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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRANSLATION OF MODERN IT
TERMINOLOGY FROM ENGLISH INTO UZBEK
Anarkulova Go’zal Abdurashid qizi
Teacher of the Department of English
Applied Disciplines №1
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Abstract:
ICT terms are a relatively new field for the Uzbek language, which
has entered
the Uzbek lexicon through Russian and directly through English.
Therefore, most ICT terms have features specific to English lexicon. It has been
decades since the
first computers were created, and the last generation of computers
has been aroundfor a long time, during which time computer language has gone beyond
the scope of
professional use and into the everyday speech of language owners.
Key Words:
Terminology, IT, principles, foundation, translation, term
Introduction:
Today, to be a socially active and demanding specialist in any field, ICT
requires a high level of qualification, which requires knowledge of the basic
directions and specialties (manager, dealer, marketer, promoter), new types of sports
activities (bowling, cricket, snowboarding) represent Anglo-American terminology,
which provides the penetration of English into public speech. By studying the
problems of the influence of the external socio-economic, political and other
relations of society on the process of word acquisition in languages, L.P. Krysin
suggests that the most typical form of such influence is the acquisition of the concept
of naming, as well as the names of objects, which belong to the field of electronic
technology, which is one of the most important fields today. In the field of ICT, the
functional diversity of computer subsystems and the origin of lexical units that
provide these devices and their functions depend on the English language and are
used directly in Uzbek: display - "external computer device for displaying graphic
and textual information" ; controller - "hardware designed to control the operation
of a particular installed or peripheral device." Moreover, the equivalent of the lexical
units naming a new concept will not exist in the host language, and the host language
will gradually begin to accept words by comparing them with existing names. In this
case, the deletion of the pair is done by semantic and stylistic differentiation of
synonymous pairs, for example, hard drive - hard drive. L.P. Chrisin argues that “the
reasons for such word acquisition should be sought not only outside the language,
i.e. the influence of external social relations on the acquisition process - but also in
the intelligible interpretation of new terms in the language”. M.A. noted that there
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are linguistic and extra linguistic factors in the process of direct and indirect
assimilation of ICT terms from English to other foreign languages. Breyter, U.
Vaynrayx,
D.S.
Scientists
like
Lotte
have
pointed
out.
Extralinguistic factors in the process of learning ICT terms are generally recognized:
- change the role of the subject in a changing society (computer - computer);
- development of economic, political and social relations between the states;
-
The
process
of
globalization
and
computerization
in
the
world;
- Conditions of acceptance of linguistic culture, new words of social strata;
- the expansion of the culture of other countries in certain social strata; -
increase in the number of people who study English and speak it;
- The emergence of international words in the foreign language layer.
The language-related factors of word acquisition are usually in sync with the
views within that language system, their causes and learning conditions, lexical
innovations, their causes, and learning conditions. The needs of the language system
only motivate the search for new nominations, and the fact that the search process is
outside this system depends only on extra linguistic grounds. However, the nature of
the process of selection and assimilation of lexical assimilation words is determined in
all microsystems of language. In particular, it is determined by the internal features of
the Uzbek language and its microsystems, the specific features of the source language
and
the
host
language.
In
this
regard,
ICT
terms
learned
from
English are usually easier to adapt to the Uzbek lexical approximation, depending
on the language system. This is due to the fact that the Uzbek language has words
related to various fields of Russian.
IT terminology as an object of translation studies
:
There are numerous definitions of the term in the scientific literature. A term
can be a lexical unit of a given language, represented in the form of a word, a phrase,
an abbreviation, a symbol, a combination of a word and letters-symbols, a
combination of a word and numbers-symbols, which has a special terminological
meaning corresponding to a scientific concept, i.e. a unit of a logical-conceptual
system. A.A. Reformatskiy defines the term as follows: "Terms — these are special
words, limited by their special purpose; words that strive to be unambiguous as the
exact expression of concepts and the naming of things. This is necessary in science,
technology, politics and diplomacy. The terms exist not only in the language, but as
part of a certain terminology. If a word can be polysemous in a common language
(outside of this terminology), then, falling into a certain terminology, it acquires
unambiguity".
Terms or terminological words imply the use of the whole terminology of a
certain field of knowledge. The same term sometimes occurs in different
terminologies of a given language, which allows us to talk about inter-scientific
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terminological homonymy. Single—compound terminological homonyms are
presented. Thus, terms can change their meaning depending on the context of use
indifferent types of terminology, types of professional communications and discourses.
Along with the functioning of well-established terminological units and word
combinations, we observe a constant process of updating the vocabulary language and
terminologization
of
general
literary
vocabulary
[Turaeva
2015].
The key units in science are the concept of a term and terminology. The main
function of the term is to provide an understanding of the scientific idea, accuracy
and clarity. But, despite the fact that these concepts occupy a significant place in
science and there is a huge amount of research in the field of terminology, scientists
still cannot come to an agreement on a number of issues of paramount importance.
Currently, there is no generally accepted concept of "term" in the scientific field. In
addition, the question of the grammatical expression of the term is still being
discussed and about the special requirements that it must meet. In this chapter we
will consider the existing definitions of the term and try to define its main features.
Terminology is part of a special vocabulary, examples of which can be words
and phrases, the main function of which is the naming of objects and various
concepts of various spheres of professional activity of people. An important feature
of such vocabulary is that it is not considered generally accepted. Special vocabulary
became the main part of the language, it began to be studied in the XX.
The methods of theoretical terminology include the following:
-The process of moving from the sublingual layer to the terminological layer when
evaluating terms and their combinations; the examination of the conceptual
organization of terms and term combinations;
-the methodology of terminology; the process of analyzing the text within the text.
Methods of applied terminology include the following:
-Combination techniques,
-normalization and harmonization techniques,
-terminography techniques, and terminological service techniques, such as automated
information and terminological service.
The results of this study can be used in a course of lectures on lexicology and
terminology, as well as in practical classes on scientific and technical translation.
Unfortunately, in this paper we have limited ourselves to structural analysis digital
terms, however, in the future we plan to consider the issue of semantic features of
IT terminology vocabulary.
Conclusion:
This work is the key to understanding the process of digitalization of the
economy and society, since communication in this area involves knowledge, use and
correct interpretation of specific terms.
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As the structural analysis has shown, most of the new terms are formed by
phrases such as online teaching / online o’qitish , informational technology/ axborot
tehnologiyalari , which facilitates their use. But we must not forget about specific
terms such as webinar/vebinar, blockchain/blokcheyn, depending on the scope of
use, which have their own terminology field. The words of the abbreviation also
deserve special attention because society may misinterpret their meaning or
incorrectly express them in writing. All this indicates that for the participants of the
modern IT terms it is necessary have an idea of the structure of the word in order to
be expressed correctly both orally and in writing;
- learn words terms of digital vocabulary in Uzbek and English languages to
communicate;
- memorize abbreviations and be able to correctly understand their essence.
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