Том 3 № 38 (2024): Академические исследования в современной науке

Mamlakatimizda mustaqillikning dastlabki yillaridanoq ta’lim-tarbiya sifatini oshirishda hamkorlik  muhitini tashkil etish, maktab  va oilaning o‘zaro ta’sirini takomillashtirish orqali ta’lim oluvchilarda kitobxonlikka qiziqishni oshirishga alohida e’tibor qaratilib kelinmoqda. Ayniqsa, so‘nggi yillarda kitobxonlikka, kitob mahsulotlarini chop etishga davlat siyosati sifatida qaralmoqda. Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2020-yil 14-dekabrdagi  “2020-2025-yillarda kitobxonlik madaniyatini rivojlantirish va qo‘llab-quvvatlash to‘g‘risida”gi qaroriga binoan quyidagilar Dasturni amalga oshirishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari etib belgilandi:

В данной работе  рассматривается определение синтаксической синонимии, согласно которому к ней следует относить прежде всего предложения, репрезентирующие одну когнитивную ситуацию, при этом построенные по разным моделям и сохраняющие семантическое тождество лексических морфем.

Ushbu maqola o‘zbek tilidagi ayrim so‘zlarda leksik ma’noning grammatik ma’noga o‘tishi, leksik va grammatik ma’noning farqlari, ularning o‘zaro munosabati kabi masalalarni o‘rganadi. Tadqiqotda leksikologiya va grammatika, leksik va grammatik ma’nolarni tushunib olish, bu masalar bo‘yicha maxsus treninglar tashkil etish uchun ahamiyatlidir. Shuningdek, leksikologiya va morfologiyani bog‘lab o‘qitishda samaralidir.

This thesis investigates the linguistic intricacies and cultural implications embedded within Quranic and Hadith texts. It explores how language shapes religious concepts and how cultural contexts influence the interpretation and understanding of these foundational Islamic texts. By analyzing key lexical units and their semantic potentials, this study aims to highlight the dynamic interplay between language, culture, and religious thought in the Muslim world. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of linguistic analysis as a crucial tool for uncovering the depths of meaning within the Quran and Hadith, paving the way for greater appreciation and comprehension of these texts in contemporary discourse.

This thesis examines the fundamental linguocultural aspects embedded within the English language, investigating how linguistic structures, idiomatic expressions, and cultural references collectively shape the worldview of English speakers. Language is not merely a tool for communication; it serves as a reflection of the culture from which it emerges. Understanding the English language thus entails delving into the cultural, historical, and social contexts that inform its development and usage. Drawing on the ideas of notable philosophers and linguists, this study will elucidate how language encapsulates and conveys the essence of cultural identity, social values, and collective experience.

В истории общественное развитие не всегда шло гладко, человечество пережило множество препятствий, кризисов, деградации и неудач. Но удавалось преодолевать их, возрождать материальные и культурные ценности и стремиться к новым достижениям. Эпоха расцвета, подъёма в развитии науки и искусства называется "ренессансом". В Западной Европе такое возрождение произошло между XV и XVIII веками после почти 700 лет мракобесия. В Центральной Азии первый период этого возрождения длился с IX по XII века. Масштабы, последствия и влияние на мировую цивилизацию были огромными.

This research compares and analyzes food-related phrases in English and Uzbek. These phrases often have meanings beyond what the words directly say, reflecting cultural and linguistic differences. By studying how these expressions are structured, used, and what they mean culturally, this research aims to find both similarities and differences between the two languages. The results help us better understand how different cultures use language and the values that are a part of it.

The ability to communicate effectively is essential in today’s globalized world, making speaking and listening skills crucial components of language learning. Teaching these skills has evolved considerably over the years, shifting from traditional, teacher-centered approaches to more dynamic, learner-centered models. As new technologies and methodologies emerge, they offer innovative ways to enhance both speaking and listening proficiency. This thesis explores the latest trends in teaching speaking and listening skills, focusing on technology integration, communicative teaching approaches, and promoting learner autonomy.

This article examines the mechanisms for enhancing the efficiency of service enterprises in the contemporary business environment. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis, it explores various strategies and approaches that service-oriented businesses can employ to improve their operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and overall performance.

This article examines the mechanisms for enhancing the efficiency of service enterprises in the contemporary business environment. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis, it explores various strategies and approaches that service-oriented businesses can employ to improve their operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and overall performance.

