Жамият ва инновациялар–
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
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Technology for the development of career-oriented textbooks
in foreign languages for students of humanities
Farogat MUHAMMEDOVA
1
Gulistan State University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received January2021
Received in revised form
15 January2021
Accepted 20February 2021
Available online
7March2021
One of the features of the design of the educational process in
the context of the competence-based approach is that the
detailed nomenclature of competencies is not fully regulated by
the standard. The composition of competencies reflected in the
general educational program of a particular university depends
on the specifics of the university, its positioning and status and is
determined based on the requirements imposed by the practice
of professional activity of graduates. In these conditions, there is
a need for professionally oriented teaching aids in a foreign
language, which are built on the basis of the competence model
of a graduate of a particular university and the content of which
is developed taking into account the specifics of the content of a
student's training in this educational institution
2181-
1415/© 2021 in ScienceLLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
Pedagogy
Psychology
Linguistic
Educational methods
Communicativeness
Foreign language
Gumanitar ta'lim yo'nalishlari talabalari uchun xorijiy til
bo'yicha kasbga yo'naltirilgan o'quv qo'llanmani ishlab chiqish
texnologiyasi
АННОТАЦИЯ
Калит сўзлар:
Pedagogika
Psixologiya
Lingvistika
Ta'lim metodlari
Kommunikativlik
Chet tili.
Kompetentlikka asoslangan yondashuv sharoitida ta'lim
jarayonini loyihalashning o'ziga xos xususiyatlaridan biri
shundaki,
Kompetentsiyalarning
batafsil
nomenklaturasi
standart
bilan
to'liq
tartibga
solinmaydi.
Muayyan
universitetning
umumiy
ta'lim
dasturida
aks
etgan
kompetensiyalar tarkibi universitetning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari,
1
Lecturer Gulistan State University, Gulistan, Uzbekistan
E-mail:
Жамият ва инновациялар–Общество и инновации–
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uning joylashuvi va holatiga bog'liq bo'lib, bitiruvchilarning
kasbiy faoliyati amaliyoti tomonidan qo'yiladigan talablardan
kelib chiqqan holda belgilanadi. Bunday sharoitda muayyan
universitet bitiruvchisining kompetentlik modeli va mazmuni
asosida qurilgan chet tilida kasbiy yo'naltirilgan o'quv
qo'llanmalariga ehtiyoj mavjud bo'lib, bu ta'lim muassasasida
talabalarning ta'lim mazmunining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini
hisobga olgan holda ishlab chiqiladi
Технология разработки профориентационных учебников
по иностранным языкам для студентов гуманитарных
специальностей
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
Педагогика
Психология
Лингвистика
Методы обучения
Коммуникативность
Иностранный язык
Одной
из
особенностей
проектирования
образовательного процесса в контексте компетентностного
подхода является то, что детальная номенклатура
компетенций не в полной мере регламентирована
стандартом.
Состав
компетенций,
отраженных
в
общеобразовательной
программе
конкретного
вуза,
зависит от специфики вуза, его позиционирования и статуса
и определяется исходя из требований, предъявляемых
практикой профессиональной деятельности выпускников.
В этих условиях возникает потребность в профессионально
ориентированных учебных пособиях по иностранному
языку, которые строятся на основе компетентностной
модели выпускника конкретного вуза и содержание
которых разрабатывается с учетом специфики содержания
подготовки
студента
в
данном
образовательном
учреждении
Currently, foreign language communicative competence is assigned an increasingly
significant role in the graduates.
In connection with the development of international business, political, cultural ties,
the requirements for the level of foreign language training of university graduates have
increased significantly.
It must be admitted that the creation of educational materials that meet modern
requirements is the most difficult task for their author. In modern conditions, the lifespan
of a textbook developed for students of a certain specialty cannot be very long. The
educational material is developed on the basis of authentic texts that contain factual
information reflecting the current situation in a particular area of public life. This data is
quickly outdated. In addition, the area of interest of students may change. The problems
that are being actively discussed today will fade into the background in a few years. This
leads to the need to revise topics, situations, texts, lexical content of the educational
material[1].
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Thus, the need to develop textbooks in line with the above-mentioned trends in the
development of higher education, as well as the importance of prompt updating of
textbooks, taking into account the changes taking place in specialized fields of knowledge,
requires finding ways to increase the efficiency of both the textbooks themselves and the
process of their creation.
As the analysis of the literature has shown, by now the problems of the didactic
foundations of the textbook have been relatively solved, including the justification of its
functions in the educational process, its connection with other components of the training
system, methods for assessing the effectiveness of the textbook have been determined.
These problems were investigated in the 70s - 80s of the last century by such scientists as
I.D. Zverev, V.V. Kraevsky, I. Ya. Lerner, I.L.Bim, M.N. Vyatutnev, A.R. Arutyunov and others.
However, the authors mainly turned to the questions of the school textbook. Problems of
educational and methodological support of language education at the university remained
outside the attention of scientists[2].
