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Afrosiab, Panjikent monuments interior solutions
Kozimjon AKRAMOV
1
Namangan Eegineering-construction Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received May 2021
Received in revised form
28 May 2022
Accepted 20 June 2022
Available online
25 July 2022
There are rare ideas about the culture and way of life,
dreams, aspirations and places of residence of the peoples of
Central Asia. To make design amazing, unique, and beautiful, we
need to focus students
’
attention primarily on the study of folk
arts and crafts, and shape the Central Asian design
specialization.
2181-
1415/©
2022 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol3-iss6/S-pp62-66
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
design,
history of Central Asian
interior design,
Afrosiab,
Varakhsha,
Penjikent,
dwelling,
base,
tashn,
hole,
tashnov.
Afrosiyob, Panjikent yodgorliklarining interyer tarixi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
dizayn,
O
‘
rta Osiyo dizayn interyeri
tarixi,
Afrosiyob,
Varaxsha,
Panjikent,
turarjoy,
poygoh,
tuynuk,
tashnov.
Markaziy Osiyo xalqlarining madaniyati va turmush tarzi,
orzulari, va yashash joylari haqida kam uchraydigan fikrlar
mavjud.
Dizaynning hayratlanarli, betakror va go‘zal bo‘lishi
uchun o‘quvchilar e’tiborini, birinchi navbatda, xalq amaliy
san’atini o‘rgatishga qaratishimiz, ularning tafakkurida
Markaziy Osiyo dizayn ixtisosligini shakllantirishimiz kerak.
1
Teacher Namangan Eegineering-construction Institute. E-mail: akramovkozimjon@gmail.com.
Жамият
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Общество
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инновации
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Society and innovations
Special Issue
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06 (2022) / ISSN 2181-1415
63
Интерьерная история
Афросиаба, Пенджикентских
памятников
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
дизайн,
история среднеазиатского
дизайна интерьера,
Афросиаб,
Варахша,
Пенджикент,
жилище,
база,
дыра,
ташнов.
В статье предлагаются редкие представления о
культуре и быте, мечтах, стремлениях и местах
проживания народов Средней Азии. Чтобы сделать дизайн
удивительным, неповторимым и красивым, нужно
сосредоточить внимание студентов в первую очередь на
изучении
народных
художественных
промыслов,
сформировать
среднеазиатскую
дизайнерскую
специализацию.
The reforms and changes taking place in our country are also affecting this area.
Our President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev noted the implementation of the state program on the
development strategy of the new Uzbekistan for 2022
–
2026, and on the basis of this
program will pay great attention to the development of social spheres, arts and culture. It
is one of the main arguments of our views. As our independent Uzbekistan achieved great
success, the term design began to be used in the media. The Ministry of Higher Education
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Academy of Arts of the Republic of Uzbekistan and
design faculties of higher educational institutions have been established. From the 60s to
the 70s, lectures on design were given at art and architecture schools. There are many
books, textbooks, manuals and articles on art. But there are not enough books, textbooks
and articles on the art of design interior and the history of design interior. Existing
articles, books, and textbooks also cover one aspect of design or focus solely on design
theory. In the text of articles, books and textbooks publishing today, it is rare to find ideas
about the culture, way of lifestyle, dreams and places of origin of the peoples of Central
Asia. Therefore, educators and learners search for information on the history of Central
Asian design interiors, the global network, and the history of folk arts and crafts in books
on art, archaeology and architecture. It is about overcoming this problem, at least in part,
and educating our youth in the spirit of patriotism. The word design is often used today.
When it comes to interiors, architecture, clothing, televisions, cell phones, and cars, their
designs are valued. Have you ever wondered what the word design is?! What does it
mean?! These questions are addressed in I Oregon
’
s dictionary:
“
Design
–
the design of
the car, the interior of the room, ensuring that the items are functionally comfortable,
economically inexpensive and mind-boggling, unique and beautiful
”.
Italian architect and interior designer Gio Ponti believes that the purpose of design
is to create a world of beautiful shapes and objects, which should reveal the true nature
of development. So far, more artists, interior designers and architects are working on the
design. Artists and architects can work as designers in any field. There are now
specialized higher education institutions that train designers. In particular, teachers of
the National Institute of Art and Design named after Kamoliddin Bekhzod and Namangan
Engineering-Construction Institute
“
Interior Design
”
is making a worthy contribution to
this area. After all, there is a great need for design specialization in our country. At a time
when our country is transitioning to a market economy, designers have a great
Жамият
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responsibility. The designer is a necessary specialist in the development of the state and
enterprise economy. That's why many large foreign countries pay a lot of attention to
design. To form a Central Asian design speciality, we need to focus the students'
attention, first of all, on the study of folk arts and crafts. The peoples of Central Asia have
a rich cultural and spiritual past and have been constantly searching for centuries to
create a functionally comfortable, solemn, and beautiful environment that is spiritually
rich, taking into account the available natural resources. Their unique patterns and
drawings tell about the cultural past of the peoples of Central Asia. Local materials
provide the basis for understanding the properties, shapes, patterns and meanings of
objects, and the use of colours. In short, an expert who does not know the culture of the
people of Central Asia can never innovate!!! Man, in turn, tries to adapt to the
environment in which he lives. Because he spends most of his life here. A comfortable
and beautiful environment inspires a person and encourages him to live a beautiful life,
to create beauty. Our ancestors improved the places where they lived and spent a lot of
time in any conditions. The dwellings were built in ancient cities, interconnected in
places.
