Physics

Topicality and necessity of the thesis. Solar pumped lasers are devices that transform a broadband sunlight into the coherent, monochromatic and directional radiation. However, maximum efficiency of transformation of sunlight into the laser radiation still remains at a level below 4%. In this connection development and creation of new highly effective lasers with solar pumping is one of the extremely topical problems of a global scale. Research and revealing of new ways of increasing the efficiency of lasers with solar pumping on the basis of last achievements in the field of materials technology and in other areas of state-of-the-art science represents the important scientific and practical tasks and substantiates the relevance of the dissertation subject.
The aim of research work is revealing the effective ways of transformation of solar energy into the energy of laser radiation by studying the physical processes, taking place in solar pumped laser systems, with taking into account of optical, thermal and mechanical properties of the solid-state laser active mediums.
Scientific novelty' of the research work consists m the following results:
New procedures of modeling processes of multiple reflection and refraction, absorption, and emission that have been based on tracing of single photons without any weight factors instead of usually used photon packages;
For the first time it is created the experimental laser on the big solar furnace and laser power of 80Wis obtained;
For the first time new alternative approach that based on the use of external frequency converters of solar spectrum is proposed and the opportunity of increasing the pumping efficiency of Nd:YAG lasers up to 30-32% is shown;

Yer ostidagi lahzali portlashlaming seysmik ta'siridan foydalangan holda to'liq miqyosli dala tajribalarida olingan natijalar ko'rib chiqiladi. Berilgan geologik holat uchun er osti lahzali portlashlaming seysmik maydoni o'rganildi.

The aim of the research work is to increase the productive capacity of the sands of Central Fergana, to improve anti-erosion technologies, and to develop new agrotechnologies for the care of crops.
Scientific novelty of the research worlds as follows:
For the first time, the improvement of agrophysical and agrochemical properties as well as nutritive regime of sand areas with a natural screen as a result of leaving of rye stubble of 14-15 cm height is proved;
The increase in yields of cotton and other crops included in the cotton complex on deflated hilly-barkhan and sandy lands is determined underapplication of effective norms of mineral and organic fertilizers;
The technology of water saving and improvement of the ecological and reclamation state of sandy lands by creation of natural and artificial screens is developed;
It is determined that as a result of creating natural screens in cotton fields of farms, the cotton boll are opened for 3-4 days earlier compared to conventional method;
A technology has been developed for the use of drainage and irrigation ditch deposits through measures aimed at improving the ecological state of the environment.

Objects of research: CdTe films, the effect generating anomalous photo voltage, thin film solar cells, thermo electro generators based on solid solution of ЕЙгТсз.
Purpose of work: development and creation thermoelectric generators (TEG) and developed structures based on thin-film photosensitive structures and TEG for operating of the temperature 300 - 500K range.
Methods of research: fusing in inert ambience, thermo vacuum evaporation, gas chemistry syntheses, thermo treating, structured analysis, study voltage-current characteristics, warm-up and spectral features, measurement thcrmo-EMF, electro-and thermo conductivity and Hall effect.
The results obtained and their novelty: The principles of the constructing photo thermoelectric devices arc based. These devices were served for transformation of the visible signal in electric with the use cadmium chalcogenides thin films, where TEG based on Bi2Te3 compounds executes the role autonomous power source.
Practicel value: The results of this work arc developed for creation the efficient and cheap renewed sources and issue of the pilot models photo thermo electrical devices.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The designed way of construction of photo thermoelectric converters (the Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan). It is introduced the thermo electrical battery for energy feeding emergency illumination on thermo ways in Ferghana region.
Field of application: Solar power stations, autonomous power sources, instruments of the checking the condition of atmosphere, meteorological stations, instruments of the spy for Sun.

Objects of research: CdTe films, the effect generating anomalous photo voltage, thin film solar cells, thermo electro generators based on solid solution of Bi>Tev
Purpose of work: development and creation thermoelectric generators (TEG) and developed structures based on thin-film photosensitive structures and TEG tor operating of the temperature 300 - 500K range.
Methods of research fusing in inert ambience, thermo vacuum evaporation, gas chemistry syntheses, thermo treating, structured analysis, study voltage-current characteristics, warm-up and spectral features, measurement thermo-EMF. electro-and thermo conductivity and Hall effect.
The results obtained and their novelty: The principles of the constructing photo thermoelectric devices are based. These devices were served for transformation of the visible signal in electric with the use cadmium chalcogenides thin films, where TEG based on Bi^Te.i compounds executes the role autonomous power source.
Practicel value: The results of this work are developed for creation the efficient and cheap renewed sources and issue of the pilot models photo thermo electrical devices
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The designed way of construction of photo thermoelectric converters (the Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan). It is introduced the thermo electrical battery for energy feeding emergency illumination on thermo ways in Ferghana region.
Field of application: Solar power stations, autonomous power sources, instruments of the checking the condition of atmosphere, meteorological stations, instruments of the spy for Sun.

Subjects of research: structures metal-lead-borosilicate glass (SiCb-PbO-BiOj-AbOj-Tc^Os) crystal silicon.
Purpose of work: an establishment of electronic processes proceeding on interfaces silicon - lead-borosilicate glass, subjected to uniform compression and their comparison with the processes occurring on interfaces of silicon - silicon dioxide.
Methods of research: capacity-voltage and relaxation characteristics, temperature dependence of a constant of time of filling, measurement of a tangent of a corner of dielectric losses.
The results obtained and their novelty: it is established, that in a semi-conductor substrate of structure of type metal - glass-semiconductor at influence of pressure it is observed recharge the center with energy of ionization Ec -0,4±0,03 eV with concentration 7Vr=3.1O12 sm3 resulting to change of differential density of superficial statuses near to value of energy Ec - 0,4 eV; the long-term relaxation of capacity of structures metal (Al) - glass (РЬО-ВЮз-ВзОз-АЬОз-ТазОз) the semiconductor (n-Si) under influence of pressure P=8 kilobar is found out; the reason of nonmonotonic change of capacity is established, at impoverishing voltage, structures metal - glass-semiconductor with Mass percentage contents of components of a glass (49:32:15:3:1), with low values of density of superficial statuses at presence of structural defects of acceptor character; it is established, that influence of an impurity of caesium (Cs) on generation-recombinations characteristics of structures metal (Al) glass (РЬО-ЗЮг-ВгОз-АЕОз-ТазО;) the semiconductor (Si) is connected to increase in concentration of caesium in at superficial area of the substrate resulting in reduction of density of superficial statuses.
Practical value: the received results promote expansion of physical performances about processes proceeding in structures metal-glass-semiconuductor at uniform compression and a role in these processes the impurity centers.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the received results can be used by development and manufacturing of semi-conductor devices with improved tensometric properties.
Field of application: microelectronics, semiconductor instrument making.

