No. 05 (2025) Volume 05 Issue 05

Currently, the problem of diseases of hard dental tissues of non-carious origin has increased significantly. As is known, one of the most common among them is erosion of hard dental tissues.  

In the article, the issue of women, their participation in socio-political relations, the fact that their rights and freedoms are ensured in practice is an important index of the development of states and democracy. Also, attention to women has risen to the level of real state policy: its legal and institutional foundations have been fundamentally improved. This led to the emergence of ideas that women also have a position as a productive force.  

Typical clinical signs of erosion are the presence of a smooth silk-glazed, sometimes dull surface with an intact enamel zone along the gum margin. At later stages, further morphological changes can be detected, resulting in the formation of a depression in the enamel, the width of which exceeds its depth.  

The first sign of tooth decay is a chalky white spot on the tooth. At this stage, the decay process can be reversed. If you think you might have early stage tooth decay, make an appointment to see your oral health professional.  

Conflict is understood as a mutually negative state of mind characterized by negativism in hostile relations that occurs as a result of the mismatch of views, interests and needs of two or more people. Conflicts in the family are one of the most common forms of conflicts.External factors have a significant impact on the occurrence of conflicts inability to separate, or lack of employment of family members and mutual betrayals are the main reasons. And  of course, the interference of other family members in the couple’s relationship. These can be mother-in-low, sister-in-low, sister-in-low, or brothers. Continuity of conflicts causes the family to come to the brink of separation. The increase in the number of divorces, in turn, has a negative impact on the development and progress of society. Therefore, preventing divorce and preserving the family remains one of the priority issues in our country.

Scholarly and popular investigations into how English literature shapes cultural identity in multiethnic settings date back to the 1980s. The creation of South Africa as a rainbow nation, popularised and sensationalized by the idea of the new nation's hospitality, is one such tangible or publicly visible occurrence. Despite severe criticism and rejection, this national story has credibility and acknowledgment in the moral imagination of individuals both within and outside of South Africa. Starting with the rainbow nation, this analysis will place the rainbow narrative in the broader educational framework of how literature shapes cultural identities. It will also critically examine both contemporary and esoteric literary and academic practices. 

Objective: to increase the effectiveness of treatment of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis of the oral mucosa against the background of chronic gastroduodenitis by correcting dysbiotic disorders and enhancing antioxidant protection through pathogenetic therapy.

Methods: General clinical, laboratory, biochemical, functional, instrumental and statistical methods were used in the course of the study.

Results: Clinical studies in patients with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis of the oral mucosa against the background of chronic gastroduodenitis have shown: a decrease in the following indicators by 1.24 times, a deterioration in hygiene by 1.92 times, an increase in the Schiller-Pisarev test by 2.06 times, an increase in stimulated salivation by 1.84 times and the absence of stimulated salivation by 2.09 times, a shift in The pH is in the acidic side.

Conclusions: The results of clinical and laboratory studies during operative and long-term follow-up showed that the therapeutic and prophylactic complex developed by us for the treatment of oral mucosal diseases in chronic gastroduodenitis has a long-term bactericidal effect against pathological microbes. The local immune status of the oral cavity was observed to approach the norm.  

This article analyzes the importance of the creative collaboration between the director and the actor in the art of theater, methods for enhancing the effectiveness of this process, and the necessity of this collaboration for the success of the stage performance. It discusses various stylistic approaches based on the experiences of famous directors and actors.  

The article presents some considerations about the learning process and the factors influencing it. An attempt has been made to explain in detail what factors the learning process depends on.  

The quality management system is an administrative-managerial tool consisting in the formalization of actions by developing standards designed to coordinate the interaction of employees and controlling their implementation in order to ensure the compliance of the parameters of the activities of higher educational institutions with the established requirements. In the article, the author examines the features of the quality management system in the management mechanism of higher education institutions; the relationship between the expected results of its implementation and implementation, as well as conducted a sociological study and presented the results of the analysis in order to study the attitude of the faculty and staff of the university to this management resource.  

Objective: to improve methods of early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of caries of permanent teeth in mentally retarded children attending special schools.

Methods: During the study, general clinical, laboratory, biochemical, functional, instrumental and statistical methods were used. The object of the study was 220 pupils attending special boarding schools No. 62 and 63 of Samarkand city and Akdarya district, respectively, from 2018 to 2021.

Results: The prevalence of dental caries in mentally retarded children studying in specialized schools depends on their level of socialization, nutrition and the presence of Down syndrome. The risk group includes socialized children without Down syndrome: the caries intensity index was 3.8 4.9; 5.8, and the prevalence is 42.0, 76.0 and 85.0% in children 8, 10 and 12 years old, respectively. The prevalence of caries in children with Down syndrome was lower - 33.0, 64.0 and 72.0% in children 8, 10 and 12 years old, respectively.

Conclusions: According to the results of applying a special preventive algorithm, the number of cariogenic microorganisms on the teeth slightly decreased from the initial values. Thus, the most optimal treatment regimen with a high therapeutic effect in mentally retarded patients has been identified, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce its time.  

