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LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE CONCEPT OF
"HOSPITALITY" IN ENGLISH, UZBEK AND RUSSIAN
Xamroxonova Sokinaxon Jo’raxon qizi Assistant,
Department of Social, Humanitarian and Languages, Almalyk Branch of
Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
Abstract: Each country has its own traditions, beliefs, and religious views.
The concept of hospitality has been studied for a long time, and when studying its
phraseological image, we must first dwell on its "culture". Uzbek and English-speaking
cultures have a long and rich history, which has developed since ancient times.
Keywords: Hospitality, lexicon, semantics, tolerance, high humanity.
Hospitality is a great moral virtue. Many proverbs and sayings such as “A
house where a guest comes is blessed”, “A guest comes from the door, sustenance comes
from the hole”, “A guest is the decoration of the house” are not in vain spoken in our
people. Our people consider hospitality a symbol of goodness. A family whose house
often has guests increases its reputation in the neighborhood. Their children also develop
good qualities such as friendliness and sincerity. Waiting for a guest is a virtue and a
task that requires a certain responsibility. There are several etiquette rules for waiting
for a guest. First of all, it is necessary to greet the guest who comes to the house with an
open face and invite him to the house. The table is laid for the guest. It is better if fruits
are served on the table first. It is advisable to place the food on the table within reach of
the person, and only eatable food. Invite the guest to a meal, but do not overdo it.
It is necessary not to prolong silence in the presence of a guest and to have
pleasant conversations. The host expresses his joy when entering and leaving the room
where the guest is sitting. He does not leave the guest alone for a long time, and he does
not treat the young children of the house badly when the guest is near him. When the
guest asks for permission, permission is granted and he is seen off with an open face.
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Hospitality embodies such beautiful moral qualities as tolerance, generosity, generosity,
high humanity, and sweetness of speech.
Hospitality, which has been characteristic of our people for centuries, such
beautiful qualities as a sincere welcome to the guest, and showing respect to him, are
among the traditions that have been in the history of our people for thousands of years.
Yusuf Khos Khajib, in his work "Kutadgu bilig", that is, "Knowledge that leads
to happiness", also specifically focuses on the virtue of hospitality:
If you invite a guest to your home,
Hesitate first, oh wise person.
Let that bread, house, and bed be pure,
The food you give should be delicious.
By comparative analysis of the following Uzbek work, we can observe how
broadly the word “guest” is interpreted in it.
These languages have specialized linguistic units, words, and expressions
that are used in various situations. These terms serve as a symbolic indication of the
lifestyle of nations, traditions, mentality, and especially the inner feelings of people,
relationships in various situations. Since it is not possible to translate them from one
language to another, they should be explained in order to be clear and understandable to
foreigners. For example, in the Uzbek linguistic culture:
“Come” (singular) or “Come” (plural)
is often found. In English, these expressions are translated as:
“Come” (invitation to come to a guest)
. In Russian, it is as follows:
“Приходи” (singular) or “Приходите” (plural)
Uzbek people are very hospitable and usually use this phrase when
meeting their relatives, neighbors or friends on the street, in a store, in a park. If we say
something like “Come to my place (home)” to an English speaker, he will definitely ask
for the exact time and reason for the invitation, because among the English such a phrase
is not used as a common expression of informal communication. But among the Russian
people it is considered a common word.
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Another example is the phrase “Don’t be tired” that Uzbeks say when
saying goodbye to each other. We can translate this wish into English as “Don’t be
tired”. For Uzbeks, this phrase is used simply as a means of communication and does
not indicate fatigue. This phrase is used as a positive wish that is exchanged in acts of
communication. However, English speakers perceive the phrase “Don’t be tired” as a
strange wish, because such a wish is inappropriate for English culture. On the contrary,
they wish each other "Good luck" or "Good mood". In Russian, "Не уставайте" (Don't
get tired) is a common expression in ordinary formal communication. We can analyze it
in Russian folk tales as follows: In the story "Gooseberries" (1898) by the Russian writer
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860 - 1904):
— Pavel Konstantinich, — he said in a pleading voice, — do not calm down, do
not let yourself fall asleep!” While you are young, strong, cheerful, do not tire of doing
good! Happiness does not exist and should not exist, and if there is a meaning and
purpose in life, then this meaning and purpose are not at all in our happiness, but in
something more reasonable and great. Do good!"
We can analyze it in Uzbek as follows:
- Pavel Konstantinich, — he said in a pleading voice, — do not calm down, do
not let yourself fall asleep! While you are young, strong, powerful, do not tire of doing
good! Happiness should not disappear, but if there is a meaning and purpose in life, then
this meaning and purpose are not in our happiness, but in something more reasonable
and great. Do good! "
Analyzing the following story in Russian, we can see phraseological,
psychological concepts here.
When analyzing the lexicon of the concept of "hospitality" in English, Uzbek
and Russian, we should mainly study the classification of this concept in all three
languages.
You can guess who a person is and what nationality he belongs to, not only
from his appearance or language, but also from his behavior, character, and attitude to
the external environment. For example, if you meet an Uzbek on the street, on the road,
at work or in a recreation center, wherever you are, at the moment of farewell:
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"Come home, we have a cup of tea."
Because hospitality is ingrained in the blood of an Uzbek. This verb, this
quality can only come out of him with a soul. Why is that? There are many such qualities
that are passed down from generation to generation among Uzbeks. For example,
honesty, truthfulness, piety, not betraying trust, shame, honor, speech, respect for elders,
honor for younger ones, and countless qualities such as thoughtfulness are so appropriate
for an Uzbek that the robe and headdress he wears are new. When starting a conceptual
analysis, it is necessary to establish the full semantic scope of the concept in the lexical
system of the language. As is known, the dictionary definition is the main part of the
concept.
LIST OF USED LITERATURE:
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MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
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