Actuality and demand of the theme of dissertation. Due to the rapid development of scientific and technological progress in the world mathematical methods have become an important tool in the control of complex systems. In the control of many economic and technical processes it also needs to take into account conflict of different participants. In this regard, it has been created a new branch of mathematics, theory of dynamic games, which consists of two components - the theory of discrete and differential games. In today’s complex market relations in solving many economic and technical problems these theories find their important applications.
After our country gained its independence, in order to promote science and technology a number of reforms have been developed. The President of Uzbekistan decrees dated 7 August 2006 "On measures to improve the coordination and management of the development of science and technology", and of 15 July 2008 "On additional measures to stimulate innovative projects and technologies" and other legal acts of fundamental sciences and their application in various projects were highlighted. Differential games set as the theory of development of mathematical methods of control processes, combines the dynamism, control, fighting, awareness, and optimal number of other important qualities, and represent one of the most complicated mathematical models of real processes having great practical importance.
In the vast majority of works devoted to differential games of pursuit-evasion, it was considered systems in which control were chosen only from the class of bounded functions. Such geometry constraints imposed on the control expressed some constructive opportunities controlling device. The desire for greater adequacy of mathematical models to practical problems led to the necessity of studying differential games with integral constraints on the player controls. Such restrictions express, for example, limitations of energy control, a decrease of other substances, which are spent during the process. Especially in the study of mathematical models of technical processes constraints of this nature it is important in scientific and applied aspect.
The need for the study of control systems in the general statement of requires consideration of models when on the control it is imposed simultaneously both types of geometric and integral constraints, or their linear association. The relevance of the thesis is to develop the foundations of differential games in the direction of pursuit-evasion theory under various constraints on the player controls in the construction of adequate mathematical models to counteract the controlled processes, as well as the development of methods to solve such problems, allowing the development of the theory of mathematical methods of management and fundamental and applied aspects.
The aim of the research is to build a unique parallel prosecution strategy for integrated, linear and different types of restrictions on the controls of players and their application to solving problems of pursuit-evasion.
Scientific novelty consists of the following:
to meet the challenges of persecution, escape with simple movements of the players, when control of players imposed or geometry, or integral, or both geometric and integral constraints pursuer, built parallel prosecution strategy and set of new features, and lower estimates of convergence are obtained for the runaway problem;
It introduces a new concept called a linear constraint on the class of player controls, which contains as a special case and integral, and geometric constraints for the respective types of games built strategy of parallel proceedings;
we solve the problem of the Isaacs-Petrosyan's game with the "life line" when player movement described by linear differential equations, and in the management of players imposed geometric integrals-General or comprehensive restrictions in certain combinations;
method of resolving functions is applied to the solution of the problem of group pursuit with integral constraints on the player controls, and new sufficient conditions for the solvability;
sufficient conditions for the solvability of the group pursuit tasks to control example of Pontryagin, as well as the problem of "/-catch" in the case of integral constraints on the control.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The problems of pursuit-evasion is solved, when the points move without inertia and controls of the players satisfying integral, heterogeneous and complex constraints. For these cases constructed analogues of parallel strategies to ensure optimum convergence.
2. In first considered differential games with a new type of linear constraints on controls, reinforcing the traditional integrated and geometric constraints.
3. A complete solution the problem of pursuit-evasion, when the pursuer linear control imposed restriction, and control of the evader - purely geometric, the validity of the theorem on the alternative Krasovsky.
4. The solution of the problem of harassment in the case where the control of the pursuer and evader imposed linear constraints, appropriate strategies are built parallel to prosecution, as well to guarantee optimal convergence.
5. Investigate problems Isaacs-Petrosyan's game with the «life line», when the players of the same type of movement described by linear differential equations with several types of constraints on the player controls, obtained ratio expresses the change in the dynamics of the set meeting points.
6. Development of a method of resolving functions in relation to the problem of group pursuit with integral constraints on the player controls, obtain new sufficient conditions for the solvability of the pursuit problem in the production of Pontryagin.
The work is theoretical. The basis of the theory of differential games occupies a central place to build and ensure optimal strategies for the players. The scientific value of the results of research is to build such strategies under various constraints on the control and use. Note that the results in terms of content will form the basis of a new direction in the theory of controls.

In order to evaluate students' knowledge effectively, it is critical that they use their imaginations, provide thorough answers to the questions posed, and connect the material to the natural world and life. This sparks students' interest in science and, as a result, boosts the teacher's own teaching effectiveness.

