THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
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AMIR HAYDAR - THE LUMINARY OF KNOWLEDGE AND SCIENCE
(BASED ON THE WORK “MAKTUBOTI AMIR HAYDAR”)
Hamroyev Asliddin Umed ugli
Lecturer of the Department of Archeology and History of Bukhara
Bukhara State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12217682
Annotation:
This article covers on the efforts of Amir Haydar, one of the
rulers of Bukhara, to improve the life of society. Also, his letters on various
issues are analyzed for their importance from the point of view of the era.
Key words:
society, development, government, madrasa, dynasty,
education, collection, patriotism, honor, knowledge, zakat.
Majority of rulers who have lived in history paid attention to science and
patronized it in order to serve the development of their countries. In particular,
among the rulers of various states that emerged on the territory of Uzbekistan,
there are many rulers who fought for the development of science.
Among the representatives of the Mangit dynasty that ruled Bukhara, there
were emirs who loved science and supported it and patronized it. As a vivid
example of this, Amir Shahmurad (1741-1800) as soon as he became the ruler,
revised the activities of all mosques and madrasas, which are the center of
education and science in the country. He established foundation properties for
them and strengthened their economic foundations. He also repaired the
damaged ones and restarted them. He carried out monetary reform and
increased the salaries of teachers, students, and scholars. He raised their value
and position in society. Amir himself was a great scientist and taught several
subjects at the Mir Arab Madrasah.
Later, his son Amir Haydar, who succeeded him, continued the work done
by his father. After various military conflicts and campaigns, he also paid
attention to the field of science. He appreciated scientists and respected them.
“Maktuboti Amir Haydar”, which is the collection of correspondence of Amir
Haidar with various officials and officials during the years of his reign, which is
kept in the fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan
Beruni. In it, we can see Amir Haydar’s correspondence related to different
fronts in different years.
In one letter of this letter, we can see the respect and attention of the emir
to the scholars of his father’s time. In the content of the letter, he expressed his
respect for the old intellectual who has been serving the dynasty and the
country since his father’s time. The letter was as follows:
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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“The honorable figure deserving of respect in government, Muhammad
Hakim Mehtar.
Let it be known with gratitude, in the spirit of royal benevolence, that
Muhammad Musokhoja is regarded as one of our esteemed, veteran benefactors.
According to the royal decree, you must duly provide him with the care and
kindness required, considering his past services and his current situation. Stay
informed about his condition and keep him informed in due time. Let the royal
command be executed accordingly. Assalomu alaykum [1]”.
In another letter, we can witness Amir Haydar’s comments about the
financial situation of the Higher Madrasa, the salaries of the teachers and the
payment of the students’ stipends, and he showed the ways to solve the
problem:
“Respected leader, holding a prestigious position in authority, a person of
high esteem in the government, Muhammad Hakim Devonbegi.
Let it be known with gratitude that, enriched with honorable rewards, we
allocate a stipend of one thousand from the zakat fund of our esteemed madrasa
to the students of the Qur’an and seekers of knowledge every month. We had
instructed you to also give them a small amount. However, the money we sent
was insufficient. Therefore, they may not have been given less money, but rather
they have not been given anything at all since one or two months.
We have devised a rule for this. Accordingly, if the zakat funds run out, we
would borrow money from large-scale sources and pay the Qur’an custodians
and seekers of knowledge at the esteemed madrasa. When the time for zakat
comes, we would settle their accounts with the debts incurred. Now, you too
should borrow money from large-scale sources and assign duties to the Qur’an
students and seekers of knowledge at the esteemed madrasa. God willing, we
will settle the accounts with them on time. Deliver the duties to the supervisor
and make sure they receive them. Assalomu alaykum [2]”.
There are several letters in this collection of letters that leave no doubt that
Amir Haydar was aware of the situation of every madrasa in the country. In one
of these letters, we can see that Amir Haydar paid attention to the delay in
providing the income that should be given to the Devonbegi madrasa from the
waqf lands:
“To the honorable, esteemed, trustworthy figure of authority, Muhammad
Hakim Devonbeg.
Let it be known with gratitude that, despite being enriched with generous
blessings, some of the endowments related to Devonbegi Madrasa have not yet
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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been handed over. You must send the ungiven endowments to the custodian
responsible for those places. Assalomu alaykum [3]”.
In another letter, we see his response to the application received by the
Khorjin madrasa regarding the waqf lands and the way to solve the problem:
“Respected leader, Muhammad Hakim Mehtar, a trustworthy individual in
the government.
Let it be known with gratitude that we have received your request
regarding the endowment of the Khorjin Madrasa. If the endowment of the
mentioned madrasa has been completed, please preserve it. Further details will
be conveyed to you orally through Barot Oqsoqol. Assalomu alaykum[4]”.
In the letters, we not only find information related to issues concerning
madrasas but also about acts of kindness extended to specific individuals within
the madrasa. For example, in the following letter, it is mentioned that Amir
Haydar has officially provided benefits to certain individuals at Oliy Madrasa
through formal documents, supporting them economically and morally. Through
this, we observe that there is a specific type of official document known as a
“sanadi mehriboniy” (document regarding the provision of kindness), indicating
that those who receive it are entitled to special privileges and assistance. The
letter was as follows:
“Respected leader, possessing a high position in authority in the
government affairs, a trusted individual of the government, Muhammad Hakim
Mehtar.
Please be informed with gratitude that we have received your request sent
to the higher authority.
We have issued documents regarding acts of kindness towards residents at
the esteemed madrasa. Please provide them with their dues”[5].
In the “Maktuboti Amir Haydar”, such letters are precious, as they present
historical records of the educational activities carried out by our ancestors for
the younger generation, promoting patriotism, respect for values, and nurturing
a sense of honor for history and ancestors.
References:
1.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik instituti, № AR-5412, 32-
maktub, 14 bet. Tarjimon: A.Boltayev.
2.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik instituti, № AR-5412, 100-
maktub, 43-44 betlar. Tarjimon: A.Boltayev.
3.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik instituti, № AR-5412, 19-
maktub, 9-10 betlar. Tarjimon: A.Boltayev.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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4.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik instituti, № AR-5412, 77-
maktub, 33 bet. Tarjimon: A.Boltayev.
5.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik instituti, № AR-5412, 110-
maktub, 47-48- betlar. Tarjimon: A.Boltayev.
6.
Sobirovich T. B. Evolution of ideas and views on the development of
democratic society and spiritual renewals //Scientific Bulletin of Namangan
State University. – №. 10. – С. 243-250.
