Periodontal Tissues Changes in Infectious Diseases

American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research

139

https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr

VOLUME

Vol.05 Issue05 2025

PAGE NO.

139-141

DOI

10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue05-33

Periodontal Tissues Changes in Infectious Diseases

Yakubova Sarvinoz Rakhmonkul Kizi

Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan

Received:

28 March 2025;

Accepted:

24 April 2025;

Published:

26 May 2025

Abstract:

The first sign of tooth decay is a chalky white spot on the tooth. At this stage, the decay process can be

reversed. If you think you might have early stage tooth decay, make an appointment to see your oral health
professional.

Keywords:

Risk of tooth, tooth decay, acids attack, food and drinks.

Introduction:

Periodontitis is advanced gum disease

that can occur if gingivitis is left untreated. The part of
the gum that joins to the tooth becomes weakened and
allows bacteria to become trapped between the gum
and the tooth. This can damage the soft tissue that
connects your teeth and jaw bones, which can cause
teeth to loosen. Oral cancer Oral cancer refers to
cancer that develops in the lips, tongue, gums, floor
and roof of the mouth. Oral cancer is the 8th most
common cancer in men in Victoria, and the 14th most
common cancer in women. Consuming alcohol and
tobacco are the two main risk factors for oral cancer.
Oral cancer symptoms can include: A visible mass or
lump (may or may not be painful) Mouth ulcer that

won’t heal White or red patche

s in the

mouth/tongue/gums Loss of sensation anywhere in the
mouth Difficulty swallowing, moving your tongue, or
moving your jaw Loose teeth or sore gums Altered taste
Swollen lymph glands JMEA Journal of Modern
Educational

Achievements

2024,

Volume

1

https://scopusacademia.org/ - 224 - Whilst dental
diseases are common, there are several simple ways
you can reduce your risk. Clean well for a healthy
mouth Regular tooth brushing helps to prevent tooth
decay and gum disease by reducing the amount of
bacteria and plaque around your teeth and gums. Tips
for effective cleaning include: Clean your teeth twice a
day; in the morning and before bed. Use a toothbrush
with a small head and soft bristles and a pea-sized
amount of fluoride toothpaste. Gently brush teeth and
along the gum line in small circles, making sure to brush
each tooth on the front, back, and chewing surfaces.

After brushing, spit out toothpaste

–

do not swallow it,

and do not rinse with water. This allows the fluoride
more time to strengthen your teeth. Electric
toothbrushes can also be a good option. Guide the
brush slowly across, pausing for a few seconds at each
tooth. Do not press too hard or scrub, let the brush do
the work. Find out about tooth brushing for children.
Flossing It is important to clean between teeth where a

toothbrush can’t reach. Products such as floss and

interdental brushes can remove plaque from between
your teeth. Talk to your oral health professional about
whether you should use one of these products. Eat well
for a healthy mouth The foods you eat impact your oral
health. Sugary and starchy foods feed the bacteria that
can cause tooth decay and gum disease. Tips for eating
well include: Limit how often you have sweet foods and
eat them at mealtimes rather than between meals.
Choose healthy snacks such as fresh fruit, vegetable
sticks, natural yoghurt, plain popcorn, soups, or cheese.
Choose fresh fruit over dried fruit, as dried fruit can
stick on your teeth and feed the bacteria that cause
tooth decay. Have a piece of cheese after eating sweet
or acidic foods as dairy foods assist in repairing damage
by decay-causing bacteria.

METHODS

For more information on eating well, visit the
Australian Dietary Guidelines. Chewing sugar-free gum
can also be helpful in the fight against decay. It can help
to produce saliva, which is able to wash sugar out of the
mouth into the stomach, neutralize acid, fight bacteria
and repair the early stages of tooth decay. Drink well

American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research

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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)

for a healthy mouth Like food, what you drink also
impacts your oral health. Sugary drinks feed the
bacteria that can cause tooth decay and gum disease.
Choosing tap water (which contains fluoride for most
Victorians) helps to repair the damage done by bacteria
and reduces your risk of tooth decay. The early signs of
dental disease can be difficult to see. An oral health
professional is trained to spot and treat any problems
early, which can prevent bigger problems developing.
They can also provide you with care to prevent disease,
such as fluoride treatments and dental sealants to
prevent tooth decay. Ask your oral health professional
how often you should have a dental check up. If you
have not had a dental visit for a while, it might be a
good idea to book one. Having no pain does not always
mean that your teeth and mouth are healthy. Always
see your oral health professional if you have: mouth
pain bleeding gums swelling of the face a damaged or