Subjects of the inquiry: silicate brick and cellular concrete on lime-silica mixture with additive THAL.
Aim of the inquiry: Development scientifically-motivated principle physicchemical and resource saving- technologies of the reception silicate material autoclaving of the repeating over and over again with perfected technician-working characteristic by way of the goal-directed change the mechanism of the processes hydratasionnog interactions component, kineticses of the structurization and morphologies hydrating new formations at hydrotermalno to processing lime-silica systems by introduction thermo- and thermo chemical of the actuated additives of the local origin.
Methods of inquiry: chemical, physico-mechanical (the determination plastic and mechanical toughness), physico-chemical (x-rays phase, DTA, electronic-microscopic, IK-spectroscopic) methods studies, hydrotermalno processing, method of the thermal processing.
The results achieved and their novelty: is Designed scientifically-methodical principles physico-chemical base and resource saving technology of the reception silicate autoclave material by determinations correlation dependencies "structure-characteristic" and regularities hydratasionnog interactions mineral in silicate composition "barhan sand-lime-melted" at hydratasionnog to processing. Because of quick collecting certain portion by Sa(ON)2 alyminat by join process dissolutions of silica speeds up hydraalyminat calcium in saturated lime ambience with formation hydrasilikat lowered and is warned their transition about high main hydra silicates, forming hydra silicates type SSN(ln) are stable in hardening system. Armirovannyy, nitevidnim and voloknnistnimi crystal hydra mineral silicate brick shows the high factors physico-mechanical characteristic, atmosphere- and frost stability.
Due to exception plastic characteristic clinics forming lessee under his(its) thermochemical of the activations with fosfogypsum the process gas of the formation, increases the utilization ratio gas of the formation, grows shorter duration of the process вспучивания, speeds up the structurization, grows shorter time an izotermal aboutgreva gas of the concrete, increases his(its) toughness and frost stability, decreases waterabsorption.
Practical value: enlarges the source of raw materials for production of the silicate building materials autoklavnoy repeating over and over again to account of scale involvement broadly wide-spread in Uzbekistan лессов and lessoseen loam, enormous spare of the departure fosfogypsum, is reached economy of lime, and reduction to duration of their fabrication to account of the using THAL, providing high technician-working characteristic product and design. The Results of the studies served the normative base for development NTD on pilot production of the silicate brick and cellular concrete with use thermo- and THAL, on base which is organized test on issue experienced their party.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The Results of the studies are checked in condition Urgenchskogo ZSM by issue to initial lot of the silicate brick in volume 3460 sht on base lime- silica searched for, with additive 15-20 % TAL. To account spare 4-5 % lime prime cost, on 100 kgs mixture reduction cost silicate mixture forms 2320 sum. that has allowed to get 110720 bags of the economic effect. At translation Urgenchskogo ZSM on issue of the silicate brick with additive TAL expected economic effect will form 41472000 bags/year.
Experienced-industrial test, called on on Dzhizakskom K.SM on issue of the initial lot of the cellular silicate concrete with use THAL has shown that prime cost of the cellular concrete of the recommended composition lower, prime cost of the traditional cellular silicate concrete. Expected economic effect under annual volume of production 64300 m’ silicate cellular concrete with use THAL will form 46937000 bags/year
Sphere of usage: industry of the building materials and formation industry RUz.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. In present application of modem technology in rapid development of industry, ecological problems solving, production of completion ability and ecological pure compounds arc becoming an actial problems. In last decades using of methods of nanotechnology and innovations in development of economics is actual problem and on the base of their using yearly growth of production of necessary products has consisted 35%. In this aspect preparation of nanosized materials with using of nanotechnology, increasing their physico-chemical properties arc important scientific-practical value. Sol-gel process has a great importance for obtaining of the nanostructured materials. The process has already opened new perspectives in affording materials with high purity and homogeneity and allowed to synthesize at low temperatures and to incorporate different transition metal oxides. Preparation of porous materials and their using has allowed to formation new types of materials with improved properties and solution of problem dealing with environmental issues. This has been clearly displayed at wastewater treatment with using of nanostructured materials in industrial scale.
The new industrial enterprises have been introduced in our country by using of modem technologies, modernization and production of some new products for different fields of industry. On these enterprises the adsorption materials arc wide used for water treatment and purification technology.
A research interest in obtaining and studying of nanoscale porous powders and monoliths on the basis of titanium dioxide has been significantly increased for the last decades. This is due to the fact that the specific surface area of titanium dioxide increases at particle size attenuation, allowing to quantitatively increasing the number of reaction sites on the surface. Besides, the distance to the surface reaction sites can be reduced at the expense of particle size decrease, leading to more effective separation and transfer of photo-generated charge carriers. The versatility of the properties of clusters and nanoparticlcs synthesized in the last decade has allowed using them in the processes of deep oxidation of organic compounds, including cco-pollutants. However, the successful application of such systems is possible only in case of their systematic investigation, including physical and chemical analysis of the features of formation, morphology, structure, and properties of the nanoparticles, the sorption characteristics of substrates and products of the reaction on the surface of the synthesized nanoparticlcs, kinetics and mechanisms of the chemical reactions. The physico-chemical investigation and analysis of the nanostructured systems allow to direct their synthesis with predetermined properties. The use of nanotechnology for the preparation of adsorption/photocatalytic materials with given functionality using sol-gel process offers great opportunities for the development of synthesis methods of a new generation of porous materials.
This dissertation work is oriented on the realization of resolutions of President of Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1071 from March 11, 2009 and the decision №142  of the Cabinet of Ministers from May 27, 2013 «About Program of Actions by Protection of Environment of the Republic of Uzbekistan during 2013-2017 years» and also provided by others normative-law documents.
Purpose of research work is the development of the formation of nanostructured tailor-designed porous titania based materials and investigation of their physico-chemical characteristics.
Scientific novelty of the research work consists of:
porous nanostructured materials based on titanium dioxide, and carbon and silica were obtained by sol-gel process and the optimal conditions of the process were developed;
goal-directed synthesis of porous monolithic perovskites by impregnation of alkaline-earth metal ions into the preformed porous TiCri was carried out for the first time and by doping with nitrogen, their application in visible light induced photodegradation of organic pollutants has been extended;
the mechanisms and the interaction nature of phenols and their derivatives on the adsorbents based on titanium dioxide, carbon, and silica obtained by one-step sol-gel technology have been established;
the chemical mechanisms, thermodynamics and kinetics characteristics of adsorption-photocatalytic reactions, the effect of porosity, and the nature of the adsorbcnt/photocatalyst for photodecomposition of organic pollutants were determined.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the research on a doctoral thesis on «Physico-chemical aspects of the preparation of nanostructured titania based porous materials» provided the following conclusions:
1. Mesoporous titania and materials obtained on the bases of porous titania were produced by the sol-gel reaction of titanium alkoxide in the presence of various amounts of polyethylene glycol templates at room temperature under careful control of the pH of solution. The nitridation of sol-gel TiO2 under a modest flow of ammonia gas resulted in the formation of nitrogen-doped TiO2 porous monolith with the retained hierarchical porosity and bicrystallinc structure.
2. A reliable sol-gel coating of the surface of activated carbon with TiO2 and textural parameters of the TiO2/C composites were evaluated. The adsorption capacity of the TiO2/C composite was determined, and the results were attributed to the fact that the activated carbon adsorbent makes up the vast majority in specific surface area of the TiO2/C composite and the preparation method produced a surface for favorable adsorption for phenols. The thickness of the TiO2/C coating layer affected the adsorption properties of the initial carbon adsorbent as well as the adherence of the TiO2 on it.
3. The preparation of nanoporous SiO2-TiO2 via the sol-gel approach which involves the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and titanium tetra-n-butoxide in the presence of polyethylene glycol as the pore-forming or structure-directing agent was developed. The morphology and dispersion control of the titania-silica monolith with macro-mcso pore system, the effect of the initial titanium precursor on homogeneity of the resultant titania-silica monoliths, macropore formation, and phase separation tendency were investigated. The titania-silica monolith possesses mesopores and exhibits a typical hierarchically arranged bimodal porous structure.
4. For the first time, a simple and versatile route for the fabrication of perovskite ЛТЮ3 monoliths containing alkalinc-carths (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) with hierarchical pore structures having high porosity with narrow pore size distribution centered at the diameter of ~ l//m was developed. The presence of large macropores substantially improves the mass transport of liquids and gases through the fabricated materials. Macroporous TiO2-SrTiO2 and nitrogen - doped TiO2-SrTiOj heterostructured monoliths were obtained by producing and impregnating porous TiO2 monolith in a strontium-containing aqueous solution with following calcination and nitridation of the prepared hcterostructurc under a modest flow of ammonia gas at 780°C for 2h. The TiO2-SrTiO3 hcterostructurc is composed of fine nanocrystals with the size of 15-20 nm and possesses a narrow macroporc size distribution with mean size of ~ 1.7 /лп.
5. The N-dopcd TiO2-SrTiO3 hcterostructurc mainly consists of anatasc-TiO2 and perovskite-type SrTiO3 and is characterized by fine nanocrystals with the size of 8-10nm and a narrow macroporc size distribution with mean size of ~1.3//m. A red-shift of the absorption edge to 450nm was found after N-doping, resulting in the decrease of the optical band gap energy to 2.76cV. The photocatalytic activity of the N- doped TiO2-SrTiO3 hcterostructurc showed that the model organic dye Rhodamine В in aqueous solution was efficiently degraded under visible light within 120 min.
6. It was found that the effect of pH on the adsorption of NP5EO was minimum in comparison with the adsorption of phenol. A large reduction in the adsorption of NP5EO at high pH was not observed, whereas a large reduction was observed for phenol adsorption. The NP5EO molecules arc less acidic than phenol molecules; therefore, any deprotonation of the hydroxyl end group on the ethoxylate chain will occur in much smaller extent, and a large number of interactions possibly between the adsorbent surface and NP5EO molecules will dampen any repulsion effect. According to the kinetics study results, the adsorption rate of phenol was found to be first order and its rate was higher than the rate of NP5EO adsorption.
7. The TiO2/C composite was found to out-perform during the photodegradation of phenol then native TiO2 at all pH values. It was found that the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 and TiO2/C composites for the degradation of phenol was found to be the most favourable in alkaline conditions (pH=9), which was two times higher than at pH=7. The electrostatic repulsion between the phenolate anions and the negatively charged titania surface (due to deprotonated hydroxyl groups) under basic conditions would be as expected due to the increased rate of photodegradation of phenol molecules in comparison with acidic and neutral mediums. Both the TiO2 and TiO2/C systems showed the same selectivity in the photodegradation of NP5EO molecules, i.e. the longer ethoxylate chains were degraded preferentially. The photodegradation of TX-100 indicated that a by-product/intcrmcdiate was formed in the early stages of the reaction and then it was photocatalytically degraded. Upon the completion of the photocatalytic reaction, the SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles aggregated. The results from chromatographic analysis showed that several products of photocatalytic degradation were formed and remained adsorbed on the photocatalyst/adsorbcnt surfaces.
8. The developed preparation procedure of porous mctalloxidc nanomatcrials by sol-gel process and their application in utilization of aqueous solution of toxic compounds were used in the following scientific projects: «Composite materials for chemical sensing» University of Vienna (Department of Physical Chemistry; Austria); «In-situ formation of mctal/alloy nanoparticles and their application to catalytic reactions supported on monolithic hydride silica» Kyoto University (Department of Chemistry; Japan).

