THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
30
THE IDEA OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AND INDEPENDENCE IN
UZBEK LITERATURE
Zaripova Barchinoy Khamdam kizi
Urgench Ranch Technological University
Philology and Language Teaching Uzbek
Language and Literature 2nd year student
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14898095
Annotation
: This article analyzes the reflection of the idea of national
identity and independence in Uzbek literature. The artistic expression of the
national identity, glorification of national values, and the ideology of
independence in the works of Uzbek writers in the spirit of independence is
studied. Also, the artistic interpretation of the ideas of national awakening and
independence in the Jadid literature of the early 20th century and works created
during the years of independence is analyzed.
Keywords
: Uzbek literature, national identity, the idea of independence,
Jadid literature, national awakening, independence, national values, artistic
expression, national spirit, literary analysis.
Introduction
.
The literature of each people is a reflection of its spiritual history, psyche,
and dreams and hopes. Uzbek literature has also expressed the idea of national
identity and independence for centuries, reflecting the aspirations of our people
for freedom and independence. From this perspective, the development of
Uzbek literature is not only an artistic phenomenon, but also a part of the
formation of the nation, the struggle to preserve its historical identity. Starting
from the Jadid movement, the issue of national awakening and awareness of
identity came to the forefront in Uzbek literature. Intellectuals such as Abdulla
Qodiriy, Cholpon, Fitrat put forward the ideas of independence, freedom and
independent thinking in their works in order to awaken the people and raise
national consciousness. During the Soviet regime, these ideas, although under
various pressures, were secretly preserved in the inner layers of literature.
In the years of independence, the idea of national identity and
independence began to be interpreted more broadly. Abdulla Oripov's poem
"Why I Love Uzbekistan" has become a symbol of independence for our people,
and Erkin Vohidov's work has opened up new facets of national consciousness
and artistic thinking. These works, in addition to awakening national pride, are
also valued as an important source of inheritance for future generations. The
reflection of the issue of national identity in Uzbek literature is not only a
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
31
literary phenomenon, but also the formation of social consciousness, an artistic
interpretation of the history of the people. Therefore, studies of literature in this
direction are of great importance for national consciousness and cultural
development.
The history, culture and spiritual values of the nation lie at the heart of any
literary process. Uzbek literature also has a rich heritage in terms of
understanding national identity and expressing the ideas of independence.
Throughout history, the idea of national independence has found its reflection
not only in political processes, but also in the aesthetic and spiritual directions of
literature. Because the understanding of a nation's identity is formed, first of all,
in its artistic thinking.
Theoretically, literature, as one of the forms of social consciousness, is one
of the most important tools that reflects historical processes and the issue of
national identity. In modern literary studies, the issue of expressing national
identity is studied through such concepts as national identification, cultural
memory, and artistic interpretation of historical processes. In Uzbek literature,
this situation was manifested in separate stages.
Jadid literature was an artistic expression of national awakening. At the
beginning of the 20th century, Jadid writers promoted the ideas of national
independence and aimed to form the people as a literate, modern, and
independently thinking society. Abdulla Qodiriy's novel "Bygone Days" is one of
the most vivid examples of the ideas of national identity and independence in
Uzbek literature, in which the issue of the people's right to self-determination,
independent thinking, and the preservation of national values is raised.
Although literature was under ideological control during the Soviet era,
some writers managed to preserve the national spirit in their works. Writers
such as Gafur Gulom, Oybek, and Abdulla Qahhor tried to express the inner
world and historical memory of the people. During the years of independence,
the idea of national identity and independence was even more clearly
manifested in the work of poets such as Erkin Vohidov, Abdulla Oripov, and
Muhammad Yusuf. Theoretically, the issue of national identity in literature is
related to theories of national identification. Modern literary critics explain the
literary process in terms of cultural memory and the formation of national
consciousness. The idea of national independence is a broad concept not only
historically, but also philosophically and sociologically. Therefore, the reflection
of this idea in literature is an integral part of the culture of the nation. Therefore,
in Uzbek literature, the idea of national identity and independence has
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
32
developed on the basis of artistic and aesthetic principles and has acquired its
own unique style of expression at each historical stage. The analysis of this
process has not only literary, but also socio-philosophical significance and plays
an important role in the formation of national consciousness.
Literature analysis:
Many literary critics, historians and writers have conducted scientific
research on the reflection of the idea of national identity and independence in
Uzbek literature. These studies are aimed at studying the role of literature in the
formation of national identity, the artistic interpretation of the ideas of
independence, and the historical context of this process.