Ushbu maqolada O'rta Osiyo davlatlarining XVI-XIX asrlardagi taqdirlash va jazo tizimi tahlil qilinadi. Tarixiy manbalar va zamonaviy tadqiqotlarga asoslanib, mintaqadagi huquqiy tizimning rivojlanishi, jazo turlarining o'zgarishi va ularning ijtimoiy-siyosiy konteksti o'rganiladi. Maqolada islom huquqi, mahalliy urf-odatlar va mintaqaviy hokimiyat tuzilmalarining o'zaro ta'siri alohida e'tibor qaratiladi.

Герпетическая инфекция относится к числу самых распространенных и плохо контролируемых инфекций человека. По данным ВОЗ, заболевания, вызванные вирусом простого герпеса занимают второе место после гриппа. Источником заражения являются лица с острой или персистирующей герпетической инфекцией.

Normal functioning of the body is ensured within a narrow range of concentrations of chemical elements, especially those that belong to the group of essential microelements: Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Cr, Se, I. Both their deficiency and excess lead to metabolic disorders and the occurrence of various diseases. According to literature, only 3% of the world's population does not have mineral metabolism disorders, which are the root cause or indicator of approximately 95% of all known diseases. In our country, the most common deficiencies are Zn, Se, Cu, Mn and Cr.

In this paper, a fractographic study of the working chamber of a linter unit and its key component, the agitator , was conducted . The purpose of the study was to analyze wear, cracking, and damage that occur during operation of the unit during the lintering of cotton raw materials. The study showed that the main destruction mechanisms are abrasive wear and fatigue failure caused by friction between the chamber walls and the cotton raw materials, as well as dynamic loads associated with the rotation of the agitator . Based on the data obtained, recommendations are proposed to increase the service life of the equipment by improving materials and optimizing the design. The results of the study can be used to increase the efficiency of linter units and improve the quality of cotton processing.

Interest rates are pivotal in shaping economic landscapes. They influence borrowing costs, consumer spending, and business investment decisions, making them crucial for policymakers and economists. Understanding the dynamics of interest rates and the underlying factors driving these changes is essential for effective economic forecasting and policy formulation.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural semantic peculiarities of Uzbek compound words. In addition, it is very important to study endocentricity and exocentricity of compounding in Uzbek.  Its primary objective is to analyse with the brief examples of unknown components of the topic.

Внутриматочные синехии или спайки (ВМС) под общеизвестным названием Синдрома Ашермана (СА), не смотря на своё широкоизучанность остаётся одним из важных вопросов в оперативной гинекологии. На развития данного заболевания приводят травмы базального слоя эндометрия, которые являются последствиями внутриматочных вмешательств таких, как выскабливание полости матки после родов или неполных абортов, полипэктомия, миомэктомия, кесарево сечение и др. В результате образования спаек полость матки деформируется и как последствие развивается функциональное нарушение. Также бессимптомное течение этой патологии усложняет своевременную диагностику и лечению, в связи чем требует достаточного изучения причин развития внутриматочных спаек. Одновременно нужно помнить о ранней профилактике заболевания для снижения частоты осложнений таких, как бесплодие, невынашивание беременности и др.

the immune system is one of the most complex autonomous regulatory systems of the body, therefore, violation of its functionality leads to serious complications of an autoimmune and infectious nature. “In this regard, in recent years, the issues of maintaining homeostasis in the immune system have become especially relevant.”The protection of a living organism cannot be imagined without an immune system. In humans and animals, the immune system provides the body's flexibility and protection against the effects of various pathogenic factors. In recent years, there has been an increase in diseases associated with damage to the immune system in the world". Currently, the degree of the body's immune reactivity undoubtedly determines the course and consequences of most diseases.

The homeland of lemon is considered to be India, China, and the tropical islands of the Pacific, formed from the natural crossing of citrons and bitter oranges, and has developed as a distinct species over a long period. Each year, approximately 14 million tons of lemons are produced worldwide. The leading producing countries are India and Mexico, accounting for about 16% of the global yield. In Uzbekistan, 36,500 tons of lemons were produced in 2021. One of the key factors for obtaining a high-quality yield from fruit-bearing plants is timely fertilization. It is known that for many years, granular nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various micronutrients have been widely used for the fertilization of fruit-bearing plants. The regular use of these macro-fertilizers is negatively affecting the meliorative condition of the soil in orchards.

This article is devoted to the development of children's creative abilities in preschool education through national music education. In the process of preschool education, children's creative abilities are formed through activities carried out through musical art and national musical heritage. Music plays an important role in the emotional development of children, the formation of aesthetic feelings and the expansion of creative thinking. National music education creates opportunities for children to learn national values and express themselves. Music lessons help develop children's cognitive, emotional and social skills. The article also analyzes the importance of music education for children's psychology, in the development of their creative abilities, and provides practical recommendations based on pedagogical approaches.

