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THE ROLE OF MIR JALAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE SHORT STORY GENRE IN AZERBAIJAN
Rasulova Ayshan Asad,
Doctoral student of Baku State University,
Department of history of Azerbaijani literature.
Institute of education of the Republic of Azerbaijan,
Department of Theory and history of education, senior researcher
Orcid ID: 0009-0005-7953-3268
Annotation.
The happiness of our people lies in the fact that it has given the world and
human culture numerous outstanding personalities. In this regard, Mir Jalal Pashayev, known for
his unparalleled services in the development of Azerbaijani literature, stands at the forefront as one
of such outstanding personalities.The life and work of this outstanding writer are studied and his
works are published not only in Azerbaijan, but also abroad. The celebration of the 100th
anniversary of Mir Jalal, who made important contributions to Azerbaijani literature of the 20
th
century, at the UNESCO level is an indicator of the appreciation given to our culture and literature
on a global scale. Along with his works, his human qualities, kindness, and universal ideas are
considered exemplary. Mir Jalal brought innovation to both the form and content of the story. Mir
Jalal brought the memorial form of the story, satirical, lyrical-romantic, family-household form to
our literature in a new form. Mir Jalal artistically reflects the time of the era in which he lived in
the story. Mir Jalal's short story creation constitutes an important branch of modern Azerbaijani
prose. Mir Jalal added to the types and forms of the story. The name “Memory stories”, novella
stories, descriptive stories are associated with Mir Jalal. Although there are classical variants of
satirical stories, in modern times this is associated with the name of Mir Jalal.
Keywords
. Mir Jalal, Azerbaijani literature, story genre, patriotism theme, the role of
stories in the upbringing of youth.
AZARBAYJONDA HIKOYA JANRINI RIVOJLANISHDA MIR JALOLNING O‘RNI
Rasulova Ayshan Asad,
Boku Davlat universiteti Ozarbayjon adabiyoti tarixi fakulteti doktoranti,
Ozarbayjon Respublikasi Taʼlim Instituti,
Taʼlim nazariyasi va tarixi boʻlimi, katta ilmiy xodimi
Annotatsiya.
Xalqimizning baxti shundaki, u dunyo va insoniyat madaniyatiga ko‘plab yetuk
shaxslarni ato etgan. Bu borada ozarbayjon adabiyoti rivojidagi beqiyos xizmatlari bilan tanilgan
Mir Jalol Pashayev ana shunday atoqli shaxslardan biri sifatida oldingi safda turadi. Bu atoqli
adibning hayoti va ijodi o‘rganilib, asarlari nafaqat Ozarbayjonda, balki xorijda ham nashr
etilmoqda. 20-asr ozarbayjon adabiyotiga muhim hissa qoʻshgan Mir Jalol tavalludining 100 yilligi
YuNESKO darajasida nishonlanishi madaniyatimiz va adabiyotimiz jahon miqyosida eʼtirof
etilganining koʻrsatkichidir. Uning asarlari bilan bir qatorda insoniy fazilatlari, mehr-oqibati,
umumbashariy g‘oyalari ibratli hisoblanadi. Mir Jalol hikoyaning shakli va mazmunida yangilik
olib keldi. Mir Jalol adabiyotimizga hikoyaning memorial shakli, satirik, lirik-romantik, oilaviy-
maishiy shaklini yangicha shaklda olib kirdi. Mir Jalol qissada o‘zi yashagan davr davrini badiiy
aks ettiradi. Mir Jalol qissasi zamonaviy ozarbayjon nasrining muhim tarmog‘ini tashkil etadi. Mir
Jalol hikoyaning tur va shakllariga qo‘shilgan. “Hikoyalar-xotiralar”, qissalar, tasviriy hikoyalar
nomi Mir Jalol bilan bog‘langan. Satirik hikoyalarning mumtoz variantlari mavjud boʻlsa-da,
hozirgi zamonda u Mir Jalol nomi bilan bogʻliq.
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Kalit soʻzlar.
Mir Jalol, Ozarbayjon adabiyoti, qissa janri, sizlarning vatanparvarlik roli,
hikoyalar mavzusi.
AZERBAYCAN'DA HİKAYE TÜRÜNÜN GELİŞİMİNDE MİR JALAL'IN ROLÜ
Rasulova Ayşan Esad,
Bakü Devlet Üniversitesi'nde doktora öğrencisi,
Azerbaycan Edebiyatı Tarihi Bölümü.
Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti Eğitim Enstitüsü,
Eğitim Teorisi ve Tarihi Bölümü, Kıdemli Araştırmacı
Özet.
Halkımızın mutluluğu, dünyaya ve insanlık kültürüne pek çok seçkin şahsiyet
kazandırmış olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, Azerbaycan edebiyatının gelişmesinde eşsiz katkılarıyla
tanınan Mir Celal Paşayev, bu seçkin şahsiyetlerin başında gelmektedir. Bu seçkin yazarın hayatı
ve eserleri incelenmekte, eserleri yalnızca Azerbaycan'da değil, yurt dışında da yayınlanmaktadır.
20. yüzyıl Azerbaycan edebiyatına önemli katkılarda bulunan Mir Celal'in 100. doğum
yıldönümünün UNESCO düzeyinde kutlanması, kültür ve edebiyatımızın küresel ölçekte
tanınmasının bir göstergesidir. Eserlerinin yanı sıra insani özellikleri, nezaketi ve evrensel
düşünceleriyle de örnek kabul edilir. Mir Celal, hikâyenin hem biçiminde hem de içeriğinde yenilik
getirmiştir. Mir Celal, edebiyatımıza hikâyenin anma biçimini, hicivsel, lirik-romantik, ailevi-
gündelik biçimini yeni bir formda kazandırdı. Mir Celal, öyküde yaşadığı dönemin özelliklerini
sanatsal olarak yansıtmaktadır. Mir Celal'in öykücülüğü çağdaş Azerbaycan nesrinin önemli bir
kolunu oluşturur. Mir Celal hikâyenin tür ve biçimlerine yenilerini ekledi. “Hikayeler-anılar”
başlığı, kısa öyküler, betimleyici öyküler Mir Celal ile ilişkilendirilir. Hiciv hikâyelerinin klasik
versiyonları olmasına rağmen modern zamanlarda Mir Celal ismiyle anılmaktadır.
Anahtar kelimeler.
Mir Celal, Azerbaycan edebiyatı, kısa hikaye türü, vatanseverlik teması,
gençliğin eğitilmesinde hikayelerin rolü.
РОЛЬ МИРА ДЖАЛАЛА В РАЗВИТИИ ЖАНРА РАССКАЗА В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ
Расулова Айшан Асад,
докторант Бакинского государственного университета,
Кафедры истории азербайджанской литературы,
старший научный сотрудник Института образования
Азербайджанской Республики,
кафедры Теории и истории образования
Аннотация.
Счастье нашего народа в том, что он дал миру и человеческой культуре
множество выдающихся личностей. В этом отношении Мир Джалал Пашаев, известный
своими беспримерными заслугами в развитии азербайджанской литературы, стоит на
переднем крае как одна из таких выдающихся личностей. Жизнь и творчество этого
выдающегося писателя изучаются, а его произведения публикуются не только в
Азербайджане, но и за рубежом. Празднование 100-летнего юбилея Мир Джалала, внесшего
важный вклад в азербайджанскую литературу XX века, на уровне ЮНЕСКО является
показателем признания нашей культуры и литературы в мировом масштабе. Наряду с его
произведениями, его человеческие качества, доброта и общечеловеческие идеи считаются
образцовыми. Мир Джалал внес новаторство как в форму, так и в содержание рассказа.
Мир Джалал принес в нашу литературу мемориальную форму рассказа, сатирическую,
лирико-романтическую, семейно-бытовую форму в новой форме. Мир Джалал
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художественно отражает время той эпохи, в которой он жил в рассказе. Рассказное
творчество Мир Джалала составляет важную ветвь современной азербайджанской прозы.
Мир Джалал дополнил типы и формы рассказа. Название «Рассказы-воспоминания»,
рассказы-новеллы, описательные рассказы связаны с Мир Джалалом. Хотя существуют
классические варианты сатирических рассказов, в современности это связано с именем Мир
Джалала.
Ключевые слова.
Мир Джалал, азербайджанская литература, жанр рассказа, тема
патриотизма, роль рассказов в воспитании молодежи.
In 1958, the work of literary critic Jafar Khandan, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the
birth of our outstanding writer Mir Jalal, entitled “Mir Jalal”, was published. Professor Jafar
Khandan Hajiyev writes: “...They work for decades on novels that do not fit into volumes, they do
not pay attention to the story. That is why we cannot fail to appreciate the work of Mir Jalal, who
does not forget this genre and writes new stories and novellas” [6, p.22].
