Plant Sciences

Все физиологические и агрономические исследования имеют конечной целью познание сложнейших механизмов и законов роста и развития растений с тем, чтобы на основе этих знаний уметь создавать наиболее благоприятные условия роста, развития и продукционного процесса растений. Анализ современного состояния теории и практики применения различных регуляторов роста позволяет отметить широкое их применение в сельском хозяйстве. Всё больше внимание уделяется получению регуляторов роста растений, ключевым компонентом в которых является салициловая кислота, оказывающее значительное влияние на иммунитет растений. Считается, что салициловая кислота является мощное сигнальное соединение, участвующая в защитных механизмах, регулируя физиологические и биохимические реакциях в растениях, и оказывая влияние на толерантность к биотическим и абиотическим стрессовым факторам (Young; Kalachova and et al., 2016; Karima Boulahia and et al., 2023). Hannes Lefevere and et al., 2020, также считают, что салициловая кислота является важным активатором и оказывает опосредованное действие хозяина- растения запускает механизм против микроорганизма патогена.

Тадқиқот объектлари: Суғориладиган типик бўз ва шўрланган тупроқлар, илдизда яшовчи бактериялар, илдиз касаллигини қўзғатувчи Fusarium, ғўза, буғдой, нўхат, бодринг ва помидор ўсимликлари.
Ишнинг мақсади: Ўсимликларни ўсишини тезлаштирувчи, ноқулай шароитларга чидамлигини оширувчи ва илдиз чириш касаллигидан химоя қилувчи ризосфера бактерияларни ажратиб олиш, уларни хусусиятларини ва таъсир этиш механизмларини ўрганиш асосида янги технология яратиш ва уни амалиётга жорий этишдан иборат.
Тақиқот услуби: Тадқиқотларда замонавий микробиология, молекуляр биология, фитопатология ва ўсимликларни биологик ҳимоя қилиш усуллари тўлиқ келтирилган. Хусусан: ўсимликларни илдизида фаол колонияланадиган бактерияларни ажратиш учун Валидов ва бошкаларни (2006) усулларидан фойдаланилган. Бактериял ўғитлар ёрдамида ўсимлик ўсишини тезлаштириш, шўрланишга чидамлигини ошириш ва илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик назорат қилиш фаолиятлари лаборатория, иссикхона ва дала шароитларида ўрганиб чиқилган.
Олинган натижалар ва уларнинг янгнлиги: Илмий изланишлар натижасида турли қишлок хўжалик экинлари илдизидаги бактериялар бир-биридан фарк қилиши ва уларни хилма-хиллиги аниқланди. Уларни ўсимликлар билан алокадаги фаоллигига биотик ва абиотик омиллар таъсир кўрсатиши кузатилди. Шўрланишга чидамли антагонист бактериялар ва Fusarium туркумига кирувчи патоген замбуруглар коллекцияси яратилди.
Биофунгицидлар асоси бўлган, ўсимликлар ўсишини тезлаштирувчи, шўрланишга чидамлилигини оширувчи ва илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик назорат килувчи бактерияларнинг интеграциялаш механизми ёритиб берилди. Бодринг, помидор, ғўза ва буғдой ўсимликларини илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик йўл билан назорат килувчи биофунгицид асосан рақобатбардош колонизацияга асосланганлиги тасдиқланди. Республиканинг шўрланган типик бўз тупроқлари шароитида илк бор бозор иқтисодиётига мос ҳолда деҳқончилик юритишда тупроқ унумдорлиги, ўсимлик ўсишини тезлаштирувчи, илдиз чириш касаллигидан химоя килувчи ва шўрланишга чидамлигини ва ҳосилдорлиги оширишни таъминлайдиган Биофунгицидлар яратилди. Биофунгициднинг самарадорлиги ташқи муҳит омилларига, жумладан, тупрокнинг ҳолати ва ҳароратга боғлиқ эканлиги аникланди. Тупрок қанчалик органик моддаларга бой ва муҳит ўсимлик ўсиши учун кулай бўлса, Биофунгициднинг самарадорлиги шунчалик паст бўлиши кузатилди. Биофунгицид билан ишлов берилган бодринг ва помидори ҳосилдорлиги 15-25% гача ошганлиги ва илдиз чириш касаллиги 30-40% камайганлиги кузатилди.
Амалий ахамияти: Кўп йиллик илмий тадқиқотлардан олинган натижалар асосида қишлок хўжалик экинларини хосилдорлигини ошириш ва илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик йўл билан назорат килиш максадида биофунгицидлар яратиш бўйича тавсияномалар ишлаб чикарилди ва амалиётга жорий этилди. Ўсимлик ўсишини жадаллаштирувчи биофунгицидлар яратишда, ўсимлик ризосферасида яшовчи бактериялардан фойдаланилди ва улар ўсимлик ўсишини тезлаштириш фаоллиги бўйича биофунгицид қўлланиладиган иклим, тупрок ҳолати ва тури, ўсимлик нави, ва бактериянинг ўсимлик илдиздаги озуқа учун рақобат каби омиллар ҳам ҳисобга олиниши зарурлиги тавсия килинди. Шу тартибда селекция қилинган биофунгицидларнинг саморадорлиги юқори эканлиги кузатилди. Республиканинг типик бўз, тақирсимон ва шўрланган тупроқларида етиштирилган ғўза, буғдой, бодринг ва помидори етиштиришда, ўсимлик ўсишини жадаллаштирувчи, шўрланишга чидамлилигини оширувчи ва фузариоз илдиз чириш касаллигини биологик йўл билан ҳимоя килувчи Pseudomonas турига мансуб биофунгицид яратиб жорий килинди.
Тадбиқ этиш даражаси ва иқтисодий саморадорлиги: Ўтказилган кўп йиллик илмий тадқиқотларнинг натижалари республиканинг Тошкент, Хоразм, вилоятларида 200 гектардан ортиқ майдонида жорий этилди. Энг юкори иқтисодий самарадорлик Хоразм вилояти фермер хўжаликларида кузатилди. 1 - сўм қилинган харажатга 2,5 сўм самара олинади, 1 кг бодрингни бозор нархини ўртача 600 сўм деб олинганда, 1 гектар ердан олинган қўшимча даромад 2 820 000 сўмни ташкил қилади. Шу солиштиришни помидорга қўллаганимизда 1 гектар ердан кўшимча хосилнинг ҳар кг нархи 800 сўм бўлганида 3 000 000 сўмни ташкил этади.
Қўллаш соҳаси: Республиканинг типик бўз, кам шўрланган тупроқлари шароитида ғўза, буғдой, помидори ва бодринг экинларини етиштирадиган фермер хўжаликлар.

