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THE ADVANTAGES OF STUDYING MENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN
BORN FROM MARRIAGES BETWEEN CLOSE RELATIVES
Muminov Rakhimjon Kayumjonovich
Malikova Asalxon Ergashevna
Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Medical
Psychology and Psychotherapist
Andijan State Medical Institute
Department of Psychiatry and Narcology
Andijan State Medical Institute
Resume: Despite the presence of a large amount of scientific data on the
negative impact of closely related marital unions on the health of children born to such
families, at present in a number of countries the importance of this problem is not
diminishing.
The article reflects the position of modern clinical guidelines, the results of
recent studies and some controversial and unresolved issues.
Key words: consanguineous marriage, heredity, mental illness, mental
disorders
ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПСИХИЧЕСКИХ РАССТРОЙСТВ
У ДЕТЕЙ, РОЖДЕННЫХ ОТ БРАКОВ МЕЖДУ БЛИЗКИМИ
РОДСТВЕННИКАМИ
Муминов Рахимжон Каюмжонович
Маликова Асалхон Эргашевна
Кафедра психиатрии, наркологии,
медицинской психологии и
психотерапевтии
Андижанский государственный медицинский институт
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Резюме: Несмотря на наличие большого количества научных данных об
отрицательном влиянии близкородственных брачных союзов на здоровье детей,
рожденных в таких семьях, в настоящее время в целом ряде стран значимость
данной проблемы не уменьшается.
В статье отражена позиция современных клинических рекомендаций,
результаты последних исследований и некоторые спорные и нерешенные
вопросы.
Ключевые слова: близкородственный брак, наследственность,
психические заболевания, психические расстройства.
YAQIN QARINDOSHLAR O'RTASIDAGI NIKOHDAN TUG'ILGAN
BOLALARDA RUHIY BUZILISHLARNI O'RGANISH AFZALLIKLARI
Muminov Rakhimjon Kayumjonovich
Malikova Asalxon Ergashevna
Psixiatriya, narkologiya kafedrasi, tibbiy
psixologiya va psixoterapevt
Andijon davlat tibbiyot instituti
Rezyume: Bir-biriga yaqin bo'lgan nikoh uyushmalarining bunday oilalarda
tug'ilgan bolalarning sog'lig'iga salbiy ta'siri to'g'risida ko'plab ilmiy ma'lumotlar
mavjudligiga qaramay, hozirgi kunda bir qator mamlakatlarda ushbu muammoning
ahamiyati kamaymayapti.
Maqolada zamonaviy klinik tavsiyalarning pozitsiyasi, so'nggi tadqiqotlar
natijalari va ba'zi munozarali va hal qilinmagan masalalar aks ettirilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: yaqin nikoh, irsiyat, ruhiy kasalliklar, ruhiy kasalliklar.
Relevance.
Despite the emerging downward trend in related marriages in
recent decades, this problem affects at least 20% of the world's population and dozens
of countries.
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The prevalence of consanguineous marriages in the world varies significantly,
ranging from 0.1-0.4% in the United States and European countries to more than 50%
in North Africa, the Middle East and Western Asia.
The most common form of kinship marriage is a marriage alliance between
cousins. In general, rural residents with a lower level of education are more likely to
enter into a family marriage. Consanguineous marriages can be of various types in
communities: most often they are between cousins and second cousins, less often
between uncle and niece [3,5].
Marriage between siblings (incest) is considered unacceptable and prohibited
by law in most world cultures. To assess the degree of kinship between representatives
of different populations, the inbreeding coefficient is used, which determines the
probability with which a particular locus will contain two genes descended from a
common ancestor in a descendant from a related marriage [4]. The inbreeding
coefficient is a quantitative measure of inbreeding, designed to assess kinship between
parents, although it is estimated by offspring [3].
The adverse effects of inbreeding are manifested in the fact that recessive genes
of hereditary diseases will be found in a set of genes inherited from common ancestors.
Accordingly, in children of parents who are blood relatives, they can go into a
homozygous state. Therefore, with an increase in the degree of parental kinship, a part
of the genome of common ancestors may increase, which will pass into a homozygous
state.
This, in turn, increases the likelihood of developing recessive hereditary
diseases. In most cases, the rarer the frequency of the recessive disease gene in a
population, the higher the chances that such a disease will manifest itself in
consanguineous marriage [1].
For example, if the frequency of the recessive disease gene in a population is
0.001, the probability of husband and wife heterozygosity for this gene will be
0.000004. However, if one of the spouses in such a marriage is a carrier of this gene,
the probability for the second spouse to have this gene is equal to the coefficient of
kinship between the spouses.