Children with Down syndrome is at increased risk for oral health problems, including dental caries, due to a combination of anatomical, physiological, and behavioral factors. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fissure sealants in preventing caries development in the permanent teeth of children with Down syndrome. A clinical trial was conducted on a selected group of children aged 6–12 years, divided into two cohorts: one receiving fissure sealant treatment and a control group without sealant application. Over a 12-month period, both groups were monitored for caries incidence through regular dental examinations. The results demonstrated a significantly lower occurrence of new carious lesions in the group treated with fissure sealants, confirming their preventive efficacy. The study highlights the importance of preventive dental care, particularly the use of sealants, in improving the oral health and quality of life of children with Down syndrome.  

The most common dental diseases include tooth decay, gum disease, and oral cancer. Let’s take a closer look at how these happen and how they can be prevented.

When you consume food and drinks that are sugary or starchy (high in carbohydrates), the bacteria that naturally live in your mouth, break them down forming acids. These acids attack and dissolve the outer surface (enamel) of your teeth. Over time this can result in a hole. The risk of tooth decay is increased for people with dry mouth syndrome.  

Flipped learning has emerged as a transformative pedagogical approach in foreign language education, shifting the traditional instructional paradigm by delivering content outside the classroom and dedicating in-class time to interactive, student-centered activities. This article explores the multifaceted impact of flipped learning on foreign language acquisition, examining its effects on language proficiency, learner engagement, motivation, self-regulated learning, and higher-order thinking skills. Drawing upon empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the discussion highlights both the benefits and challenges of implementing flipped learning in diverse educational contexts.  

Measures to develop the medical profile system have become widespread in our country, in particular, to reduce the number of dental patients and their complications, as well as to provide qualified medical care to persons with this pathology and its changes. "...the purpose of expanding the mystery and guidelines for the effectiveness of medical care is to study the pool of a healthy lifestyle and the study of methods of technology in prevention, as well as the selection and support of patients, the use of standardization methods in medicine, the introduction of ways to improve the effectiveness of models of patronage and medical examination.  

"DEVONU LUGʻOTIT-TURK" (often called "Devon-i Lugat-it-Turk") is a Turkish dictionary written in the 11th century, compiled by Mahmud al-Qashghari. It is of great importance in the study of the lexical richness of Turkic languages, providing valuable information about polysemous words and their use in different contexts. The article discusses the method of explaining polysemous words in the work "Devonu lugatit turk". Although this dictionary is the most important work of 11th-century lexicography, it is a very important source from this point of view, showing the historical development of Turkic languages.  

Pediatric dental diseases, especially dental caries and periodontal conditions, remain among the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting children worldwide. Despite the availability of preventive measures, the incidence of these conditions continues to rise, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This article explores modern and evidence-based approaches to improving preventive strategies for pediatric oral health, with a focus on education, public health policy, technology integration, and individualized care.  

In this article is considered the modernisation situation in terminological system. Especially, there is a speech about lexical modernisation. Analysis and conclusions are based by examples from the Uzbek terminological system.  

This article explores how reading fosters the development of critical thinking skills. Reading is not only a means of acquiring information but also a tool for analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing ideas. By engaging with various texts especially those that present complex arguments, multiple viewpoints, and ambiguous interpretations readers are challenged to think deeply and independently. The article outlines specific cognitive processes stimulated by reading, such as inference-making, argument analysis, and perspective taking, and suggests educational approaches for nurturing critical thinking through reading activities.

The novella "The Stranger" by Albert Camus, a writer with an unconventional approach and unique creative works, requires deep contemplation. Indeed, Camus describes both the work and each situation in it in a philosophical manner.

In particular, as many have analyzed, the paranormal character in the work not only holds up a mirror to society, but society also reflects this individual.

This study examines the impact of digital transformation on administrative efficiency in companies and institutions, focusing on the telecommunications sector. A random sample of 200 employees from Asia Cell Telecommunications Company, which is undergoing a digital transformation process in Saudi Arabia, was selected. The study used a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool, designed to include questions on the level of technology adoption within the organization, administrative efficiency, and the impact of digital transformation on administrative performance. Data were analyzed using statistical methods, including T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test. The results showed that digital transformation positively improved performance speed, reduced errors, and increased administrative efficiency. Additionally, technology facilitated interdepartmental interaction and improved coordination, enhancing overall organizational performance.

Argumentation plays a central role in literature, serving as an effective tool for conveying ideas and beliefs and for changing perspectives. In the literary context, argumentation is a means that contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of literary texts, whether prose or poetry. This is closely linked to human nature, which is naturally inclined toward dialogue and debate, making argumentation an integral part of constructing the meanings of literary texts. Through logical reasoning and rhetorical eloquence, literary characters are able to persuade the reader of the various concepts the author seeks to convey.