Alisher Navoi and the issue of national identity: The concept of national
identity has very ancient roots in Uzbek literature and is clearly reflected in the
work of Alisher Navoi. His defense of the Turkic language and promotion of
national culture in the work "Muhokamat ul-lughayin" can be considered one of
the first examples of the pursuit of independent thinking. Studies of Navoi's
work by literary scholars such as Shamsiddin Kamolov and Erkin Khushvaqtov
emphasize the importance of these works in the formation of national
consciousness.
Jadid literature and national revival.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Jadid movement put forward the
ideas of national revival through literature. In the works of representatives of
Jadid literature, the idea of national identity and independence emerged as one
of the leading themes. In the works of Abdulla Qodiriy, Cholpon, Fitrat,
Behbudiy, the idea of national identity and independence emerged as one of the
leading themes. In Uzbek literary criticism, researchers such as Ibrohim
Hakqulov, Bakhtiyor Nazarov, Sharifjon Rahmonov in particular have deeply
studied the creative heritage of these writers. Their works comprehensively
explore the impact of Jadid literature on society and its role in awakening
national identity.
During the years of the Soviet regime, the issue of national identity was
under ideological pressure. In the literature of this period, creators such as Gafur
Gulom, Oybek, Abdulla Qahhor, Said Ahmad tried to express national ideas
through hidden artistic methods. While Oybek's novel "Navoi" promoted
national pride through the poet's creative heritage, Gafur Gulom's story "Shum
Bola" served as an echo of the national psyche. Sharof Rashidov's work
"Stronger than a Storm" is aimed at artistic interpretation of how national
consciousness developed under the colonial ideology. The scientific works of
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
33
Turob Tola, Ahmadali Askarov, and Olim Sharafiddinov play an important role in
analyzing the literature of this period.
During the period of independence, the theme of the national idea and
independence came to the forefront in Uzbek literature. Abdulla Oripov's poem
"Uzbekistan" was accepted as a symbol of independence, and Erkin Vohidov's
collection of poems "Istighfor" reflected the aspirations of the nation to own its
own destiny. In addition, in the works of poets such as Muhammad Yusuf, Rauf
Parfi, Halima Khudoyberdiyeva, the idea of national independence was
highlighted in connection with the spiritual rise of the people.
The research of scholars who analyzed the literature of this period,
Qazoqboy Yuldoshev, Matyokub Qoshjonov, and Karim Bakhliev, serves to
illuminate the literary process during the years of independence from a
scientific perspective. Their works widely cover national pride, the poetic
expression of the idea of independence, and new aspects of literature. The idea
of national identity and independence is one of the important themes in Uzbek
literature, and has been manifested in its own form at each historical stage. An
analysis of scientific literature shows that, starting from the Jadid movement,
during the Soviet era and the years of Independence, this topic was interpreted
differently. Today, the ideology of national values, cultural heritage and
independence in literature is increasingly deepening and enriched with new
artistic approaches.
Conclusion
:
Literature is the soul of the people, the inner voice of the nation. In Uzbek
literature, the idea of national identity and independence is not only a theme,
but also a whole historical path. This path began with the Jadids, was tested
during the Soviet years, and found its full value during the period of
independence. Literature is never created only for the sake of art - it meets the
internal needs of society, awakens the national spirit, and encourages the people
to realize their identity.
While the Jadids fought to preserve the identity of the Uzbek people, to
bring it to a new level through culture and knowledge, the literature of the
Soviet era sought to preserve this identity, and in the years of independence it
finally found its voice. Abdulla Qodiriy tried to rediscover the history of the
Uzbek people, the poems of Cholpon were a cry for freedom, and creators such
as Erkin Vohidov and Abdulla Oripov portrayed independence not only as a
dream, but also as the most important value of the nation's destiny. Today,
literature remains one of the strongest voices of the nation. For any society,
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
34
literature is an important means of understanding its history, preserving its
identity, and striving for the future. The idea of national identity and
independence continues in Uzbek literature - new writers and poets enrich this
theme with new artistic aspects in their works. Because national identity is not
finished, it is always renewed, each generation rediscovers it with its own eyes.
So, literature is not only a reflection of the past, but also a beacon pointing the
way to the future. The ideas of national identity, independence, and sovereignty
are passed down from generation to generation through literature, continuing to
shape the spirit of the nation. Uzbek literature will always remain an artistic
history reflecting our national identity, values, and our desire for freedom.
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