AVTOMOBILNI ORQA OVOZ SO‘NDIRGICHINI PAYVANDLASH USULI

THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF

PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES

International scientific-online conference

95

AVTOMOBILNI ORQA OVOZ SO‘NDIRGICHINI PAYVANDLASH

USULI

Abdullayev Muslimbek

“Texnologik mashinalar va jihozlar” yo‘nalishi talabasi

Ruziboyev Javoxir

“Texnologik mashinalar va jihozlar” kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12525081

Annotatsiya.

Ushbu maqolada avtomobil ovoz so‘ndirgichini payvandlab

ishlab chiqarish uchun payvandlash usulini tanlash hamda ishlab chiqarish
uchun payvandlash materiallari haqida so‘z borgan.

Kalit so‘zlar:

ovoz so‘ndirgich, payvandlash, himoya gazlar, inert gaz.

Avtomobilni orqa ovoz so‘ndirgichini payvandlash va loyihalash ximoya

gazi ostida payandlanadi. Ximoya gazlar muxitida payvandlash – bu yoyli
payvandlash, bunda yoy va erigan metall, ayrim xollarda sovuyotganchok,
payvandlash zonasiga maxsus qurilma bilan yetkazib berilayotgan ximoya gazlar
ta’sirida bo‘ladi, ya’ni xavo ta’siridan ximoyalanadi.

1-rasm.

Payvandlash jarayoni

Ximoya gazlar muxitida payvandlash g‘oyasini XIX asr oxirida N.N.

Benardos taklif etdi. XX asrning 20-yillarida AKSda muxandis Aleksander va fizik
Lengmyur gaz aralashmalarida o‘zakli elektrod bilan payvandlashni amalga
oshirishdi. 1925-yilda Lengmyur erimaydigan volfram elektrod bilan va ximoya
muxiti sifatida vodorodni, ya’ni atom-vodorodli payvandlash usuli sifatida yoyli
payvandlashning bilvosita ta’siri orqali payvandlashni ishlab chikdi.

XX asrning 40-yillarida Aviasion Texnikasi Ilmiy Tadqiqot Institutida inert

gaz muxitida volfram elektrod bilan payvandlash ishlab chiqildi. 1949-yilda
elektr payvandlash institutida ko‘mir elektrodi bilan karbonat angidrid gaz
muxitida payvandlash ishlab chiqildi.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF

PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES

International scientific-online conference

96

Ximoya gazlar muxitida yoy bilan payvandlashda ish unumi yuqori

bo‘ladi, bu ishni oson avtomatlashtirish mumkin va metallarni elektrod
qoplamalari xamda flyuslar ishlatmasdan biriktirishga imkon beradi.
Payvandlashning bu usuli po‘lat, rangli metallar va ularning qotishmalaridan
konstruksiyalar yasashda qo‘llaniladi.

Ximoya gazlari muxitida payvandlashning afzalliklari quyidagilar:
- flyus yoki qoplamalar ishlatishga, binobarin, choklarni shlakdan

tozalashga xojat yo‘q;

-yuqori ish unumi va manba issiqligining yuqori darajada konsentrasiya-

lanishi strukturaviy o‘zgarishlar zonasini ancha qisqartirishga imkon beradi;

- chok metali xavo kislorodi va azoti bilan juda kam ta’sirlashadi;
- payvandlash jarayonini kuzatib turish qulay;
- jarayonlarni mexanizasiyalashtirish va avtomatlashtirish imkoni bor.
Himoya gazlar muhitida payvandlashni eriydigan va erimaydigan

(volfram) elektrodlar bilan bajarish mumkin.

Payvand zonasini himoyalash uchun geliy va argon kabi inert gazlar,

ba’zan azot, vodorod va karbonat angidridkabi faol gazlardan foydalaniladi.
Shuningdek, turli proporsiyalarda aloxida gazlarning aralashmasi xamishlatiladi.

Gaz bilan ana shunday ximoya qilinganida payvandlash zonasi atrofidagi

xavo siqib chiqariladi. Montajsharoitlarida payvandlashda yoki gaz himoyasini
puflab tarqatib yuboradigan sharoit mavjud bo‘lganda qo‘shimcha himoya
qurilmalaridan foydalaniladi. Payvandlash zonasini gaz bilan himoyalash
samaradorligipayvandlanadigan birikmaning turiga va payvandlash tezligiga
bog‘liq. Himoyaga shuningdek, soploning o‘lchami,himoya gazining sarfi va
soplodan buyumgacha bo‘lgan masofa (uzunligi 5-40 mm bo‘lishi kerak) xam
ta’sir qiladi.
Payvandlash zonasining yaxshi himoyalanishi gazning issiqlik fizik xossalari,
shuningdek, gorelkaning konstruktiv xususiyatlari va payvandlash rejimiga
bog‘lik. Payvandlash yoyi zonasiga kiritiladigan himoya gazlari yoy
zaryadsizlanishining turg‘unligiga, elektrod metalining suyuqlanishiga va uning
ko‘chishiga ta’sir qiladi. Elektrod metali tomchilarining o‘lchami payvandlash
toki ortishi bilan kamayadi, payvandlash toki ortishi bilan erish chuqurligining
ortishi esa payvandlash yoyi bosimining ta’sirida elektrod ostidagi suyuq
metallning ancha intensiv siqib chiqarilishiga bog‘lik.

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