The importance of argumentation in literature is clearly evident in the way social, political, and religious issues are addressed. The ability to employ argumentation effectively allows authors to present their perspectives on historical events or contemporary crises in ways that engage the reader and enable critical thinking. In the case of literature about the Karbala tragedy, for example, argumentation is used to highlight moral and political values, helping readers understand the complexities surrounding the tragedy and its various dimensions. Moreover, argumentation can be considered a bridge between the writer and the recipient, facilitating the process of presenting ideas in a logical and effective manner. This reciprocal relationship requires writers to possess high skills in constructing persuasive discourses and managing intellectual discussions in a manner that achieves the desired impact. Therefore, it can be said that argumentation is one of the fundamental pillars that contribute to the development of the artistic and textual structure of literature, enhancing the literary text's ability to communicate and express complex human experiences in a way that touches the reader's soul and inspires their thinking.

Intellectual exchange is a fundamental pillar of communication between different cultures. It aims to understand the other, exchange ideas, and reduce misunderstandings. This concept is reflected in our research on the art of scholarly exchange between Shiite and Al-Azhar scholars. It aims to promote Islamic unity and resolve doctrinal and jurisprudential differences between them, finding solutions to all differences through meaningful dialogue.

On the other hand, the twentieth century witnessed significant intellectual, political, and social transformations at the Islamic and global levels. These transformations significantly impacted the relationship between Islamic sects, particularly between Shiite and Sunni sects. Despite their differences, which extended over various periods, this century witnessed significant intellectual and activism efforts to unite the two sects through dialogue and exchange of views to achieve Islamic unity and enhance rapprochement and understanding between them. In addition to what has been mentioned, there were significant efforts to overcome the differences between the two parties and unify efforts to confront external threats that pose a danger to all Muslims, regardless of sectarianism. The most prominent challenges are colonialism and internal conflicts, which posed a real challenge to the Islamic nation. There were many manifestations of rapprochement between the two sides, the most prominent of which was the House of Rapprochement between Islamic Schools of Thought, which played a role in stimulating intellectual dialogue between Shiite and Sunni scholars and strengthening the bonds of brotherhood between them. Within the framework of our topic (The Intellectual Convergence between Sunni and Shiite Sects), we have clarified the most critical points of convergence between the two sects throughout history, the points of convergence between Shiite and Sunni thought, the rejection of all aspects of their differences, the encouragement of Islamic unity, and the rejection of sedition and intellectual extremism between the two sects. Through our research, we can see the efforts of scholars and leaders to bring the two sects closer together and strive for Islamic unity. These efforts were not limited to the clergy but extended to the efforts of some rulers, starting with Nader Shah's efforts to initiate unity between the two sects, refrain from insulting the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, and lead prayers in Mecca under Imam Ja'fari. This is in addition to other attempts by scholars, including Zanjani, Sheikh Salim al-Bishri, and Sheikh al-Shaltut. From the Shiite side, Hibat al-Din al-Shahristani, Muhammad Husayn Kashif al-Ghita', al-Hurr al-'Amili, and many others sought to bring the two sects closer together, explore their differences, and address critical legal issues for the sake of Islamic unity and to resolve their differences. The research covers an introduction to the history of intellectual rapprochement between Shiite and Sunni thought, the most important figures who sought rapprochement between the two sects, and the differences between them, as well as the most important religious figures who sought rapprochement between Sunni and Shiite, thought. The research aims to shed light on these efforts, review the most important figures and institutions that led the rapprochement movement, and study the impact of this rapprochement on Islamic societies in the twentieth century and the lessons that can be learned from it.

Study of counterfeiting needs to know the methods using in the counterfeiting. Here we are working to compare between original and counterfeit currency and find difference between them, the study takes the Iraqi currency as an example or element to make testing. with applications on many parameters in Iraqi currency design such as type of paper and ink using in printing and the saturation degree of the color in each one of them.

It’s very important to remember the penalty in Iraqi law against the counterfeiting and explain that penalties to show the effects on the persons whom working in this field.

The study needs to know the specifications and categories of Iraqi currency for each original and counterfeit to make comparison clear.The investigation system depend on image segmentation; the best way to discovering counterfeit currency is know the value of color to represent a counterfeit of a currency.

Geospatial studies for analyzing and studying the geological characteristics, their distribution, and their impact on the land cover are of great importance to know the extent of their impact on the hydrological and geomorphological processes, to give an image of the land cover of the region and highlight the importance of hydrology sciences in that it can divide, use and manage water resources. When studying any area from the side, It is necessary to study the elements of the natural environment because of their importance in hydrological studies, which include the geological situation, climate elements, soil, and natural vegetation. Since the geology of the region is part of the geology of Iraq, which is located in the northeastern part of the Arabian plate and as a result of its movement during the Cretaceous era (the second time) and the Miocene era (the third time), it collided with the Iranian and Turkish plate, so it formed from the north and north-east side of Iraq the Zagros-Taurus mountains. The study of the region's geology relied on the Wasit plate because the area is part of it.