Subjects of research: single crystals of refractory metals Tungsten and Molybdenum, nonferrous metal - Aluminium and semiconductor -Silicon.
Purpose of work: Investigation of the dependence of electron emission on orientation and azimuthal angle at electron and ionic bombardment. Comparative research of Auger spectra obtained at the bombardment of solid by electron and ionic beam.
Methods of research: Auger electron spectroscopy and Auger ion spectroscopy.
The results obtained and their novelty: change of impurity elements peak in Auger spectrum of Mo and W single crystals at the bombardment under different incident and azimuthal angles. Comparative investigation of Auger spectra of W, Al, Si single crystals at electron and ionic bombardment. Similarity of the data obtained from experimental Auger spectra and calculated data.
Practical value: application of the scientific-practical recommendation from research works helps to improve quantity of the products of metallurgical and cable works of our republic and can be used at choice of materials in technology of electron and radio technique.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: the results of scientific work are applied in the electron techniques and in manufacturing of products and checking their chemical composition in metallurgical and cable works of Uzbekistan.
Field of application: metallurgical and cable works, research institutes and high education institutes.

Subjects of research: pGaAs-nGaAs-Ag structure and nGaAs-pGaAs-Ag- structur
Purpose of work: research of physical features of widening of space charge’s past and creation of gradient field with field operation of optical parameters of the base tno-barricr gallium arsenium structure with homojunction.
Methods of research: current-voltage characteristics, volt-capacity characteristics and spectral characteristics. Comparison of received data with calculated ones.
The results obtained and their novelty: For the fest time physical-technological criteria providing photo galvanic conditions and photodiode ones at manufacture of two-junction gallium arsenium n-p-m-structurc by liquid epitaxy on the basis of creation of diffusion field and direct penetration of light radiation to p-n-junction’s border arc realized; it has been shown that mechanisms of current transport in two-junction n-p-m-structurc arc determined by thermo electron emission through metal-semiconductor junction with simultaneous generation processes in space charge past of p-n-junction depending on switching conditions; for the first time it has been experimentally shown interrelation of photocurrent’s internal amplification with phototransistor effect taking past at the change of work voltage’s polarity; it has been experimentally carried out abnormal phenomenon of spectral photosensitivity caused by electrical fields, resulting in narrowing width of base’s forbidden zone in conditions of p-m-junction’s blocking.
Practical value: The offered design of reverse switched two-junction nGaAs-pGaAs-Ag-structurc can be used for reception and amplification of optical signals as well as the modulator of light in optical-electron devices of different types.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the basic scientific results and methods submitted in the dissertation arc the basis for manufacture of devices for reception and communication of optical signal in scientific production associations of Academy of science of the Republic Uzbekistan and for other device-making organizations.
Field of application: Optical-electronical and telecommunication systems.

