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ECOLOGY AND GLOBALIZATION
SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL AND DIALECTIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE PROCESSES
Q. Sulaymanov
Associate Professor, Fergana State University,
Candidate of Historical Sciences
Abstract: This article analyzes the characteristics of ecology and
globalization processes, social life and globalization processes, the role of
information in the globalization of the economy, the emergence and rapid
development of information and communication and computer technologies.
Keywords: globalization , ecology , economy, information, information and
communication, computer technologies, information society, information systems,
telecommunications.
Humanity is facing global challenges. These include integration, global
information dissemination, energy, urbanization, terrorism, demographic explosion,
depletion of the ozone layer, the problem of clean water, deforestation, desertification
of vast areas, the gradual decline of biodiversity, health care, the study of the world 's
oceans, meeting the growing demand for food, energy, and resources of the growing
population[1], and other problems that have emerged and are becoming the most
important task for humanity.
is a single system that knows no borders. A global problem is a set of universal
human problems that currently concern the whole world and individual states and
regions. These problems arise from the development of human activity and the
complexity of the relationship between society and nature [ 2].
Currently, the interaction of nature and society - the broader issues of their
relationship - include the complex problems of society's transformation of nature, the
assimilation of global, new objects, that is, the re-appropriation of nature by man. As
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society's relationship with nature deepens and becomes more complex, the impact on
nature increases.
One of the laws of interaction between society and the biosphere is the
exchange of substances between them. This process occurs on the basis of production
. It is known that the entire surface of the Earth's surface (both land and water bodies)
has become a sphere of human activity. As human intelligence increases, he seeks
ways to use nature more and more widely, creates methods and techniques for using
land and water more, and creating artificial ecosystems [ 3 ]. That is why man uses
all substances that enter the Earth's crust and almost all types of natural energy sources
to satisfy his needs . Man studies, masters, and uses global objects (space, the Pacific
Ocean). Man, trying to change natural processes for his own social interests, clashes
with natural regulatory forces, as a result of which the balance in the biosphere (in
motion - stable) is disturbed. The volume of artificial substances in the "technosphere"
exceeds the natural "biomass", as a result of which the "connection-exchange" of
substances in natural ecosystems and artificial ecosystems and their parameters,
natural factors and technical factors do not correspond. As a result, the anthropogenic
impact of man on nature has reached a level comparable to very strong natural factors
[ 4].
Another law of interaction between nature and society is the mutual adaptation
of society and the natural environment. Not only is society dependent on nature , but
it is also used, maintained and transformed by man. Similarly, wildlife has also been
closely associated with society in its specific development and survival. The nature
that is being used needs to be restored. It cannot function without human help. Nature
cannot survive without protection from anthropogenic impact and pollution.
However, the process of mutual adaptation is proceeding much more rapidly in the
current conditions. In this case, the biosphere may change in such a way that it will
become an environment unsuitable for human habitation .
Thus, society and nature are a single social system, and their general
interaction occurs through the exchange of matter, energy, and information. Three
components of human activity are considered as necessary factors of social
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development: matter, energy, and information. As a result of the increasing
complexity of obtaining from nature the necessary substances, energy, and
information for the economic and social development and survival of society, the
external environment is polluted with foreign substances, additional energy, and
radiation [ 5 ]. As a result, the parameters of metabolism in natural ecosystems and
artificial ecosystems created by man become incompatible, and the biobalance
changes.
Global ecology studies the laws of development of the biosphere as a whole
on a comprehensive basis, taking into account anthropogenic, cosmic, geographical,
geochemical and other influences. Global ecology studies the complex of ecological
processes occurring at the planetary level, including physical, biological and
geological factors of human activity .
The philosophical problems of global ecology are, first of all, the relationship
of humanity with the biosphere, which implies the knowledge of ecological processes
on a global scale [ 7].
Regional environmental problems can become global problems. The impact
of one place on the external environment can change the environment in another
place, and the impact spreads over long distances from its location. Sudden changes
- perturbations - as a result of nuclear explosions are also of a global nature.
The increase in the amount of gases and water vapor in the atmosphere and
the greenhouse effect are causing the average temperature of the Earth to rise. Major
changes in the global water balance and new irrigation areas are also affecting the
climate. These, in turn, cause a redistribution of elements of the energy balance in the
atmosphere.
Factors of physical pollution of the environment affect the physical
parameters of the wave environment in the anthropogenically created electromagnetic
field. They are formed in places where radio stations, television centers, radar
equipment are installed . These include high-voltage and 750 kilowatt power
transmission lines.
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Consequences of human activity Heat on the Earth's surface has led to energy
exchange and intensification of biosphere activity. The relationship between the
energetic parameters of the biosphere and the energetic parameters of human activity
has changed. Thermal pollution in such hot water bodies leads to a violation of the
thermal balance, negatively affects flora and fauna, and rapidly increases the
biological need for oxygen[ 8]. Air pollution with nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons , and
sulfur dioxide occurs.
The rise in temperature on the surface of our planet is causing climate change
on a global scale. As a result, large fires, droughts, soil radiation, desertification of
agricultural lands, as well as chronic precipitation, floods, hurricanes, landslides and
earthquakes are often observed. These cannot be controlled . And these, in turn, are
creating global problems.
In the current era of globalization, a large number of chemical and physical
factors, i.e. xenobiotics with mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic properties used
in agriculture and other sectors of the national economy, enter the human and animal
bodies through water, air, and food, posing a great threat to the human race, the planet,
and biological species on Earth.
Chemicals, especially in complex form, affect the human div and the animal
world . For example, oil, pesticides , and toxic chemical waste cause various diseases
in living organisms, especially hepatitis, allergic and other diseases. As a result, they
cause problems of material and spiritual globalization. We believe that in the current
circumstances, preventing such unpleasant situations - finding solutions to
environmental problems - should become the most important activity of the global
community.
International meetings and seminars dedicated to solving environmental
problems are of great importance in understanding the essence of the problem . For
example, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in
Tashkent The Seminar on Economic Instruments of Environmental Protection and
Natural Resources Management (March 2000) organized by the Special Working
Group of the UN Environment Programme and the Fourth Meeting of the Newly
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Independent States Network on Financing Environmental Protection are of great
importance[8]. The implementation of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on
Environmental Expertise has yielded good results. The Program of Environmental
Protection Work of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the "National Strategy for Sustainable
Development" and the " Basic Provisions of the National Strategy for Reducing
Greenhouse Gas Emissions " , as well as a number of other interstate and regional
global projects and programs are being implemented. Our country, having joined
international conventions and agreements on environmental issues, is actively
cooperating in this area at the regional and global levels.
In conclusion , as human society develops, the fate of nature depends on the
relationship between humans and nature and how well these relationships are
managed. This constitutes the main characteristics of the problem of globalization,
and humanity is seeking and seeking to find a solution to it.
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