knocked out tooth (or teeth) mouth sores that don’t

heal after a couple of weeks. Most people learn at an
early age that regular brushing and flossing can help

prevent cavities. But what many don’t know is that

good dental health is key to maintaining whole-person
health

–

especially for people with certain medical

conditions. “During a routine exam, a dentist can oft

en

detect the first signs of underlying conditions such as

diabetes, leukemia, or heart disease,” said Dr. Cary Sun,
Cigna’s chief dental officer. “Regular treatment is

crucial for these patients to help address JMEA Journal
of Modern Educational Achievements 2024, Volume 1
https://scopusacademia.org/ - 226 - needed dental
treatment and prevent serious infections that can

impact their overall health.” You may not be aware that

a cavity is forming. That's why it's important to have
regular dental checkups and cleanings, even when your
mouth feels fine. But if you have a toothache or mouth
pain, see your dentist as soon as possible. Plaque
forms. Dental plaque is a clear sticky film that coats
your teeth. It's due to eating a lot of sugars and starches
and not cleaning your teeth well. When you don't clean
sugars and starches off your teeth, bacteria quickly
begin feeding on them and forming plaque. Plaque that
stays on your teeth can harden under or above your
gum line into tartar. Tartar makes plaque harder to
remove and creates a shield for bacteria. A dental
professional needs to remove this plaque. Plaque
attacks. The acids from bacteria remove minerals in
your tooth's hard, outer enamel. This erosion causes
tiny openings or holes in the enamel

—

the first stage

of cavities. Once areas of enamel are worn away, the
bacteria and acid can reach the next layer of your teeth,
called dentin. This layer is softer than enamel and less
resistant to acid, causing your teeth to be more
sensitive. Damage continues. As tooth decay happens,
the bacteria and acid move through your teeth to the

inner tooth material (pulp) that contains nerves and
blood vessels. The pulp becomes swollen and irritated
from the bacteria. Because there is no place for the
swelling to expand inside of a tooth, the nerve becomes
pressed, causing pain. Sometimes pain and damage can
spread outside of the tooth root to the bone, causing
bone loss around the tooth and even reaching nearby
teeth. Anyone who has teeth can get cavities, but these
factors raise the risk: Tooth location. Decay most often
occurs in your back teeth

—

your molars and

premolars. These teeth have lots of grooves, pits and
crannies, and multiple roots that can collect food
particles. That's why they're harder to keep clean than
your smoother, easy-to-reach front teeth. Certain
foods and drinks. Foods that cling to your teeth for a
long time are more likely to cause decay than foods
that are easily washed away by saliva. These JMEA
Journal of Modern Educational Achievements 2024,
Volume 1 https://scopusacademia.org/ - 227 - foods
include milk, ice cream, honey, sugar, soda, dried fruit,
cake, cookies, hard candy and mints, dry cereal, and
chips. Snacking or sipping a lot. When you snack or sip
sugary drinks a lot, you give mouth bacteria more fuel
to make acids that attack your teeth and wear them
down. And sipping soda or other acidic drinks
throughout the day helps create a continual acid bath
over your teeth. Bedtime baby feeding. When babies
are given bedtime bottles filled with milk, formula,
juice or other liquids that have sugar, these beverages
remain on their teeth for hours while they sleep. This
feeds bacteria that can cause decay. This damage often
is called baby bottle tooth decay. Similar damage can
occur when toddlers wander around drinking from a
sippy cup filled with these beverages. Not brushing
your teeth well. If you don't clean your teeth soon after
eating and drinking, plaque forms quickly, and the first
stages of decay and gingivitis can begin. Not getting
enough fluoride. Fluoride, a naturally occurring
mineral, helps prevent cavities. It also can reverse the
earliest stages of tooth damage. Because of its benefits
for teeth, fluoride is added to many public water
supplies. It's also a common ingredient in toothpaste
and mouth rinses. But bottled water usually does not
contain fluoride. Dental devices can stop fitting well,
allowing decay to begin under them. Heartburn.
Heartburn, a common symptom of gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD), can cause stomach acid to flow
into your mouth. This is called reflux. It can wear away
the enamel of your teeth and cause a lot of damage.
This exposes more of the dentin to bacteria, creating
tooth decay. Your dentist may recommend that you
talk with your healthcare professional to see if GERD is
causing your enamel loss. Eating disorders. Anorexia
and bulimia can lead to a lot of tooth erosion and
cavities. Stomach acid from repeated vomiting, called

American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research

141

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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)

purging, washes over the teeth and begins eating away
at the enamel. Eating disorders also can get in the way
of saliva production.

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