It should also be noted that a lot of time has passed since the publication of the above
authors. During this period, there have been changes in the target settings of language
education, the theory of teaching a foreign language has passed a certain way in its
development. It has become generally recognized that it is necessary to provide an
individual educational trajectory for each student with the help of a single textbook or
study guide, to purposefully form his educational competencies. In addition, issues related
to the specifics of creating a textbook aimed at performing a narrow range of professionally
oriented learning tasks were not considered[3]. It should also be noted that updating and
republishing the textbook is associated with significant time and material costs. Therefore,
at present, such a textbook can be considered effective, in which the possibility of
development is laid, that is, the attraction of new topics, problems, techniques and forms
of work in the course of the educational process without the need to republish the
textbook.
All of the above gives reason to believe that the theory of creating a textbook,
developed at the end of the last century, needs significant additions, taking into account
modern trends in the development of educational literature and based on modern
approaches to building the learning process[4].
In recent years, a number of works have been published on practical issues related
to the There is a number of modern studies devoted to professionally oriented teaching of
a foreign languages.
The studies of these authors are aimed at developing approaches to building an
educational process focused on the formation of professional foreign language
communicative and educational competencies. The principles of professional linguo
didactics, approaches to determining the content of professionally oriented education,
methods and forms of educational activity are discussed in detail. At the same time, the
issues of constructing educational materials were not properly covered[5].
In the methodology of professionally oriented teaching of a foreign language and
didactics of higher education, there is a relatively small number of studies entirely devoted
to the improvement of educational and methodological support of the educational process
However, a number of issues were not covered in sufficient detail. Thus, an essential
problem is the integration of textbooks designed to solve a limited number of particular
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learning problems and having a professional orientation, with already used textbooks and
teaching aids.
Insufficient attention in the works is paid to the implementation of the principle of
accessibility and feasibility in conditions when the focus of the learning process on the
formation of competencies leads to the complication of the educational material. In
addition, the development of communication tasks, which objectively presents a
significant difficulty for teachers, requires the use of a holistic system of methods of work
on preparing a manual, covering the entire process of its creation - from the stages of
determining the initial data and planning the concept of the manual to the stage of
assessing its effectiveness.
As practice shows, existing textbooks in a foreign language do not always
correspond to the latest achievements pedagogy, psychology, methods of teaching a
professionally oriented foreign language. A number of contradictions have emerged
between the modern requirements for educational and methodological support of the
educational process and approaches to the construction of the content of textbooks,
implemented in practice[9].
1. The contradiction between the activity-oriented nature of the learning objectives
determined by foreign language programs and the approach to the development of tasks
implemented in the teaching materials, which does not allow reaching such a level of
development of communicative competence, which is necessary for the creative use of a
foreign language in combination with professional knowledge and skills to solve new tasks.
Existing textbooks rarely contain tasks focused on the use of a foreign language as a means
of achieving non-linguistic goals. At the same time, there are textbooks in which
communicative teaching methods are used that are focused on professional topics, but at
the same time do not take into account the need to develop specific skills of speech and
intellectual activity related to the specialty.
2. The contradiction between the requirement for the formation of emotional-value,
personal components of competencies, the development of the ability for professional
reflection, effective social interaction and insufficiently developed approaches to the
creation of educational materials that allow using these aspects of the activity in the
educational process.
3. The contradiction between the need to ensure the professional orientation of
training, which leads to the complication of the teaching materials used, and the
requirement of accessibility and feasibility of the training content.
4. The contradiction between the tendency towards a narrow professional
orientation of the content of textbooks, due to the requirement the connection between
the content of the learning process and the future profession of students, and the need to
develop universal foreign language skills, adaptable to various contexts of activity, to
ensure the required professional mobility of university graduates.
5. The contradiction between the requirement to achieve learning goals in the most
optimal way while minimizing the cost of training time and the insufficient development
of practical recommendations regarding the selection and organization of the content of
teaching aids, allowing to effectively solve particular learning problems.
Thus, research is currently relevant, in which the substantiation of the theoretical
foundations of the creation of textbooks is combined with practical recommendations for
their implementation. Practical recommendations should be formulated in the form of an
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integral system of methods and selection criteria, organization of educational material,
methods of developing tasks, conditions for implementing principles corresponding to the
modern scientific paradigm, which allows us to talk about the relevance of the selected
problem.
The problem of the research is the definition and substantiation of a model for the
development of a textbook, with the help of which it is possible to overcome the indicated
contradictions and provide the required level of training of students in a foreign
language[10].
The object of the research is the process of developing teaching aids for
professionally oriented teaching of a foreign language to university students.
The subject of the research is the technology of developing textbooks for
professionally oriented teaching of a foreign language to students of humanitarian
specialties, that is, mechanisms, methods, techniques, an algorithm for their creation.
The purpose of the study is to develop, theoretically substantiate and
experimentally test the technology for creating a textbook for professionally oriented
teaching of a foreign language to students of humanitarian specialties.
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