Archaeological excavations have uncovered two types of rooms. Some are
elongated, while others are rectangular or have equal sides. In Afrosiyab, Varakhsha and
Panjikent districts, for example, square houses are more common. A guest is expected in
such rooms. The house in Panjikent is historically square and has a sofa around the room.
There are four columns in the centre of the room. Between the columns, the beams are
arranged in several rows across each other so that the middle part of the ceiling is
domed. There was an open hole in the middle of the dome.
Monuments of Afrosiab
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Monuments of Panjikent
The corner of the room from the early Middle Ages and the Middle Ages was
decorated with characters, works of applied art, and cotton fabrics. Naturally, the
residential buildings were demolished and rebuilt by the landlord over time. Turned into
ruins as a result of wars. That is why we do not have enough information about the
interior design and decoration of medieval interior solutions. The 10
th
–
11th century
houses found by archaeologists in the Khuttal oasis between the Panj and Vakhsh rivers
are clear examples of this period. These houses have sofas along the walls of the interior
of the room. The walls are decorated with elegant ganch patterns. At the top is a picture
of columns joined by burgs. The pattern uses white, blue, red, and colour. It is impossible
not to pay attention to one more thing, the custom of dividing the wall surface of the
room with the picture of the columns is still preserved in the mountain villages of
Qorategin. At the heart of this pattern is the desire to give the room a solemnity,
grandeur, as in administrative buildings, to connect it with the natural landscape.
According to our scientists, the houses built in the XIX
–
XX centuries have preserved the
structure and decoration of medieval houses. In the construction of houses built in the
XIX and early XX centuries, the whims of nature, and the presence of natural materials
were taken into account. Positive aspects of the traditions discussed over the centuries
have been accepted. Housing is divided into winter and summer into cities and even
mountain villages. The summer rooms are high, large and built to face the sun. In
Bukhara, for example, summer rooms are to the north and winter rooms are to the south,
to the south or west. The hospitality of Bukhara houses is also attractive. Such a room
occupies part of the interior in the form of an antenna (shelf), or on one side of the
interior is installed in the form of a royal shelf. The narrow wall on it is divided into three
or four sections (tahman and shelf). There are windows on the wall facing the courtyard,
and shelves on the wall opposite. The interior floor is divided into a roof and a basement.
The base is a little lower, with a groove in one corner. There is a pipe at the entrance to
the interior. In mountainous areas with harsh climates, summer and winter khans are
generalized. As a result, the house consists of one large room. An example of this is the
houses in the mountainous Badakhshan. The interior of the room occupies a large area
(sides 7x7, 8x8, 9x9, even 10x10m). There is a small base in the middle of the interior,
Жамият
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surrounded by sofas. The platforms come in different heights depending on the function.
The ceiling in the middle of the room has a dome shape due to the reduction of the beams
and their diagonal installation relative to each other. There is a small hole in the middle.
Light streamed from the hole into every corner of the room. There is a hole in the floor
about the hole in the room. The rainwater from the hole flowed directly into the ditch.
We need to understand the essence and ideas of modern design and create an
understanding of it in the minds of the audience. One of the current problems is that
modern design does not significantly affect the minds of many people, historical solutions
are not sufficiently studied, which means that they are not familiar with the work and
creative path of designers working in this area. the fact that over time the work of
designers has found its place among art enthusiasts, and the study and analysis of the
cause of innovations in his works, shows the relevance of this day in the understanding of
modern design today.
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1.
L. Bxaskaran. Dizayn i vremya. M. 2006 g.
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Касимов
О.С. (2021). Современный интерьер
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A.
Goldenshteyn, “Frenk Lloyd Rayt” M. 1973
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Edike Y.
U. “Zamonaviy me’morchilik tarixi”. Moskva, 1972.
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Somov Yu.S. Kompozitsiya v texnike. M. 1997.
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Ibragimjon o‘g‘li
A.K. Urbanization as a main object of philosophical and aesthetic
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Raimjonovna N.N. (2022). Urban and urban planning as an object of philosophical
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Турсунов
Шавкат
Шарибжонович
Design Engineering ISSN: 0011-9342 | Year
2021 Issue: 9 | Pages: 5612
–
5617 Design Engineering ISSN: 0011-9342 | Year 2021
Issue: 9 | Pages: 5612 - 5617 Mosaic is an Art of
“
Painting
”
about Eternity.
