RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR DAVRIDA TARJIMASHUNOSLIK VA LINGVISTIKA: ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLAR TADQIQI” nomli ilmiy
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ACHIEVEMENTS AND SHORTCOMINGS OF
TRANSLATION OF CURRENT SCIENTIFIC WORKS
Ziyadullayeva Mohira
Teacher of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
Mamadaliyev Hikmatillo
Student of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
Abstract —
One of the main areas of attention is the study of language and terminological difficulties associated with the
translation of scientific literature. To help translators in their work, this includes identifying field-specific terminology,
investigating ways to resolve linguistic difficulties, and creating specialized dictionaries and databases.
Keywords
— translatability, terminology, philosophy, classification multiplication, formulation, formulation, analgin.
1.
I
NTRODUCTION
As a result of changes in the scientific paradigm that began in the 70s. and expressed in the fact that language is conceived not as
an imminent system, but as a system constituting a constitutive property of a person, the attention of linguists focused on the
cognitive aspects of language, indicated, who believed that “to study the functioning of language in its the widest scope” is to study
it “about the activity of thinking and sensory perception. For example, Volkova Z. believes that the main issue in translation theory
is the problem of translatability [7, 24].
By “translatability” this author understands the possibility of accurately conveying the thoughts of the original author with all their
nuances, and emerging associations, and preserving the author’s style using the target language. Many prominent linguists abroad
have questioned this possibility. Indeed, one cannot completely deny the thesis of untranslatability, since in any language there are
always linguistic categories for which there are no correspondences in another language, and this, to one degree or another, affects
the invariance of meaning during translation.
2.
M
AIN PART
Lack of correspondence is a relatively rare occurrence. A similar position is held by [3, 7], who points out that only those
individual elements of the original language that appear to be deviations from the general norm of the language, tangible about this
particular language, are untranslatable, i.e. mainly dialecticisms and those words of social jargon that have a strong local
connotation. In this work, we will adhere to the position of Alekseeva L [1, 9]. Who believes that the translation of a scientific text
is a special type of communication, and the model of the translator’s speech activity is one of the components of cognitive activity?
It should be noted that despite the development of a general translation methodology. The features of the scientific and technical
text were most clearly highlighted by Komissarov V [5, 8].
Therefore, many words belong to the vocabulary of everyday speech and have the nominative function of the term. For example:
put out - in everyday speech - “put out the fire”, and for sailors - “go out to sea”, stroke - in ordinary speech - “blow”, and for
mechanics - “piston stroke”, hoe - generally “hoe”, and for a builder - “backhoe”, etc. This property of words is a particularly
dangerous source of difficulties and errors for a novice translator. The frequency of use of words from the main vocabulary differs
from the general literary language. The vocabulary of scientific and technical literature is much poorer than the vocabulary of
works of art. A term is a word that is necessarily correlated with a specific unit of the corresponding logical-conceptual system in
terms of content. Golovin B. and Kobrin R. propose their concept, based on which they classify terms [4, 21].
The deep characteristic of terms allows us to separate them from other units of language and dismember the entire set of terms.
This deep feature of terms is their designation of general concepts. Since there are several types of general concepts, different types
of terms can be identified. First of all, the most general concepts of matter and its attributes are highlighted, which are called
categories (matter, space, time, quantity, quality, measure, and others). Accordingly, terms that denote categories are a type of
category terms. Further, at each stage of the development of human knowledge, in each era, a certain number of general scientific
and general technical concepts appear that are used in any science (branch of technology) (system, structure, method, law in
science, reliability in technology).