Ushbu tatqiqotning maqsadi O’zekiston Respublikasida to’lovga qobiliyatsizlik (bankrotlik) insititutining huquqiy asoslarini rivojlantirish uchun qonunchilikka kiritilgan asosiy o’zgartishlarni tahlil qilish va ularning samaradorlik darajasini o’rganishdir. Maqolada tadqiqot maqsadini aniq ifoda etish uchun tarixiy-huquqiy hamda qiyosiy taqqoslash metodikalaridan foydalanilgan.

In an increasingly globalized world, effective second language acquisition is critical for communication and academic success. However, language learning is not just about mastering grammar and vocabulary; it is deeply connected to culture. For English language learners (ELLs) in Uzbekistan, integrating cultural elements into the language-learning process can enhance both linguistic and cultural understanding. This thesis explores the use of Uzbek folktales as a method for teaching English to secondary school students, focusing on how these traditional stories not only improve language skills but also foster a deeper connection between the students' native culture and the foreign language.

This part of the thesis analyzes the texts of Uzbek and English fairy tales, which make it possible to determine in the world's linguistic landscape how the language units of different ethnic groups associated with the perception and verbalization of fairy tales are formed in the human mind. A comparative analysis of the texts of Uzbek and English fairy tales makes it possible to determine in the linguistic landscape of the universe how the language units of different ethnic groups associated with the perception and verbalization of fairy tales are formed in the human mind.

In a developed country, 3-4 people per 1000 inhabitants occur every year. Such injuries are the leading cause of death and disability in the 30s. 1.5 million annually worldwide. people lost their lives and 2.4 mln. a person becomes disabled. By 2010, the number of people with disabilities worldwide will reach 150 million. has reached Light, it has 10-20 times more than heavy types.

Bugungi kunda maktabgacha ta’lim tizimiga  katta e’tibor qaratilmoqda. Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim tizimida olib borilgan ishlar hamda, maktabgacha yoshdagi bolajonlarda interfaol texnologiya va metodlarni qo‘llab ko‘rish haqida so‘z boradi.

The term "genocide" has entered into practice since 1944. It is a very specific term, referring to violent and brutal crimes committed against groups of people or nations with an aim to eliminate and abolish them. In 1944, it is Polish Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin who made up the term genocide in his book documenting Nazi policies of systematically destroying European Jews (ushmm.org). Afterwards, the term “genocide” has had great influence on all the spheres of life, psychology, national identity and of course linguistic thinking (Gasparyan 2014:27).

English is an international language which is used officially all around the world. English can connect society with the world in various aspects. Anybody who wants to make connections with the world should learn English. We as a society with English is not the main language in our country, it is necessary to learn English in order to reach the outside world. Learn English can be from anywhere, learn English from college, internet, English tutoring, and social media too. To make English as a second language in our life, we need to understand the basic of English and appropriate learning strategy.

Ушбу мақолада ўзбек фразеологиясини қисқача ўрганилиш тариҳи ва Саид Аҳмад асарларида фразеологик бирликларнинг таҳлили ҳамда иборалардан фойдаланиш усуллари берилган.

Ushbu tezisda Ibrohim G‘afurov mansuralarining obrazlar tizimi, badiiy til xususiyatlari namunalar asosida ochib berilgan.

One of the most powerful means in education, gamification has been introduced for language learning. This paper explores the pros of gamification in learning foreign languages relating to motivation, enhancement of language competence and speech skills and student engagement. Based on existing literature, we identify that gamification enables customised learning experiences and increases learner motivation as well as language mastery in vocabularies, grammar practices and overall communication skills. Besides, gamification creates a positive learning atmosphere which is good for student retention and engagement. This shows the gamification not only acts as a motivator, but also as an efficient pedagogical practice for language learners in different educational backgrounds.

This research paper explores the concept of family within the framework of English linguistic culture, tracing its origins from ancient Roman society to contemporary interpretations. It examines the etymological roots of the term "family," deriving from the Latin "familia," and discusses its evolution in meaning and significance across different historical periods. The paper highlights the transition from a broad collective understanding of family in ancient cultures to the modern emphasis on the nuclear family structure in English society, characterized by intimate relationships among a limited number of family members. Additionally, it addresses the impact of globalization, cultural exchanges, and mass media on the perception and values associated with family life. The study also delves into the dynamics of blended families, family functions, and the role of cultural influences on family structures, emphasizing the importance of family as a social institution for emotional and social development. Ultimately, the paper contemplates the future of family structures in response to evolving societal norms and the implications for familial relationships across generations.   