Object of the research: the process of teaching physics
The aim of the research: The periodical law of physics and the proof of the physical education according ot the law.
Methods of the research: To analyze literature regarding the research; to observe teaching process, conversation with the teacher and a pupil, to observe professional expricnce of school teachers, to prepare questionnaires, to conduct, to work out and analyse statistically the pedagogical experiment.
Scientific novelty of the research: Considering the periodic education law as a separate subject, the periods of physical education were methodically characterised, the diffcrcnciation was analyzed, the practical outcome of physical pcriodisation was reflected and the technology of governing physical education periodically at secondary schools and learning teaching materials were thoroughly established.
Practical importance of the research: the periodic technology of teaching physics which is the result of the research - can be widely used in teaching physics at secondary schools; in creation of teaching material; in working out new forms of independent and distance learning and in teachers’ training system. It can also be used in teaching other subjects at secondary schools and in other stages of education.
Efficiency and the implementation of the project: More than 30 articles, brochures and a monography were published on this dissertation. The results of the research were discussed and analyzed in the scientific conferences in foreign and local teachers and professors conferences and meetings at Bukhara State University and in another educational establishments. (Bukhara - 2000, 2001,
2002, 2003; Karshi city - 2003, 2004; Guliston city 2002, 2005; Samarkand -
2003, 2004, Tashkent city 2003, 2005; Termez city 2003, 2004; Namangan city 2005, Ferghana city 2002, 2004). The efficiency of the research at secondary schools has reached 20.8% at average.
The degree of implementation: The results of the research can be used in teaching physics at secondary schools, in teachers training system, in the creation of text-books and other teaching materials and in condiction research works connected to this matter.

The aim of research work is to determine the influence of the multichargcd nanoclusters with triple-charge state in the silicon lattice on photoelectric and fundamental properties of silicon.
Scientific novelty of the research does consist in the following:
optimal thermodynamic conditions of doping and parameters of the ingot that would ensure shaping of multichargcd nanoclusters with manageable charge multiplicity were determined;
it was determined that in silicon with multiply charged centers mobility of charge carriers essentially increases 3^5 times as a function of intensity of illumination and 2, times as a function of the magnitude of the electric field that is explained by reduction of charge states of multiply charged centers under illumination and reduction of scattering of charge carriers on multiply charged centers;
the effect of extension of spectral range of photosensitivity of silicon up to 10 microns in the temperature 100K. has been found, that is explained by reorganization of energy states of electrons in multiply charged nanoclusters;
the effect of high photosensitivity in the spectral range of energies 0.12-41.75 eV caused by formation of local nanovariband structures in the vicinity of multichargcd center (the theory of Frans-Kcldish) due to occurrence strong electric field intensity across silicon-cluster periphery has been determined;
reduction of photoconductivity with peak quantity at 0.43^-0.55eV interval while the sample was not exposed to illumination by the «background» light was determined that is explained due to tunneling of electrons from cluster to band levels of potential wells of holes;
anomalous high impurity residual photoconducttivity at spectral range of 0.15-41.4 eV characterized by huge relaxation time of 103 sec was established that is explained by the absence of recombination between captured electrons in cluster and holes located in potential wells.

Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. Modem astronomical observations on myrovom level on the ground and space telescopes, and recent discoveries have provided convincing evidence that black holes have a significant impact on nearby objects around, emitting powerful gamma-ray bursts, absorbing the next star, and stimulating the growth of newborn stars in the surrounding areas. Study the photons motion around rotating black holes, in particular, the discovery and analysis of the form of silhouettes of these objects, setting and effective implementation of relevant radiostronomical observations on the proof of the existence of the black hole horizon and retrieval of information events on the central object in our galaxy within the Black Hole Cam (BHC) and Event Horizon Telesop (EHT) international projects is one of the most important tasks of modem astrophysics.
In the years of Independence, huge attention is paid to the development of theoretical physics and astronomy and basic research in these areas on a global level. In this regard has been achieved significant results in the field of relativistic astrophysics, in particular, developping a model of the magnetosphere of a neutron star, the analysis of the space-time structure and motion of test particles around black holes.
The study astrophysical processes in the vicinity of compact objects and their comparison with observational data is now one of the most important tasks in astrophysics of compact objects. The most important tasks is to conduct solid research work, in particular studies on following directions: to find the exact solutions describing the space-time around a gravitational compact objects; analysis of space-time structures in the framework of these decisions and find the equation of motion of test particles, such as photons; determining the silhouettes of black holes in general relativity and alternative theories of gravity; determination of the influence of the central object parameters and the plasma environment on the form of a silhouette; identify energy loss dependence on the choice of the relativistic star of the gravity model. These objectives justify the topicality of the global level of scientific research.
This research work corresponds the tasks given by governmental regulatory documents, Orders of President of the Republic of Uzbekistan # UP-559 “Onhigh level astronomical observatories and complexes of their service” from February 11, 1993, # UP-4512 “On works further developing alternative sources of energies” from March 1, 2013.
The aim of the research is the development of a theoretical formalism describing shadows of black holes and the identification of the physical laws of high-cncrgctical processes in the vicinity of rotating black holes.
The scientific novelty of the research is the follows:
For the first time a new coordinate-independent formalism to describe the shape of the black holes shadow has been developed and it was revealed that the first five coefficients of the polynomial expansion is sufficient to describe the properties of rotating black holes shadow with the accuracy of ~0.1%, it has been shown that the proposed definition of distortion of black holes shadow arc stable under the signal noise;
it has been found that the observed size of the shadow of the black hole decreases due to the refraction of electromagnetic radiation in a plasma environment;
for the first time it was shown that for the high efficiency of the ultrahigh-cncrgy processes relative to distant observers, both the non-existence of the horizon, and the strong rotational effects arc necessary;
it was also shown that significant magnification of the efficiency of the ultra-high energy collisions is possible due to additional electromagnetic phenomena influencing collisions of charged particles;
for the first time it was shown that energy extraction through Penrose process is more realistic process among the energy extraction mechanisms from the rotating black hole in Horava-Lifshitz scenario; moreover, due to the Horava-Lifshitz gravity correction particles could be prevented from the infinite acceleration.
for the first time it was shown that the effect of compactness of strange star on the electromagnetic power loss of the star is non-ncgligible;
it was found that the strange star will lose more energy than typical rotating neutron star in general relativity.
CONCLUSION
According to the results of the research carried out on the theme of the doctoral dissertation “Particles and electromagnetic fields around axial-symmetric compact gravitating objects”, the following conclusions arc presented:
1. We have developed a new general and coordinate-independent formalism in which the shadow is described as an arbitrary polar curve expressed in terms of a Legendre expansion. It was revealed that the first five coefficients of the polynomial expansion is sufficient to describe the properties of rotating black holes shadow with the accuracy of -0.1%. Our formalism does not presume any knowledge of the properties of the shadow and offers a number of routes to characterize the properties of the curve. It has been shown that the proposed definition of distortion of black holes shadow arc stable under the signal noise.
2. The analytical expressions for the vacuum electromagnetic fields of deformed rotating black holes in the external asymptotically uniform magnetic field hads been obtained. It has been revealed that the induced electric field around the deformed black hole depends on the deformation parameter linearly, and the magnetic field squared.
3. An upper limit for the deformation parameter for the rotating non-Kerr black hole has been obtained through comparison of the observable values of the radius of innermost stable circular orbits with the theoretical results obtained in the dissertation as £ < 22.
4. It has been obtained the silhouettes of the rotating black holes shadow in the presence of an inhomogeneous plasma, which can be used to identify additional asymmetries in the shape of the shadow and retrieve information on the plasma parameters and the central compact object. 
5. Expressions for energy and momentum, as well as radii of innermost stable circular orbits of charged particles in the vicinity of a black hole with gravitomagnctic charge immersed in external magnetic field has been obtained. It has been established that due to the existence of gravitomagnctic charge particle arc prevented from acceleration to infinitely high cncrgires.
6. It has been shown that In the presence of a plasma the observed shape and size of the shadow changes depending on (i) the plasma parameters, (ii) the black hole spin, and (iii) the inclination angle between the observer plane and the axis of rotation of the black hole. It has been found that the observed size of the shadow of the black hole decreases due to the refraction of electromagnetic radiation in a plasma environment. It was shown that with the increase of the dimensionless plasma parameter, the maximum value of the energy emission rate from the black hole decreases due to the decrease of the size of the black hole shadow.
7. It was shown that for the high efficiency of the ultrahigh-cncrgy processes relative to distant observers, both the non-existence of the horizon, and the strong rotational effects arc necessary; it was also shown that significant magnification of the efficiency of the ultra-high energy collisions is possible due to additional electromagnetic phenomena influencing collisions of charged particles.
8. It was shown that energy extraction through Penrose process is more realistic process among the energy extraction mechanisms from the rotating black hole in Horava-Lifshitz scenario; moreover, due to the Horava-Lifshitz gravity correction particles could be prevented from the infinite acceleration.
9. It was shown that the effect of compactness of strange star on the electromagnetic power loss of the star is non-ncgligiblc and may help in future in distinguishing the strange star model via pulsar timing observations. It was found that the relativistic strange star would lose more energy than typical rotating neutron star in general relativity. The obtained dependence may be useful in further investigations of the possible dctcction/distinguishmcnt of the strange stars.