Хотя время стремительно развивается, оно неизбежно оказывает влияние на человечество. Обилие информации, шум, развитие Интернета и т. д. оказывают воздействие на психику человека. Сегодня наблюдается рост спроса на антидепрессанты. Конечно, низкие побочные эффекты препаратов, их длительный прием и натуральность предоставляют множество преимуществ. В данной научной статье представлены токсико-фармакологические свойства растений Cistanche семейства Заразиховые. В настоящее время очень важно найти эффективные лекарственные вещества из местных растений. Cistanche широко используется в традиционной китайской медицине. Известно, что за границей Cistanche tubulosae широко используется при лечении остеопороза (ОП), болезни Альцгеймера (БА) и мужской сексуальной дисфункции (МСД). Cistanches Herba применяется для лечения почечной недостаточности, женского бесплодия, патологических выделений и запоров у пожилых людей. Учитывая вышесказанное, мы проанализировали некоторые фармакологические свойства и антидепрессантную активность экстракта, приготовленного из Cistanche mongolica, произрастающего в Ферганской области Республики Узбекистан. Информация об этом исследовании представлена ниже.

Лагохилус опьяняющий - многолетний колючий кустарничек, высотой 25-40см. шаровидной формы, является эндемиком Центральной Азии. Он встречается в предгорных зонах Узбекистана, Казахстана, Киргизии и Таджикистана малочисленными и редкими естественными зарослями. Используемые органы: цветки, листья, чашечки и молодые побеги.

Проблема выделения и внедрения в практику новых высокоактивных штаммов микроорганизмов-продуцентов целлюлозолитических ферментов весьма актуальна. Одной из основных сфер практического применения целлюлозолитических ферментов является кормопроизводство. Силос из отходов растениеводства с использованием ферментной массы ,позволяет получить полноценный корм, содержащий в достаточном количестве белки, витамины, аминокислоты. Имеющиеся в литературе данные показывают, что наиболее активные продуценты целлюлозолитических ферментов встречаются среди грибов.