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Thus, for siblings, this value will be equal to 0.125, i.e. it will exceed the
population value by 125 times [3]. At the same time, marriage between cousins does
not always imply the occurrence of genetic diseases [2]. Children from such marriages
will be at increased risk only if both parents carry the same mutant gene at a given
locus. Since relatives are more likely to be heterozygous for the same mutant gene
(identical in origin) than non-relatives, consanguineous marriages have a higher
probability of producing offspring affected by an autosomal recessive trait. If the
frequency of harmful alleles is very low, the probability of these alleles appearing in a
homozygous state in panmictic populations will also be lower.If the mutant gene
causing the disease is widespread in the population, then in such marriages there will
be no risk of having a child with this pathology [5].
The purpose of the study.
Analysis of the modern scientific base on the
problem of related marriages, assessment of their impact on the development of a
particular pathology in children.
Research methods.
The subject and method of our scientific research are
clinical, statistical and epidemiological methods. In our study, we mainly analyzed
statistical indicators in Central Asia.
The results of the study.
Despite the fact that in most Western countries there
is a negative attitude towards related marriages, assessed in terms of increased genetic
risk to offspring, the following are considered positive social and economic aspects of
related marriages:: -strengthening family ties and preserving property within the family
clan; -Improving the status of women by reducing the risk of abuse by a husband related
to her and reducing the likelihood of divorce; -consanguinity ensures the unity of lands
(inheritance of land by men and women is carried out within the same family, and this
is of great importance for peasants, since small plots of land are inefficient in
agriculture; this model is common among Lebanese, Egyptians, Palestinians and
Jordanians); -consanguinity presupposes the best relationship and compatibility
between husband and wife, daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, and undisclosed
problems concerning the health or other unfavorable social characteristics of the bride
or groom are also effectively avoided.; -consanguineous marriages create a certain
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balance in the bloodline within the family clan, guaranteeing the marriage of young
women with men within the family, which means reducing the problems of celibacy.;
-anthropologists have long agreed that the main achievement of consanguineous
marriages is the inheritance of a peculiar family structure (specific features of thinking)
and property; - The most important and fundamental reasons for related marriages in
both South Asia and the Middle East are social and cultural considerations.
Despite the increasing urbanization and separation of families, as well as the
increase in women's literacy, in a number of countries the choice of marriage is still
the prerogative of parents, supported by the explicit or indirect support of older married
brothers and sisters. Related marriages are traditional for at least 20% of the world's
population. In a number of countries, choosing a spouse is traditionally a decision not
only of the couple, but also of the family or family clan, although the frequency of
arranged marriages has been decreasing in recent years due to an increase in the number
of women receiving higher education, which provides greater opportunities to choose
a marriage partner. As a result of studying and summarizing the results of more than
100 scientific studies, data on the global prevalence of marriages between blood
relatives have been obtained.
From this point of view, populations can be divided into four main categories:
populations in which consanguinity accounts for less than 1% of marriages; from 1 to
10%; from 20% or more, and those in which the level of consanguinity is unknown due
to the lack or insufficient reliability of data. In this case, the division of the world's
population will look like this: 1,061 billion. people belong to the population with less
than 1% of related marriages; 2,811 billion – from 1 to 10%; 991 million – more than
20% and for 1,064 billion this frequency is not known.
Conclusion.
Despite a number of positive social and economic aspects of
related marriages, from the point of view of genetics and medicine, the negative impact
of consanguineous marriages should be taken into account, consisting in an increased
genetic risk to offspring and a high incidence of congenital pathology in newborns. An
assessment of the socio-demographic aspects of closely related marriages shows that
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their wider spread is in many cases due to poor economic conditions, lack of education
and low levels of social security.
LIST OF LITERATURE:
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of pediatric defectology. Moscow: GITS VLADOS; 2015.
3. Panfilova T.N., Medvedeva O.V. Family as an object of modern demographic policy
// Russian Medical and Biological Bulletin named after academician I.P. Pavlov. 2009.
Vol. 17, No. 2. pp. 67-70.
4.Hamamy H. Consanguineous Marriages Preconception Consultation in Primary
Health Care Settings // Journal of Community Genetics. 2012. Vol. 3, №3. P. 185-192.
5.Lefranc M.-P., Lefranc G. Consanguinity. In: Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics.
2nd ed. 2013. P. 158-162.