Topicality and necessity of the thesis. Improvement in a technology of producing the solid nanofilms, reduction of defects in them and perfection of qualitative parameters of the nanofilms arc of great significance. In this respect, purposeful scientific studies, including scientific search in the following directions arc important problems: modernization of setups to produce thin films, theoretical simulation of practical results in chemical bonds, creation of a crystal lattice model in the presence of impurity atoms of oxygen and carbon formed under thermal treatment of molubdenum and tungsten, practical application of the dispersion spectra of electron energy loss under reflection from thin free films of copper and silver and transmission through them. The scientific search in the above indicated directions justifies topicality and relevance of the subject of the dissertation.
The goal of the research is to study the orientation effects occurring in the process of charged particle interaction with crystals of diverse nature, places of impurity atom localization and development of methods of surface diagnostics.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
• for the first time, the formation of additional Auger peaks near the lines L2.3VV has been found in the ion Auger spectra of well purified single crystals Mo, W, Si, Cu and Al, which can be explained by partial formation of their oxides;
• an octahedral position of the oxygen and carbon atoms located at the crystalline lattice internodes in the near-surface layers Mo(100) and W(100) has been established;
• a thin structure of the energy distribution caused by a simultaneous contribution of the ions experienced axial, plane channeling and chaotic transmission through single crystalline free films of Cu and Ag has been found within the energy range of ion beams Eo=5-4O keV;
• a dependence of ion energy loss under channeling through single-crystalline nano-films on polar and azimuthal angle has been defined; these losses arc 3-4 times less than in the case of polycrystal;
• a simple oscillation model of dielectric penetrability and an algorithm of EELS spectrum calculation have been proposed; it has been established that the energy losses to excite a bulk plasmon is more in reflection than that in transmission;
• for the first time, a technique of estimating an amorphization degree of the surface layers of thin free films of metals under ion bombardment has been proposed and realized.

The aim of the research is to develop a mathematical model and algorithms for solving of problems of optimal planning of power system’s short-term modes with load management of electric consumers and taking into account the regime and technological limitations.
Scientific novelty of the research is as following:
a mathematical model of the problem of optimization of loads of electric consumers in the planning of power system’s short-term modes;
an algorithm for the optimal planning of power system’s short-term modes with load management of electric consumers and taking into account regime and technological limitations;
an algorithm for accounting for power plants with a limited supply of primary energy resources has been developed for the optimal planning of power system’s short-term modes;
the algorithm of the network factor accounting is developed at the optimal planning of power system’s short-term modes.

