ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
167
THE POSSIBILITIES OF DIET THERAPY FOR GESTATIONAL
DIABETES MELLITUS
Abdullaeva D.G.
Achilova I.K.
Tashkent Medical Academy
ORCID NO: 0000-0002-0858-4210
E.mail: abdullaeva.dg1976@gmail.com
Urgench branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13927365
Annotation
Gestational diabetes mellitus is currently defined as a disease characterized
by hyperglycemia, first detected during pregnancy. Hyperglycemia is one of the
most common conditions that women face during pregnancy. The diet must be
based on the list of permitted foods. A well-chosen diet and sufficient physical
activity help prevent the development of complications of gestational diabetes
mellitus.
Key words:
gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, diet therapy, food.
Actuality
. In a healthy pregnant woman, to overcome physiological insulin
resistance and maintain blood glucose levels normal for pregnancy, a
compensatory increase in insulin secretion by the pancreas occurs
approximately three times (the mass of beta cells increases by 10-15%).
However, in pregnant women, especially if there is a hereditary predisposition
to diabetes mellitus, obesity (BMI more than 30 kg/m2), etc., the existing insulin
secretion does not always allow one to overcome the physiological insulin
resistance that develops in the second half of pregnancy. Recent data indicates
that approximately 65% of the working-age population in the country is
overweight, including varying degrees of obesity.
In a healthy pregnant woman, to overcome physiological insulin resistance
and maintain blood glucose levels normal for pregnancy, a compensatory
increase in insulin secretion by the pancreas occurs approximately three times
(the mass of beta cells increases by 10-15%). However, in pregnant women,
especially if there is a hereditary predisposition to diabetes mellitus, obesity
(BMI more than 30 kg/m
2
), etc., the existing insulin secretion does not always
allow one to overcome the physiological insulin resistance that develops in the
second half of pregnancy. This leads to increased blood glucose levels and the
development of gestational diabetes mellitus. With the bloodstream, glucose is
immediately and unhinderedly transferred through the placenta to the fetus,
facilitating its production of its own insulin. Fetal insulin, having a “growth-like”
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
168
effect, leads to stimulation of the growth of its internal organs against the
background of a slowdown in their functional development, and excess glucose
coming from the mother through its insulin is deposited from the 28th week of
pregnancy in the subcutaneous depot in the form of fat.
As a result, chronic maternal hyperglycemia harms the development of the
fetus and leads to the formation of the so-called “diabetic fetopathy.” These are
fetal diseases that occur from the 12th week of intrauterine life until birth: large
fetal weight; violation of div proportions - large belly, wide shoulder girdle and
small limbs; advancement of intrauterine development - with ultrasound, an
increase in the main dimensions of the fetus in comparison with gestational age;
swelling of tissues and subcutaneous fat of the fetus; chronic fetal hypoxia
(impaired blood flow in the placenta as a result of prolonged uncompensated
hyperglycemia in a pregnant woman); delayed formation of lung tissue; injuries
during childbirth; high risk of perinatal mortality.
The diet must be based on the list of permitted foods. Diet No. 9 for
gestational diabetes mellitus allows you to consume: raw and boiled vegetables
(except starchy ones and carrots); berries and fruits (sour): strawberries,
currants, blueberries, raspberries, apricots, peach; cereals (except semolina);
cheese, cottage cheese; Rye bread; lean meat (chicken, turkey, beef), cooked with
a minimum of fat; nuts; chicken eggs; mushrooms; greenery; legumes.
The following are excluded from the diet menu for GDM: sausages, sugar,
jams and preserves, honey, baked goods and pasta made from white flour,
confectionery, baked goods, fruit juices, potatoes, semi-finished products, ice
cream, sweet fruits (bananas, persimmons, figs, melon). Butter should be
limited.
Conclusion
. A properly formulated diet and adequate physical activity
help prevent gestational diabetes mellitus.
Literature:
1.
Дилафруз Гайратовна Абдуллаева, & Наргиза Илхомовна Икромова
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International scientific-online conference
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