Тетрахлорметан (CCl 4 ) билан чақирилган токсик гепатитда каламуш жигар митохондрияси антиоксидант ферментлар – СОД, каталаза, глутатионпероксидаза фаоллигига ва Fe 2+ /цитратга боғлиқ липидларни перекисли оксидланишига полифеноллар экстрактининг таъсири.

Стимуляция антиоксидантной защиты снижает риск развития когнитивных нарушений, связанных с гипогликемией. Великобритания, выраженность когнитивных изменений у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа вследствие повторных эпизодов гипогликемии можно корректировать, применяя антиоксиданты. 

The aim of the research work is studying the population of whiteflys in agrobiocenosis, the spread and formation of interaction of whitefly with host-entomophages, and the development of a set of measures to struggle with migratory species.
Scientific novelty of the research w ork is:
in the first were determined the differences of the whitefly (Trialeurodes yaporariorum Westw, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius,) on biological features, plant species and populations;
the biological features of effective species of predatory and parasites of the entomophages for whiteflys are determined;
the interactions of the host-entomophages, the regularities of the change in the density of their population under the interaction of external factors in biocinosis are substantiated.
in the our republic under controlling the number of whiteflys are introduced by the mites Amblyseius swirskii Ath., created breeding methods and determined the biological efficacy against the whiteflys;
the biological parameters of regulation of their quantity have been determined and the level of resistance to whitefly pesticides has been proved.

Subjects of research: vegetation types of Zaamin basin.
Purpose of work: to investigate phytocenological variety and areal spreading of vegetation types of Zaamin basin and to conduct a modern map of the region.
Methods of research: traditional field-routing, geobotanical and cosmic imagery methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: phytocenological variety of Zaamin basin has for the first time been investigated and 6 types, 9 subtypes, 19 cenotypes, 27 formations, 85 associations have been revealed in 4 zones. 5 associations in the basin were newly described. The map of vegetation cover of Zaamin basin in large scales (M 1:200000) and multi-level definition have been developed. 36 topological and anthropogenetic modifications and degree of decreasing have been shown by indexes (А, В, C). 516 types belonging to 249 subtypes and 61 families have been registered.
Practical value: results of these investigations can be used in planning of preparing meadow, plant and forest raw materials, reconstructing endangered plant types and protecting the genfond of the region under investigation.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity«The map of Vegetation Types of Zaamin basin» (M 1:200000) and developed recommendations were given to the Dzhizak province of the State Committee of the Nature Protection (act № 1396, 12.12.2011) and Geoinformcadastre state unitary organization of Land resources, geodesy, cartography and state cadastre of Republic of Uzbekistan (act № 2, 6.03.2012).
Field of application: phytocenology, geobotany, cartography, ecology, nature protection.

Maqolada “Qovunchi madaniyati”ning shakllanishi hamda uning shakllanishidagi jarayonalar Ustrushona va boshqa turdosh hududlarga yoyilishi, Toshkent vohasi Qovunchi madaniyati shakllanishining asosiy markazi bo'lganligi hamda qovunchiliklarning mashg’ulotlari va hunarmanchilik a boshqa sohalarda ko’rinishi haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

Plant saffron in July-August. Light, sandy soil is the best soil for growing saffron. Before planting saffron, the land is thoroughly plowed and fertilized. The saffron plant is planted at a depth of 10-12 cm. It is recommended to plant this plant in rows. The distance between rows is 15-20 cm, and the distance between plants is 10-15 cm. After the saffron plant is planted, watering several times will give good results. They should be cleaned of weeds and soften the ground between the rows. In this way, many saffron plants are grown and prepared [1, 2].

The article presents information about the systematics and ecology of lichens of the Ohaliksay basin. According to scientific
research, there are 10 families belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes (Parmeliaceae, Ramalinaceae, Megasporaceae, Fisciaceae,
Teloshistaceae, Peltigeraceae, Collemataceae, Candelariaceae, Umbilicariaceae, Fisciaceae), 1 family belongs to the class
Eurotiomycetes (Verrucariaceae) and 1 family belongs to the class Lichinomycetes (Licinaceae), 18 genera and 23 species have
been recorded, respectively. Special attention was paid to the taxonomic analysis of the identified species and ecological
characteristics.