Subbjects of research: superlattices on the basis of GaAs with a rectangular quantum well (QW) and with a quantum well with an inclined bottom, and also volumetric crystals CdS and CuCl.
Purpose of work: creation of the theory of optical-deformation interaction in volumetric crystals and superlattices with different types of quantum wells near the exciton and interband resonances.
Methods of research: methods of consecutive approximation, theory of indignations, variation methods, standard technique of matrix of density and for the first time developed technique of matrix of density for variable number of quasi-particls.
The results obtained and their novelty: the generalized technique of finding resonant dielectric constant and photoclasticity coefficients in superlattices taking into account of width of QW and in superlattices with inclined bottom of QW near exciton resonances frequencies is constructed. Significant increase of dielectric constant and photoclasticity coefficients caused by both exciton localization in QW, and increasing density of excitons maximum packing in superlattice is shown. It has been shown, that system of nonintcracting electrons and the holes, being in the superlattice layer making QW, can be considered as oscillator similar exciton. For the first time it is shown, that localization of excitons in QW causes significant increase of dielectric constant as well as photoclasticity coefficients near exciton and interband resonances.
Practical value: the general theory of optical-deformation properties of volumetric and low-dimension structures for exciton and interband resonances frequencies. Results of research expand circle of knowledge about sensitivity of optical parameters of semiconductor crystals under deformation influence. On the basis of these results new types of acoustooptical devices, working in exciton and interband resonances frequencies and possessing by smaller operating power and larger sensitivity to external sound signal than usual devices can be created.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: received results can be used at development of new types of devices for high-speed and not contact regulation of optical radiation (deflectors, modulators, acoustooptical filters etc.), and also at lecturing special courses at nanotechnology faculties in high education schools.
Field of application: nanotechnology, acoustooptics, optoelectronics.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. Nowadays applying of state-of-the-art technologies is becoming a very urgent task to face ecology and climate challenges due to fast development of various branches of industry and energy production, and also to be able to meet competition in the market. It is especially noticeable in such activities as desalination of natural water for industrial usage, extraction of precious metals from process solutions, wastewater treatment by ion-exchange technologies. «For the past years the need for technology solutions based on ion-exchange has been increasing. A considerable part of materials used for water purification is ion-exchange resins»1.
Starting from the very beginning of our independence, in Uzbekistan all required conditions have been creating for industrial development and new nonwaste productions of competitive, ecological and import-substituting goods arc creating. We can name some of them - «Shurtan Gas Chemical» and «Ustyurt Gas Chemical», producing polymers using local raw materials, and a new chemical plant which is creating at «Navoiyazot Ltd» and expecting to be completed in 2017 with annual production of 100000 tons of polyvinylchloride (PVC). It makes possible to difersify chemical industry by creation of production of various polymer materials having different and complex properties.
Developing and increasing of industrial production over the world creates new demands for sorbent materials, especially targeted rcascarchcs on synthesizing sorbents having complex properties arc one of high-priority tasks and the following aspects arc of high interest: obtaining ion-exchange materials having complex properties and contatining acidic as well as basic groups, determining the selectivity of synthesized sorbents for precious, rare and nonferrous metals, waste water treatment by removing toxic and heavy metal ions.
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The study aimes particularly at solving tasks defined in President’s Decrees №916 dated 15 July 2008 «On additional measures to stimulate innovation rpojects and technology implementation into production» and №1071 dated 11 March 2009 «On measures to accelerate creation and adoption of production of new types of chemical products» and oter relevant legal documents.
Purpose of research work: is synthesizing anionites and polyampholitic resins containing nitrogen and phosphorus groups by modifying polyvinylchloride and studying the physical and chemical properties of obtained products.
Scientific novelty of the research work consists of:
Optimal conditions for synthesis of anion-exchange resin using granular polyvinylchloride as a substrate have been determined for the first time; it has been shown that reaction depends on porosity of modified polyvinylchloride structure and follows under heterogeneous reaction kinetics rules;
ion-exchange resin containing nitrogen and phosphorous groups and having polycomplcxon properties has been synthesized by modifying granular polyvinylchloride based anionite with phosphorous acid; optimal conditions for this process have been developed;
it has been found that synthesized ionites have high sorption efficiency, thermic and mechanical resistance and arc similar to those of commercial anionite AN-31 in terms of abovementioned characteristics;
high sorption factors of synthesized anionites and polycomplexons for chromate, copper, vanadium, nickel, indium ions and iodine have been found and metal ions have been extracted in dynamic conditions from complex solution containing copper (II), nickel (II), zinc (II), cobalt (II) and high selectivity of polyampholitic resin for Cu(II) ions has been found.
CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions on doctoral dissertation «Obtaining and physicalchemical properties of nitrogen- and phosphorus containing ionites on the base of polyvinylchloride» arc represented:
1. The impact of several factors on a modification process of granular polyvinylchloride with polyethylene polyaminc as well as on condensation process with phosphorous acid in the presence of formalin has been studied in order to produce anionite and nitrogen- and phosphorous containing polycomplcxon. The value of activation energy and dependence of reaction rate only on concentration of low-molecular reagents show that the studied processes run in accordance with the rules of heterogenic reactions.
2. Chemical structure of anionit and polycomplexons produced on the base of granular polyvinylchloride, their chemical and thermal resistance have been proved by IR-spcctroscopy, element analysis, thermic analysis and analytical methods. It has been determined that appearance of ion-exchange features of anionite is due to amine groups and of plycomplcxon is due to amine groups and residues of phosphorous groups.
3. The main physical and chemical properties of obtained anionites and polyampholytes, defined in official standards, have been examined in laboratory and industrial conditions and it has been represented that synthesized anionite is not worse than AN-31 commercial anionite which is used in industry.
4. Kinetics and thermodynamics of a sorption process of Cr2O2'7 ions and iodine from potassium iodide solution by anion-exchange resin synthesized from granular polyvinylchloride has been studied. Defined kinetic and thermodynamic parameters show high affinity of anion resin to dichromate ions and molecular iodine and its resistance to the influence of strong oxidizers.
5. The following order of selectivity for non-ferreous metals: Cu(II)>Ni(II)>In(III)> vanadyl(I) has been defined by studying kinetics and thermodynamics of absorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), In(III) and vanadyl(I) by polycomplcxon.
6. Sorption and desorption of Cu(II) and In(III) by synthesized polycomplcxon in dynamic condition have been examined. Obtained results demonstrate chemical stability of polycomplcxon and its repeatedly usage has been recommended. Containing nitrogen and phosphorus polycomplcxon has been successfully used to extract and concentrate indium selectively from complex technological solution of Zn producing plant of «ОММС» JSC company.
7. Granular anion resin on the base of polyvinylchloride has been synthesized in large amount using a pilot device at «MAXAM-CHIRCHIQ» company and used for effective desalination of natural waters. The anion resin was able to work 10-15% longer than competitive anion resin. It is recommended by Notification Letter №42 of Cabinet of Ministers to invest one billion sums by «MAXAM-CHIRCHIQ» company JSC on production of PPE-1 anion resin.
8. A high efficiency is achieved in using anion resins to remove impurities of thermic stable salts from mcthyldicthanolaminc that is used for cleaning converter gases in «Fargonaazot» company (Reference Letter of «Fargonaazot» №37/3768, dated 26 July 2016). The annual cost efficiency has been estimated as 10 million sums.

Topicality and necessity of the thesis. The study of nonequilibrium processes in silicon, doped non-traditional contaminants (NP) - transition and rare-earth elements and multilayer structures based on it as an opportunity to identify ways to improve reliability, service life and reproducibility of electrical parameters of semiconductor devices. This aspect of the study of the processes of interaction of non-traditional impurities among themselves and with uncontrolled impurities in silicon; development of methods for non-stationary capacitance spectroscopy for the determination of bulk and surface defects in silicon multilayer structures; a study of electrophysical and optical properties of silicon doped NP; study on the interaction of atoms of NP growth with impurities (oxygen) in silicon; the study of the physical processes occurring in the volume of dielectric, semiconductor, on the border of their section and in the transition layer of Si - SiO2; the study of the influence of external factors (irradiation, temperature, etc.) on the properties of silicon and silicon multilayer structures of the type metal-insulator-semiconductor (TIR); a study of the influence of some impurities deep - V, Ni, Sm and Gd on the properties of silicon MIS structures is considered to be one of the most important tasks. Research work conducted in these areas point to the relevance of the topic of this thesis.
The aim of research work is to the study of the processes of defect formation in silicon, doped with impurities of non-traditional - transitional and rare earth elements, and a study of the influence of these impurities on the properties of silicon MIS structures.
Scientific novelty of the research work is the method of determining parameters of MIS structures by DLTS at a constant capacitance (CC-DLTS) is high-resolution Nss<1109 cm’2 eV’1), which allows to determine the energy spectrum of surface-state density at low values of Nss, the kinetics of various electron processes in MIS-structures, as well as separately to determine the parameters of electrically active defects in the bulk semiconductor, the dielectric, the transition layer Si-SiO2 and at the border of the section;
discovered that irradiation of silicon MIS structures у-quanta and electrons in the volume of dielectric is the formation of new radiation defects, the increase in the concentration of which in high doses leads to the through current, preventing the formation of a stable inversion layer at the semiconductor surface, they are removed from the surface Si;
the proposed method of determining the parameters and location of different radiation defects in mos structures exposed to penetrating radiation at positive and negative bias to the field electrode, providing the stabilizing conditions for the formation of radiation defects;

