THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2693-0811)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE10
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 22-10-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume06Issue10-05
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
PREVENTIVE DIPLOMACY IN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Gulmira A. Bekdurdiyeva
PhD student of Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
Although the roots of international relations date
back to ancient times, the concept of diplomacy
was first introduced as a formalized practice in
1645 [1].
The term “preventive diplomacy” was first used by
the United Nations during the Cold War. In the late
1950s and early 1960s, Secretary-General Dag
Hammarskjöld began using the phrase to describe
the organization’s tasks in the context of a bipolar
world. I
n 1995, on the occasion of the UN’s 50th
anniversary, Boutros Boutros-Ghali presented a
supplement to the “Agenda for Peace.” He spoke
about the challenges of preventive diplomacy and
peacekeeping, and said he had created a Political
Affairs Department to monitor political processes
around the world to provide early warning of
impending conflicts. But, according to him, such
efforts face serious obstacles. The most important
of them is not a lack of information, analytical skills
or ideas about possible UN initiatives, but the
unwillingness of one or the other side of the conflict
to receive assistance from the UN. Every year, in his
annual report, the Secretary-General emphasizes
the importance of preventive diplomacy and
peacekeeping. In 1996, Boutros Boutros-Ghali
announced that he was in favor of replacing the
term “preventive diplomacy” with the term
“preventive action” to include not only diplomatic
measures, but also preventive deployment,
disarmament,
humanitarian
action,
and
peacebuilding [2].
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
The legal framework for the implementation of
prevention in conflict escalation or prevention
processes is reflected in the United Nations
Charter. Preventive missions are more effective
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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than post-conflict measures. Peace is a common
value and a basic condition for the existence of any
state. In the past, every country considered
survival and establishing peace as an important
category of state management. The situation in this
field has changed significantly today [3].
The United Nations has long been involved in
conflict prevention, but its effectiveness could be
enhanced with adequate funding and better
organization. Tools for conflict prevention
mentioned by the Secretary-General include
preventive diplomacy, the preventive deployment
of military or civilian police forces, preventive
humanitarian intervention, and preventive
peacebuilding
—defined as “large
-scale political
and socio-economic activities to support fragile
states or rebuild devastated ones.” Preventive
diplomacy can be conducted by the Secretary-
General, senior officials, specialized agencies and
programs, as well as regional organizations, in
cooperation with the Security Council, the General
Assembly, and the broader United Nations system
[4].
According to the “Agenda for Peace”, the operations
of the United Nations in crisis areas were usually
carried out after the beginning of the conflict. For
example, in the event of a national crisis,
preventive deployment may be carried out at the
request or with the consent of the government or
all interested parties. In the event of an interstate
conflict, such a deployment can be made when both
countries believe that a United Nations presence on
either side of their borders can help prevent
hostilities. Additionally, if a country perceives a
threat and requests that the UN be involved only on
its side of the border, pre-emptive deployment can
be implemented [5].
Interstate and internal conflicts in Africa reflect the
problems of modern African life. They arise due to
the complex interrelationship of various conflict
factors - ethnic and religious conflicts, socio-
economic and political contradictions, the
consequences of the collapse of totalitarian
regimes, as well as the costs and difficulties of
social changes [6].
After the historic meeting of the United Nations
Security Council on January 31, 1992, for the first
time, when its members were held at the level of
heads of state and government, the process of
gradual institutionalization and legitimization of
preventive diplomacy in UN resolutions and
documents began, although until now it has been
occasionally ignored in academic research is
increasingly cited as one of many options for
conflict prevention. A number of structures of the
United Nations Organization began not only to
officially engage in preventive work, but they
gradually rose to the level of main tasks in the
official UN strategy. It was believed that the main
rules of preventive diplomacy can be implemented
by the UN Secretary General or his personal
representatives specially appointed by him [7].
The concept of preventive diplomacy was further
developed in the works of former UN Secretary
General K. Annan. K. Annan paid attention to
preventive diplomacy in his report on the activities
of the UN in 2000. He sta
ted that his “central
objective is to ensure that early warning and
conflict prevention become the daily work of the
United Nations both at headquarters and in the
field” [8]. The lack of a sense of interests and
requests in people leads not only to disintegration,
but also to the emergence of new hidden sources of
conflict, because they create a sense of futility,
internal anxiety and tension in society. This
tendency of the social mentality of the majority of
society members makes it difficult to find points of
conflict between the interests of different political
forces, and political conflicts in such cases have the
character of confrontation. Then it becomes
impossible to resolve the conflict using traditional
methods [9].
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The countries of the Central Asian region face a
number of threats that cause conflicts, such as
terrorism and extremism, drug trafficking and
organized crime. In this context, it seems logical to
appeal to the UN’s “good offices”, given its
extensive tools for responding to such threats and
its experience in resolving various conflicts. For
this purpose, a new international structure - the UN
Regional Center for Preventive Diplomacy for
Central Asia (PDCA) appeared in Ashgabat. There
are few regions in the world where countries are as
closely connected as in Central Asia. Despite the
presence of old and new threats to security, Central
Asian countries have managed to avoid open
conflict, which is a sign of the political will to
engage in dialogue and prevent conflict in the
region. At the same time, there are common threats
and threats that require joint response and
cooperation in the interests of regional stability.
Action program project for 2009-2011 prepared by
the center, it describes in sufficient detail the
forms,
methods
and
means
of
their
implementation, taking into account the
capabilities of the UN and regional characteristics
[9].
CONCLUSION
About ninety percent of international conflicts are
caused by misunderstandings and disagreements
between neighboring countries. This is proved by
the bloody conflicts of the neighboring states that
we are currently witnessing. Therefore, prevention
of any interstate conflict is a matter of great
international importance. For this reason, the
United Nations Organization has been conducting a
number of studies on preventive diplomacy and
has developed many measures for the
implementation of preventive diplomacy in various
countries and regions, and continues to implement
works related to their application. A scientific
approach to preventive diplomacy, conducting in-
depth scientific research on it is a requirement of
today’s international relations. Based on this
demand, a number of problems are studied in the
dissertation. In this, the existing problems between
the countries of the Central Asian region will be
studied, finding solutions to them, and measures to
prevent possible problems will be studied.
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THE USA JOURNALS
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VOLUME 06 ISSUE10
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Commission of the Russian Federation
23.00.02, Doctor of Political Sciences
Rakhmatullaev
Erkin
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https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/128