Түркістан облысының аумағы Қазақстан Республикасының оңтүстігінде шөлдер аймағында орналасқан. Ол шөл-ландшафт аймағы ретінде орташа белдеудің құрамына кіреді, солтүстіктен оңтүстікке қарай 550 км, ал батыстан шығысқа қарай 470 км-ге созылып жатыр [1].

The aim: determination of the structural, adaptive features and localization of secretory ducts of species of the genus Ferula in connection with life form and ecological conditions.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the structural and comparative characteristics of the vegetative and generative organs of monocarpic and polycarpic species of the genus Ferula in connection with the life form and habitat were first compiled;
specific features of the structure of the flower species of the genus Ferula and localization of secretory ducts in them are revealed;
the independence of the species F. helenae and F. dshizakensis on the basis of leaf and fruit structure were proved;
the structure and localization of secretory ducts in the vegetative and generative organs of species of the genus Ferula were first determined;
the content of resinous substances in the organs of Ferula species is established in connection with the life form, number and size of secretory ducts;
on the structure of vegetative and generative organs, the adaptive level of species of the genus Ferula is determined in connection with the ecological conditions of habitat;
the ontogeny of Ferula kyzylkumica was revealed in the conditions of the Botanical Garden and the prospects of reintroduction of the species were estimated.

This article provides information about fungal diseases spread on tall plants in the Denov arboretum located in the Surkhan oasis.  During the study of micromycetes of high plants of the Denov Arboretum, it was observed that fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, cytosporosis, septoriosis, phylloxytosis, and morsoniosis spread in the area. 21 species of fungi causing powdery mildew disease have been identified on the higher plants of the Denova arboretum, 22 species from 16 families and 19 genera affect higher plants, 8 species of rust fungi affect 5 species of higher plants.

Diseases caused by soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi are a serious problem for agricultural crops, including sunflower crops. The limited possibilities of measures to control them further increases the interest and focus on them. This article reveals data on the species composition, occurrence rate of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi isolated from the soil of sunflower. Here, 11 species of true fungi and 1 species of oomycetes have been isolated. The highest incidence rate was recorded in the Fusarium oxysporum fungi species. During the study, pathogenic fungi specific to sunflower have also been isolated.

The health benefits and healing properties of herbal products have been known since ancient times. A number of epidemiological and laboratory studies conducted abroad revealed the biological effects and medicinal properties of shambala. In recent years, research on shambala has revealed a number of health benefits and physiological properties in both experimental animals and human clinical trials. In this research, we reviewed the available scientific literature on shambala.

The aim of the work is study and selection of high-yielding varieties and to determine the optimal terms and schemes of pepper planting, and to identify the density of plant standing, which ensures the production of high-quality seeds with good germination and germination energy.
Scientific novelty of the research works is as follow s:
For the first time in the conditions of Uzbekistan a complex study of 15 hot pepper accessions of different ecological and geographical groups on biological, morphological, economic-valuable traits was conducted and perspective lines 0437-7506, 0437-7510, 0038-9155-5-1, PP0337-7069 were revealed.
Different indices of variation (V,%) and correlations (r) between morphological and economically valuable traits as well as interrelation of yield with terms and planting schemes were studied.
The optimal terms for planting of hot pepper varieties seedlings in the field from 8 to 15th of May were identified.
Planting schemes were studied and appropriate the most cost-effective planting schemes 70x40 cm and 70x50 cm for varieties Uchkun, Tillarang, Mumtos and Margclansky-330 were recommended;
It was proved the expediency of harvesting seeds from the fruits of hot pepper with 30-40 days of fruit ripening on the bushes.
Based on the results of our research, new varieties of hot pepper have been released and included in the State Register of Uzbekistan: Uchkun (2009), Tylarang (2010) and Mumtoz (2015).