The concept of a system of nonlinear equations, the stages of solving the problem, the geometric interpretation of the solution of the
equation and the concept of iterative processes are given and their application is shown in the examples. The problem of numerical solution of a number of practical problems consisting of a system of nonlinear equations is considered. There are a number of approximate computational methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations, including Newton's method. Using these methods, a number of specific practical problems were solved, a computational algorithm and a block diagram were developed. An approximate method of finding the true roots of a system of nonlinear equations is given, based on examples, graphs are used in the form of results,
and appropriate conclusions are drawn

Subjects of inquiry: objects of research arc spectral decomposition and their Riesz means of the functions describing various physical processes.
Aim of the inquiry: necessary conditions of summability of the spectral decomposition connected with various elliptic operators.
Methods of inquiry: modem methods of the theory of functions, the functional analysis, the spectral theory of operators arc applied.
The results achieved and their novelty: all results arc new:
1) necessary conditions of convergence of Riesz means of spectral decomposition on eigenfunctions of operator Laplace arc established.
2) necessary conditions of convergence of spectral decomposition on eigenfunctions of polyharmonic operators arc found.
3) the conditions of the generalized continuity necessary for summability of spectral decomposition on eigenfunctions of Schrodinger operator in an arbitrary three-dimensional domain are received.
4) necessary conditions of convergence of spectral decomposition of functions from Sobolev space by eigenfunctions of Laplas-Bcltrami operator arc found.
Practical value: dissertation’s results are theoretical.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: on the basis of received results a special course will be read for the students of the magistracy.
Sphere of usage: results and the methods presented in work can be used in scientific researches in mathematical physics, mathematical analysis and functional analysis.

Subjects of research: multirangc current transformers (TT).
Purpose of work: development and study multirange transformer of the current with extended functional possibility and perfected dynamic characteristic for managerial systems device supply railway.
Methods of research: theories electric and magnetic circuits and electromagnetic field, inaccuracy, cncrgolnformation and morphological methods search construction sensor and device of the parametric structured schemes (PSS) with using the computer technology, as well as experimental methods of the studies.
The results obtained and their novelty: is designed new designs multirange TT of the current with extended functional possibility and perfected dynamic characteristic, protected patent RUz, and their mathematical models; the way of the reduction of inaccuracy multirange TT under their work but connecting mode.
Practical value: designed TT multirangc has an extended functional possibility and comparatively pinpoint accuracy transformation when functioning (working) in connecting mode. Designed mathematical models, allow on stage of the designing multirange TT to research them in steady-state dynamic mode.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: designed multirange TT is introduced and production process on attractive substation “Transport” distances of supply “Xavast” Herewith, the annual economic effect forms 5,3 million so’ms.
Field of application: results of the work can be arc broadly used at development multirange TT, intented for managerial systems and checking state of working device of supply on rail-freight traffics and other branch public facilities.

Object of the research: atoms, molecules, laser radiation.
Aim of the research: theoretical study of multiphoton ATI and HHG processes in many-electron atoms and homonuclcar diatomics under the influence of strong electromagnetic field; the study of the phenomenon of intramolecular (two-ccnter) quantum interference in the processes of ATI and HHG; the study of a possibility of coherent control of the photoprocesses.
Methods of the research: nonperturbative methods of quantum mechanics: S-matrix formalism of strong-field approximation, essential state method and so-called poleapproximation; state-of-the-art quantum-chemistry method of electron density functional within the linear combination atomic approximation .
The results achieved and their novelty: the fully quantum-mechanical model of the ATI and HHG processes in essentially many-electron and polyatomic systems has been presented; the influence of the intramolecular (two-ccnter) quantum interference on: a) orientation dependence of ATI rate, b) ATI rate suppression (or absence of suppression ionization) as compared with atomic process, c) increase of cutoff frequency in HHG-spcctra.
Practical value: a) principal possibility of the effective coherent control of the multiquantum ATI and HHG processes in homonuclcar diatomics has been studied. Such control provides a unique possibility to obtain photoelectron and photon spectra with preset properties; b) modeling procedure of «correct» AO and MO to study the problems of atomic and laser physics has been determined.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The thesis is a fundamental study. The results for the defense have a theoretical (descriptive and predictive) nature. They can be used in various applied aspects of coherent and nonlinear optics (X-ray laser physics, attosecond laser physics and etc.) and quantum electronics.
Field of application: atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

Subject of research: algorithms and security software operating systems with open source (OSOS) software against malicious software.
Purpose of work: development of algorithms and software tools to detect and prevent malicious software at the core of OSOS.
Methods of research: methods for detection of threats to information security, theory and methods of inventive problem solving, methods of production of expert systems, theory of algorithms, object-oriented programming.
The results obtained aud their novelty: a modified method and algorithm for blocking malicious programs based on the proposed concept of protection OSOS; built with production of knowledge about anti-nuclear OSOS from malicious programs designed an algorithm that simulates malware insulation level applications built structure of expert system to block and isolate malicious programs, within which the technique of making real-time by choice of remedy developed programs to block and isolate malicious behavior for protection systems OSOS.
Practical value: developed models, algorithms, software tools allow to build expert systems for decision-making to assess the threat and the choice of remedies in real time.
Degr ee of embed and economic effectivity: The results are used in the learning process in the departments "E-commerce" and "Information Security" Tashkent University of Information Technology, as well as implemented and used in the Internet Service Provider Ltd ISP «DosTlink».
Field of application: developed software tools can be used to protect operating systems, open source software against malicious programs in organizations using servers based on Linux.