Ushbu maqolada uzoq muddatli aktivlarni xalqaro standartlar asosida hisobini yuritish borasida xorijiy va mahalliy olimlarning yondashuvlari, shuningdek, xalqaro standartlarda uzoq muddatli aktivlarni tan olish, baholash va hisobga olish tamoyillari tadqiq qilindi.

Speech development is a vital aspect of language learning, particularly in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL). While much of the focus in communicative language teaching has been on dialogical interaction, monological speech—where a speaker engages in extended discourse—offers unique benefits for language acquisition. In the EFL classroom, the use of monological speech tasks, such as presentations, speeches, and storytelling, promotes deeper language processing and enables learners to practice language production without immediate feedback from others.

Borders play a key role in shaping political geography and sociocultural interactions. Historically, borders were viewed as physical barriers protecting territorial sovereignty and national interests. However, under the conditions of globalization and changing perceptions of territoriality, borders have transformed into dynamic zones of interaction, where cultural, economic, and political processes intersect. Modern approaches to the study of borders, as demonstrated in the works of Robert Sack and David Newman, emphasize their social construction, which influences the formation of identity and international relations. This paper analyzes the evolution of border concepts and their role in cross-border interactions, with a focus on their significance in the face of global challenges such as migration and integration.

в тезисе рассматриваются изменения в сфере малого бизнеса в Узбекистане за последние годы. Обсуждается значение маркетинга в развитии бизнеса. Подчеркивается необходимость интеграции стратегий для достижения устойчивого роста, а также ключевые направления для будущего развития сектора.

The comparative historical method is a way of studying and explaining various phenomena, in which, based on the establishment of similarities between these phenomena in form, a conclusion is made about their genetic relationship, i.e. about their common origin. The peculiarity of the comparative historical method used in the study of cultural phenomena is that its starting point is the restoration and comparison of the most ancient elements common to various areas of material culture and knowledge.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is currently defined as a disease characterized by hyperglycemia, first detected during pregnancy. Hyperglycemia is one of the most common conditions that women face during pregnancy. The diet must be based on the list of permitted foods. A well-chosen diet and sufficient physical activity help prevent the development of complications of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Ўткир ости склерозлашган панэнцефалит (ЎОСП) — бу болалар ва ёшларни асосан зарарлайдиган жуда кам учрайдиган, лекин ўта хавфли бўлган нейродегенератив касалликдир. Бу касаллик қизамиқ вируси билан боғлиқ инфекциянинг узоқ муддатли асорати сифатида ривожланади. Бошқа нейродегенератив касалликларга қараганда, ЎОСПнинг ўзининг аниқ патофизиологияси бор. Қизамиқ вируси мутант шакли билан касалланганида, у марказий нерв тизимида (МНТ) узоқ вақт давомида сақланиб қолади, бу эса мия тўқимасида яллиғланиш, демиелинизация ва чандиқланишга олиб келади. Бу жараёнлар туфайли беморларда оғир когнитив, мотор ва хулқ-атвор бузилишлари ривожланади. Касаллик жуда секин ривожланиб, бир неча йиллар давомида миянинг оғир зарарланишларига сабаб бўлади, бу эса ниҳоят ўлим билан якунланади.

Radiatsiya (lot. radiation-nurlanish) – yadroviy o‘zgarishlar oqibatida  vujudga keladigan elektromagnit va korpuskulyar nurlanishlar, quyosh nurlanishi,  kosmik nurlar oqimlari. Radiatsiyaning tirik organizmga ta’siri radiatsiya dozasi  bilan belgilanadi va u rentgen (r) bilan o‘lchanadi. Radiatsiya miqdori singuvchi  radiatsiya va boshqa radioaktiv nurlanishlarning shikastlovchi ta’siriga bog‘liq.  Bir kunda 20 r gacha radiatsiya kishi organizmi uchun xavfsiz doza hisoblanadi.  Bundan ortiq miqdordagi radiatsiya organizmdagi to‘qimalarni shikastlab, kishini  nurlanish kasalligiga mubtalo qiladi. Radiatsiya dozasi dozimetrik asboblar  yordamida o‘lchanadi. Radioaktiv modda (nurlar, neytronlar va b.)  va boshqa ionlovchi nurlanish manba (rentgen qurilma)lari bilan ishlaganda, ularning zararlovchi dozasini xavfsiz nurlanish dozasigacha kamaytirish uchun  tadbirlar kompleksi ishlab chiqilgan.

In recent years, complications caused by these restrictions to organ transplantation have forced hundreds of people to fly to other nations such as Turkey, India, or Israel for this process, where they have encountered some more serious issues. This demonstrates the gravity of the situation. Not only are the challenges of organ transplantation in the country addressed in this book, but a variety of remedies are presented to alleviate these problems, and legislative papers are studied and assessed.