Objects of researching:forest plants around Tashkent Reservoir.
Aim of work: on the base of studying of growing and keeping of forest crops establish assortment wood race in the zone temporary flood of reservoir and derminate of influence of forest plants to the quantity of water, coming into the reservoirs.
Methods of researching: field and laboratory.
Received results and their novelty: On the base of researches it was established first time assortment quickly growing and long-lived wooden race in zone of submerge and based principles and places of their placing in protected stripes around of reservoirs.
Practical significance: Diagram of placing of wooden race in protected stripes and massive green plantations around reservuars was given to the manufacture, agrotechnique of their making with the aim of notice of elmcnation and pollution of water with flow from agricultural fields.
Degrees of inculcation and economic effectively: During systematically and uninterruptedly reproduction protective green plantations in farm of large carea they can serve and constantly cources of raw materials of woods and economical effectively from 1 hcctar is constitute of over 950 thousand sum.
Results of researches took to the inculcation by Tashkent forest farm reservoir-protective forest plants around reservoirs and other water objects at the territory of Uzbekistan.

Oils obtained from plants undergo several chemical-technological processes until they reach a ready state. Of course, the chemicals used in this process must have quality indicators and state standards. In this research work, data on the changes in the composition of vegetable oil when chemical cleaning agents are used are provided. Currently, vegetable oil cleaning agents are studied by comparing the properties of sorbents developed by foreign countries (USA, Russia, Pakistan) with sorbents developed on the basis of local raw materials. given in the form.

This article indicates that the automotive industry is the main source of pollution. To reduce the impact of toxic elements on the
environment, scientists have investigated many perennial plants. These plants contribute to the release of phytoncydic substances, which help to purify the atmospheric air. You can see these trees on the streets and in parks on the territory of big cities. In the city 1 hectare of green plantations absorbs 8 kg of carbon dioxide in 1 hour, which during this time exhales 200 people. At the same time, a hectare of hardwood releases 2 kg in one day, coniferous forest 5 kg of volatile bactericidal substances, and juniper over 30 kg

In this article, it was given scientific data on the influence of the main agrotechnological factors of plant science on the grain quality indicators of the new local, high-yield grain sorghum of the "Massino" variety. It has been determined that the optimal sowing date for the cultivation of seeds and commercial grain is the second decades of April, the seed rate is 5.0 kg/ha, and the number of seedlings thickness is 90-100 thousand plants per hectare. As well as, decreasing of  the tendency of yield and its quality  when planting in late dates has been determined.

