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MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE TYMUS OF STILLBORN
INFANTS
Yuldashev Z.N.
Andijan State Medical Institute
freelance seeker ziyayoidding@gmail.com Andijan city
Mahkamov N.J.
Andijan State Medical Institute,
DSc, associate professor
nosirzonmahkamov5@gmail.com Andijan the city
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14264203
Abstract:
The thymus of infants confirmed in the autopsy materials of a
stillborn fetus with infection in the mother was studied. The average weight of
the thymus of babies in this group is 7.21±1.31g, and the thymus of healthy
babies of the same period is 9.85±2.17g. The average thymus weight was found
to be 28.65% smaller than the norm. In the 36-39 weeks of intrauterine
development of the fetus, the effect of secondary infections developed in the
mother was not strongly manifested in the development of the thymus, the main
changes were secondary changes in the morphofunctional areas of the salivary
gland, the formation of a large number of Gassal bodies, signs of fullness in the
veins were determined.
Key words:
thymus, morphology, involution, immunodeficiency,
necrosis.
Relevance of the problem:
According to newborns in the world, the average
is 4-5 per 1000 births in the USA and Europe. The world's five highest rates are
Turkmenistan 45, Tajikistan 33, Azerbaijan 21, Kyrgyzstan 17 and Uzbekistan
16 cases per 1000 births. This indicates that full screening of extragenital
diseases during intrauterine development or examinations that should be done
during pregnancy have not been fully implemented. In perinatal pathologies,
antenatal death mainly develops together with infectious and non-infectious
etiological processes and manifests itself in the form of fetal immaturity,
asphyxia, birth trauma, pneumopathies, perinatal blood circulation disorders in
the brain, and hemorrhagic disease of newborns.
The purpose of the study
is to study the pathomorphological features of
the thymus tissue of stillborn babies.
Result and discussion:
In our study, 36-39-week-old babies who died
from various infectious factors and were stillborn were taken. According to the
organometric parameters of the thymus according to the gestational period,
morphologically the following were determined. It was found that the external
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fibrous capsule has grown into the cortex in a trabecular form, the septal
barriers are sharply expanded, and there are many rough structures with
fibroblasts and collagen fibers. At the same time, the fullness of trabecular blood
vessels, the development of interstitial tumors formed in the perivascular area,
and in many cases, the presence of foci of disorganization in the fibrous
structures were determined.
It was characterized by an abundance of thymocytes with dark hyperchromic
nuclei with foci of small-sized lymphocytes in the cortex. A large accumulation of
macrophages in the cortex, fragments of apoptized lymphocytes in the
cytoplasm are detected. Reticulo-epithelial cells are located along the perimeter
of the lobes, and small lymphocyte foci clusters are identified around their walls.
In the interval, it was found that reticulocytes and sparse fibers located in
different directions formed the basis of the swollen thymic stroma, and nurse
cells were located along the perimeter of the cortical layer, and a small number
of small lymphocytes were found around it. These identified signs mean that the
thymus has undergone an accidental transformation from a clinical and
morphological point of view, and it confirms the occurrence of primary cellular
immunodeficiency due to the development of intrauterine infection in stillborn
babies at 36-39 weeks. Exactly, at 36-39 weeks, the size of the thymus is reduced
by 28.6% compared to the control group, which is explained by the fact that it
developed in parallel with the enlargement of the adrenal gland.
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