In addition to writing critical works, Mir Jalal is also known for his works inspired by love for
the homeland. In his story “Wounds of the Motherland”, he touches on this serious topic. He
created images of people who love their homeland and are very patriotic. At the same time, Mir
Jalal was also an excellent connoisseur of classical heritage and folk psychology, as well as folk
creativity. Therefore, his patriotic human images stemmed from his attitude to the classical heritage,
as well as from his deep absorption of folk art and folklore.
Elchin Efendiyev notes in one of his memoirs that he reviewed the articles published in 1937-
1939. At that time, the press wrote articles against the repressed writers, and even exposed them.
The literary scholar notes that he did not come across a single article by Mir Jalal among these
articles, which he considers a very proud and encouraging fact.
There is a generation that grew up with the works of Mir Jalal Muallim and learned a lot from
his works. Mir Jalal is one of the most honest writers in Azerbaijani literature. If the works and
books of a writer are published 50, 60, 70 years after his time, even if they are published a long time
after his time, this shows that the writer is honest. He prioritized the interest of literature, did not
sacrifice it to the interest of the era. That is why, no matter what era, no matter where in the world,
the works of the writer can be published. Mir Jalal Muallim is a great image of humanity in our
literature. At the same time, he educated thousands of young people as a teacher, which is the
greatest service that can be done to the people.
When Mir Jalal worked in Ganja and Gadabay, received higher education, went on creative
missions, during his student years, during his activity as a teacher, met people of different
characters, and people of different professions, Mir Jalal could observe life as a writer deeply. That
is why the writer answered the questions that interested and worried his readers in his stories.
Researchers have repeatedly noted Mir Jalal's important role in the development of the story genre
in Azerbaijan in their speeches and articles. In Mir Jalal's stories, for about 40 years, people -
generations who replace each other live the upbringing and moral norms surrounding them, which
are characterized by high artistic quality. In these works, Mir Jalal's civic pride clearly manifests
itself in his search for a person who is morally and spiritually perfect. According to the conclusion
drawn from Mir Jalal's stories, man, as well as time, is an extremely inexhaustible being, a rich
"treasure" with deep feelings and cognition, whose inner world is endless. To emdiv this treasure
once and for all, to reveal the “secret of man and time” is an extremely complex process.
Nevertheless, Mir Jalal managed to cope with this difficult and important task by writing down the
different types and characteristics of time, man, and literary heroes. The author of this article has
published scientific articles about Mir Jalal’s stories published in various genres in reputable
journals, including abroad [7-24].
The works of our outstanding writer Mir Jalal, written in small genres, were published in five
volumes in 2013. Many of the stories and essays in the volumes were previously published in
newspapers and magazines, and later published as books. During the subsequent printing of the
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works, the author made more or less changes and corrections. There were also certain differences
when some works were later printed.
Since the story occupies a central place in Mir Jalal’s work, the writer’s stories are presented
in 4 volumes. [1;2;3;4;5]. The last volume contains genres that we encounter in the writer's work,
albeit rarely, namely essays, poems, feuilletons, translations and memoirs.
The story is considered a more widespread genre of written literature, of the epic type,
compared to other genres. It is the smallest in volume among the genres of plot prose is a story. A
story can consist of several plots using auxiliary plot devices. Although the epic type is a small
genre in terms of volume, here the author describes one story in relation to several characters. The
authors of the first stories in our literature are Abbasgulu agha Bakikhanov with his work “Kitabi-
Asgariyya” and Ismayil bey Gutgashinli with his story “Rashid bey and Saadat khanum”.
Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev’s “Mirza Safar” and Jalil Mammadguluzadeh’s “Postal Box” can be
cited as typical examples of the story. Great masters of the literary word have from time to time
revealed a number of hidden genre features and artistic possibilities of the story, confirming its
power to express deep meaning and content. In the writings of J.Mammadguluzadeh,
A.Haqverdiyev, A.Shaig, Y.V.Chamanzaminli, S.Huseyn, S.S.Akhundov and other masters of
storytelling, the story has given direction to philological and social thought as the leading creative
field of literary processes. This small genre, which has produced masters such as world classics as
Onere de Balzac, Guy de Maupassant, I.S.Turgenev, A.P.Chekhov, has also been the first artistic
source, a means of influencing time and people for Mir Jalal.
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