This article is devoted to work aimed at normalizing the condition of
degraded soils in open-pit mines as a result of anthropogenic influences
through phytomass. By creating a biological cover from plants, it has been
achieved to improve the composition of the soil. Plants such as Datura
starmonium, Portuluca oleracea , Caspella bursa -pastoris , Chenopodium
vulvaria , Chenopodium album, Plantago lanceolata , Vaccaria hispanica , Vicia
angustifolia were used for the research. The effect of micronutrients on plants
was studied.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Up to 30 percent of the drugs used in modern world medicine are based on natural compounds, including polyphenolic compounds. Polyphenolic compounds possess properties as to lower cholesterol in the human organism, strengthen cardiovascular system, enhance immunity, antibacterial, anti-hypoxic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor etc. Thanks to the easy digestibility of the body, the lack of side effects, they are used in the treatment of diseases. Due to their easy digestibility in a human organism and lack of side effects, they are used in a treatment of several diseases.
As a result of widespread throughout the world, threatening all of humanity infections such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and influenza infections increases the likelihood of disease the majority of the world population of these diseases. In recent years, the antiviral activity of tannins revealed, particularly the ability of these compounds to induce interferon, showing an effective inhibitory effect on the multiplication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV-1). As a result of screening of compounds isolated from plants Annacardeaceae, Geraniaceae, Malvaceae, Punicaceae and Euphorbiacea growing in the Central Asia, have been identified polyphenols with a high antiviral activity, including composition which can inhibit HIV-1 replication more than 80%, in a concentration of 10 pg/ml. All medical products applied in a modern medicine for treating viral diseases are medicines of synthetic nature, and have some side effects. This shows the urgency and relevance of creating drugs based on natural compounds. To solve this problem it is necessary to search for new promising sources of polyphenols, isolation and determination their chemical structures, revealing their biological activity.
The research of this dissertation contribute to perform a certain tasks and objectives in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan №39 against HIV infection in September 23, 2013 and Resolution №255 in September 10, 2014 State anti-HIV Programme for 2014-2016 yy. adopted by the Cabinet of Minister.
Purpose of the research. Creation of effective antiviral drugs based on polyphenols from local plants.
Scientific novelty of the research study is as follows:
For the first time studied polyphenols 29 species of the Euphorbia plants family. From those plants were isolated more than 70 compounds the structures of which is determined by using modern physical and chemical methods. Among the isolated compounds, 8 compounds were found as new compounds not previously dated in the literature. Determined, they are diester of hexahydroxydiphenoyl-6-(O- 0-D-glucopyranosido)-2-(O-1 -O-trigalloyl-0-D-glucopyranose), 1 -O-galloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-3,6- hexahydroxydiphenoyl -0-D-glucose, 3-O-galloyl-l,2-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 2-O-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -3,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1-0-bisgalloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1, 3 -dihydrodigalloyl-4- valoneat- 0 -D-glucose.
The studies of biological properties of isolated compounds have shown their antiradical, antioxidant and antiviral activities. It is shown that the new compounds form Euphorbia plants l-O-galloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-3,6- hexahydroxydiphenoyl-0-D-glucose, 3-0-galloyl-1,2-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 2-O-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose are highly active and effective inhibitory effect on HIV infection.
Developed Normative analytical documentations (hereinafter NAD) for the medicines Rutan, Gossitan, Punitan, Euphorbin and for their drug forms.
Conclusion
1. For the first time 29 plants belonging to the family Euohorbiaceae were studied for content of polyphenols. More than 70 phenolic compounds were isolated from them. It was revealed that the polyphenols mainly are localized in the roots of plants, and presented as flavonols, phenolic acids and tannins.
2. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by using the physical and chemical methods. 8 of them were found as new compounds, formerly not described in the literature, such as: diester of hexahydroxydiphenoyl-6-(O- p-D-glucopyranosido)-2-(O-1 -O-trigalloyl-P-D-glucopyranose), 1 -O-galloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-3,6- hexahydroxydiphenoyl -P-D-glucose, 3-O-galloyl-l,2-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 2-O-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -4,6-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -3,6-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 1-0-bisgalloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 1, 3 -dihydrodigalloyl-4- valoneat- p -D-glucose.
3. Isolated compounds possessed a high antioxidant and anti-radical activities and at the same time do not cause destruction of biological membranes. It is revealed that the antioxidant activity of isolated compounds depends on the number of hydroxyl groups in the molecule, of their locational position, and the degree of saturation and galloyl groups in ring C.
4. New compounds isolated from plants of Euphorbia obtain antiviral activity. It was revealed that l-O-galloyl-2,4-valoneoyl-3,6-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-P-D-glucose, 3-O-galloyl-1,2-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose, 2-0-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-0-D-glucose, 1,2-di-O-galloyl -4,6-valoneoyl-P-D-glucose have an effective inhibitory effect on HIV infection due to their high antiviral activity comparing with other compounds. As a result of studying a mechanism of action of these compounds with viruses, revealed that the antiviral activity of the first compound blocked integrating process of the viruse, and the other compounds inhibits the contact between viruses and target cell.
5. In accordance with the requirements of the SPh XI (State Pharmacopoeia) the physical and chemical parameters of Rutan, Gossitan, Getasana, Punitan, Euphorbin were studied and selected standard samples and drug forms of them. The total pre-clinical pharmaco-toxicological researches were run. On the basis of obtained data developed the projects of Temporary Pharmocopeial Articles for the substance, standard samples and drug forms of medicines: Rutan 0.025, Gossitan 0.025, Getasan 0.01, Punitan 0.01, Euphorbin 0.025.
6. The permission of HDDMEQC was obtained to run the clinical trials for Rutan, Gossitan, and Getasan.
7. The clinical tests of the Rutan were successfully completed and approved for using in a clinical practice. Permission (Certificate) from HDDMEQC for using the standard sample, substance and drug form of Rutan in a medical practice was obtained. The HDDMEQC approved (registered) Temporary Pharmocopeial Articles on the substance, standard sample, drug form and instruction for usage of Rutan. The registration certificate for the medical product was received. At the current time, medicines Gossitan and Getasan are in a clinical-testing stage.
8. The patents of the Republic of Uzbekistan were received for Rutan and Gossitan as anti-flu drugs, for Getasan and Punitan as drugs with anti-HIV action.

The morphometric characteristics of thyroid gland and dynamics of experimental atherosclerosis under the influence of triterpene saponin - ladyginozid have been studied. Reduction of signs of atherosclerotic lesion of the aorta under the influence of the drug against the background of increased morphofunctional activity of the thyroid gland was established.