All of the above types of concepts find their linguistic embodiment in types of terms. Category terms, general scientific and general
technical terms, interdisciplinary terms, and special terms are distinguished (examples were given when listing the types of
concepts). It is known that typology is the basis of classification. In this sense, the typology of terms described here - the division
of terms according to their most important features - represents the actual terminology classification of terms. In particular, in the
same system of K. Linnaeus, the names of taxa (terms of observation) include the names of taxonomic categories: Betulapubescens
RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR DAVRIDA TARJIMASHUNOSLIK VA LINGVISTIKA: ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLAR TADQIQI” nomli ilmiy
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191
- downy birch. It falls, generally speaking, into as many classes as there are sciences at a certain stage of scientific and
technological progress; and in each class of physical, chemical, and other terms there are as many groupings (terminal systems) as
there are various independent theories for describing physical, chemical and other objects and patterns. As for the differences
between the so-called scientific-technical and socio-political terminology, then, first of all, political sciences (theory of state and
law, international relations, and others), according to the unanimous opinion of experts, are included in the number of social
sciences, and therefore political terms include.
Nevertheless, the classification of terms according to the object of naming is extremely important: it reflects the level of science
and development of the social structure at a certain stage. In addition to the terms of social sciences (political economy, sociology,
ethnography), the socio-cultural sphere includes the so-called socio-political vocabulary. A strict distinction between terms (of
social sciences) and socio-political vocabulary is important, in particular, for the construction of information languages.
Classification of terms according to the object of naming within individual areas of knowledge is the most detailed classification of
terms. The third meaningful classification of terms is based on the logical category of the concept that is denoted by the term. The
terms of objects (mammals), and processes (multiplication, office work, compression) are distinguished; signs, properties (cold
brittleness), quantities, and their units (current strength, ampere). Linguistic classifications of terms are based on the characteristics
of terms as words or phrases of a certain language. First of all, the terms words are highlighted. They, in turn, are divided into root
(water), derivatives (preposition, divider, re-grading), complex (social studies, biosphere), compound abbreviations (capital
investments), as well as words of an unusual structure - telescopic (radio tape recorder - from tape recorder + radio), with reverse
order of sounds, chain formations (synthesis gas, 2,5-dimethyl-5-ethyl-3-isopropylheptane, ridge-ridge-ridge system). Next, terms
and phrases are highlighted.
The most common structures here are combinations of a noun with an adjective, a noun with a noun in the indirect case (degree of
freedom), and a noun with another noun as an appendix (seamstress-minder). There are also verbose terms, sometimes consisting
of more than 5 words (filtration potential of spontaneous polarization in a well – GOST term). Characteristic phenomena in the
formal structure of terms are truncation of single-word terms (cinema – from film or cinema) and abbreviation (abbreviation) of
multi-word terms. Because there are several positions of different authors on this issue, we will consider them sequentially from
the position. So, Aristov N believes that the main problem when translating scientific and technical texts is precisely the translation
of terms [2, 32]. This is because terms in any scientific text are frequent and play an important semantic role in it. On this occasion,
Levitskaya’s work points out that when translating scientific and scientific-technical texts, in the vast majority of cases, ready-
made terms that already exist in the relevant branch of scientific literature are used. The stock of special scientific (or scientific and
technical) knowledge in this area cannot, of course, be replaced by the skillful use of dictionaries, although it is necessary.
3.
C
ONCLUSION
From the point of view of semantics, terms are distinguished – free phrases (muffle furnace, certificate of residence) and stable
(including phraseological) phrases (universal gravity). The classification of terms according to their formal structure is very
detailed. First of all, the terms words are highlighted. They, in turn, are divided into root (water), derivatives (preposition, divider,
re-grading), complex (social studies, biosphere), compound abbreviations (capital investments), as well as words of an unusual
structure - telescopic (radio tape recorder - from tape recorder + radio), with reverse order of sounds, chain formations (synthesis
gas, 2,5-dimethyl-5-ethyl-3-isopropylheptane, ridge-ridge-ridge system). Next, terms and phrases are highlighted. The most
common structures here are combinations of a noun with an adjective, a noun with a noun in the indirect case (degree of freedom),
and a noun with another noun as an appendix (seamstress-minder).
4.
R
EFERENCES
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