technological process of the cotton
ginning plant and is an important part of its initial and working rate.
Stone holders are divided into two types depending on the installation
location. The first is linear stone holders. They are located in the line of the air
conveyor and are installed before the separator. The second is non-linear stone
holders, which are installed after the separator.
In order to achieve the highest possible retention of heavy impurities and
metal fragments in the cotton, it is necessary to study the movement of cotton in the
separation chamber of the devices created. The intended purpose is to determine the
trajectories of cotton and heavy impurities in the working chambers of newly created
multi-pocket radial and cylindrical stone holders. Using this trajectory, it will be
possible to determine the location of the pockets and elastic plates in the working
“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869
461
chamber. Currently, the following stone holders and their improved designs are in
operation at cotton ginning enterprises.
2CHTL heavy duty mixing device.
1-pipe for transferring cotton seeds into the device, 2- aspiration
chamber, 3- return wall, 4- heavy impurities separator, 5- pipe for
transferring cotton seeds from the device, 6- observation hatch.
In order to increase the efficiency of the stone catcher, that is, to capture and
separate heavy impurities in the cotton seed coming from the pneumatic transport
system, new designs of multi-pocket stone catcher have been proposed. When
analyzing the designs of the proposed stone catcher, the following factors were
identified and analyzed.
In this case, in order to achieve the highest level of capture of heavy impurities
in the cotton by the multi-pocket stone catcher, it is necessary to determine the most
convenient location of the pockets. That is, cotton and heavy objects, having
different specific masses and speeds, move along different trajectories in the
transition areas during air transportation. Since heavy objects have a larger mass
“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869
462
than cotton and move along different trajectories, it is necessary to know where to
install the pocket stone catcher separation chamber to capture them.
Proposed heavy impurities capture device
1- inlet pipe; 2 – diverter; 3 – separation chamber;
4 – pockets; 5 – receiving device; 6 – separator; 7 – outlet pipe.
When determining the location of the pockets in the working chamber,
possible situations of movement of cotton and heavy mixtures along the height of
the pipe were taken. In this case, cotton and heavy mixtures were mainly studied in
two cases in the pipes. In the first case, we consider that cotton and heavy mixtures
move along the central axis of the pipe and in the middle of its lower plane. In the
second case, we assume that cotton and heavy mixtures move in the area between
the central axis of the pipe and its upper plane. Having studied the movements of
cotton and heavy mixtures inside the pipe in these cases, we determined the
coordinates of the intersection points of their movement trajectories with the pipe
“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869
463
walls. Based on the obtained points, the first pocket is installed in the lower part of
the working chamber. Heavy mixtures with large sizes mainly fall into it.
The second pocket is installed in a stepped manner at a certain distance after
the first pocket, and mainly medium-sized heavy impurities fall into it. The third
pocket has the ability to retain small impurities from the cotton content. As a result
of the theoretically based installation of these pockets, the loss of cotton with heavy
impurities is also reduced. In addition, the stepped installation of the pockets causes
the cotton moving in the form of pieces to vibrate as a result of impact. This vibration
also makes it possible to separate heavy impurities that are well bonded to the cotton.
Conclusion.
As a result of the analysis of the designs of stone traps, according
to the operating processes of the currently operating stone traps, the use of multi-
pocket designs compared to the 1st pocket leads to an improvement in the efficiency
of the processes of retaining heavy impurities in the cotton content.
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