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INDICATIONS OF THE MORPHOMETRIC CHANGES OF THE
THYMUSIS IN INFANTS WHO DIED IN THE ANTENATAL PERIOD
Mahkamov N.J.
Andijan State Medical Institute,
DSc , associate professor nosirzonmahkamov5@gmail.com Andijan city
Yuldashev Z.N.
Andijan State Medical Institute
independent researcher ziyoyidding@gmail.com Andijan city
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14264168
Abstract:
Delays in morphological development in the pituitary gland: the
cortical layer of the thymus is characterized by the fact that it occupies a very
small area of the medulla in terms of width, and there are almost no
lymphocytes. As the main morphological substrate of these changes, the size of
the reticuloepithelial cells of the thymus cortical layer is small, the desmasomas
are short and thick, the number of sparse fibrous structures connecting the
spaces of desmasomas, and the perivascular areas of the cortical layer are
numerous. Those who died from intrauterine infection in the antenatal period
make up 78.2% of all babies and form the basis of our research.
Key words:
thymus, immunohistochemistry, involution, immunodeficiency,
necrosis, apoptosis.
The relevance of the problem:
It is understood that premature birth of the
fetus due to intrauterine infection is 1-4% of every 1000 births in the world of
newborns or perinatal pathologies. It is the development of the immune system
that has a major impact on health, especially during pregnancy, early childhood,
and even throughout life (Hertz-Picciotto et al., 2008). There is increasing
evidence revealing a link between interventions during the perinatal period and
immune system disorders in offspring in postnatal life (Yang et al., 2014) . In
perinatal pathologies, antenatal death mainly develops together with infectious
and non-infectious etiological processes and manifests itself in the form of fetal
immaturity, asphyxia, birth trauma, pneumopathies, perinatal blood circulation
disorders in the brain, and hemorrhagic disease of newborns.
Discussion and results:
Morphological and immunohistochemical
methods of thymus tissue of stillborn babies in the antenatal period were used.
The prepared micropreparation was measured by mathematical calculation of
the size, width, and area of fibrous structures in 200x magnified field of view
using
NanoZoomer
(REF
C13140-21.S/N000198/HAMAMATSU
PHOTONICS/431-3196 JAPAN) Hamamatsu (QuPath-0.4.0, NanoZoomer Digital
Pathology Image) through morphometric software indicators (in μm) and was
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performed by calculating the mean statistical analysis. The numerical and
indicator values obtained in this process were statistically and mathematically
analyzed and expressed through reliability level indicators.
Thus, it can be concluded that out of 131 cases, grade 3 dysplastic coxarthrosis
was detected in 73.9%, and grade 2 dysplastic coxarthrosis in 26.7%, and it was
found that dysplastic coxarthrosis of the 3rd degree was the most common.
According to the morphometric indicators of the thymus gland of stillborn
babies of different periods of 23-38 weeks, thymus tissue prepared from
autopsy materials of antenatally dead babies at 23-36 weeks was scanned in
NanoZoomer. At least 10 sections were taken from each case, and average sizes
were obtained with a confidence index of no less than R≤0.01, with an average
error of 5 μm lost between consecutive sections. The main aspects were the
structural aspects of the thymus: cells, fibrous structures, the thickness of the
bark and medulla layers, the area occupied by each of these structures, and
other indicators were obtained. Specifically, the ratio of spaces in the
parenchyma of the thymus in the spatial dimensions to the cellular content was
on average 5/3, and signs of collapse were found in 40% of the stroma. This
confirms the accidental transformation of the thymus and premature involution
of the thymus. According to different indicators of the anatomical layers of the
thymus at different periods of the gestational period, at 22-27 weeks, the
thickness of the cortical layer was on average 54.4±0.4 μm, in the control group
this indicator was 58.3±0.5 μm, and statistical reliability It was shown by the
lack of relative differences in terms of the indicator. The cortical layer of the
thymus of babies who died antenatally at 28-33 weeks is 141.19 ± 1.11 μm, and
the cortical layer of the thymus of the control group of the same period is 67.12
± 1.12 μm, and the differences are statistically significant in the ratio of 2:1.
confirms that the thymus is lagging behind in development.
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