“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 02, 2025. FEBRUARY
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869
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PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES FOR EARLY DETECTION AND
TREATMENT OF BRUCELLOSIS DISEASE.
Kibriev Bexroz Abdurakhmonovich
Termez University of Economics and Service, Faculty of Medicine
Sulaymonova Hilola
Termez University of Economics and Service, Faculty of Medicine
Abstract
: This article examines how important the spread of brucellosis among
people is today and measures to prevent its spread. Epidemiological features of the
disease, spreading factors and diagnostic methods were analyzed in the study. The
focus is on the implementation of effective preventive measures against the disease,
including vaccination programs, compliance with sanitary and hygiene rules, and
raising awareness of the population. The article describes strategies for the
prevention of whooping cough.
Key words
: brucellosis, epidemiology, prevention, vaccines, immunization,
diagnostics, sanitary hygiene, disease spread.
Access
.Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by various Brucella species that
mainly infects cattle, pigs, goats, sheep and dogs. People usually contract the disease
through direct contact with infected animals, eating or drinking contaminated animal
products, or breathing airborne substances. Most cases result from consumption of
unpasteurized milk or cheese from infected goats or sheep
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonoses transmitted by animals, and
human brucellosis in endemic areas has serious consequences for public health.
Expansion of the livestock industry and urbanization, lack of hygienic measures in
animal husbandry and food processing are partially responsible for the public health
risk of brucellosis.
The global burden of human brucellosis remains enormous. The
organism causes more than 500,000 infections per year worldwide. In the United
States, the annual number of reported cases (about 100) has decreased significantly
due to aggressive animal vaccination programs and pasteurization of milk. Most of
the cases in the US have been linked to consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 02, 2025. FEBRUARY
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869
295
imported from Mexico. About 60% of human brucellosis cases in the United States
occur in California, Texas, Arizona, and Florida.
In addition to the possibility of
using Brucella disease as a biological weapon, interest in brucellosis is increasing
due to the increase in international tourism and migration events. [ 7 ] Familiarity
with the presentation of brucellosis and knowledge of optimal laboratory
investigations are essential to recognize this re-emerging zoonosis. B melitensis, B
abortus, and B suis have been fully sequenced, and these sequence data will
contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis and presentation of this complex
disease
The main part
Treatment and care. Brucellosis usually causes flu-like symptoms, including
fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss. However, the disease can manifest itself
in many atypical forms. In most patients, the symptoms are mild and therefore the
diagnosis can be ignored. The incubation period of the disease can be very variable,
from 1 week to 2 months, but usually 2-4 weeks.
Treatment regimens included doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 45 days and
streptomycin 1 g daily for 15 days. The main alternative therapy is doxycycline at a
dose of 100 mg, twice a day for 45 days, as well as rifampicin 15 mg / kg / day (600-
900 mg) for 45 days. Experience shows that streptomycin can be replaced by 5
mg/kg of gentamicin per day for 7-10 days, but currently there is no study that
directly compares the two regimens. Optimal treatment for pregnant women,
newborns, and children under 8 years of age has not yet been determined; options
for children include trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) combined
with an aminoglycoside (streptomycin, gentamicin) or rifampicin.
Brucellosis is usually spread when an animal aborts or gives birth. High levels
of bacteria are found in the birth fluids of an infected animal. The bacteria can live
outside the animal for months, especially in cool, moist conditions. They become
contagious to other animals who ingest the bacteria. Bacteria also colonize the udder
and contaminate the milk.
The disease can also be transmitted to animals and humans through skin cuts
or mucous membranes.
“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 02, 2025. FEBRUARY
ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869
296
Brucellosis is an important disease in wildlife, infecting wild boar, bison, elk,
and European rabbits. A reservoir of diseases in wildlife complicates eradication
efforts.Bacteria have also been found in marine mammals.
Conclusion
. In preventing the spread of brucellosis, comprehensive
approaches such as vaccination, compliance with sanitary and hygiene rules and
training of medical personnel play an important role. The preventive measures
implemented in this direction are effective and make it possible to significantly
reduce the spread of the disease. However, these measures need to be further
improved and expanded. It is very important to implement effective preventive
measures to prevent the spread of brucellosis. In particular, increasing the awareness
of the population about the disease is the main means of reducing the spread of the
disease. Brucellosis can be prevented and spread by improving vaccination programs
and health care. The results of this study showed that the state programs
implemented in the prevention and treatment of brucellosis are effective, but there
is a need to further expand the work in this regard and introduce innovative
technologies.
Used literature
1.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/brucellosis
2
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/213430-overview
3.
https://www.woah.org/en/disease/brucellosis/
4.https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
5.https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/brucellosis
