Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
In depth description of two organizational structures
Abdurashid YAKUBOV
Millat Umidi University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2024
Received in revised form
10 September 2024
Accepted 25 September 2024
Available online
25 October 2024
The conceptualization of organizational structure is a
manifestation of systematic thinking. An organization is
composed of elements, the relationships between those
elements, and a structure that unifies them into a cohesive whole.
Structure represents a complex combination of relationships
among organizational elements, forming the guiding philosophy
for organizational activity. A systematic perspective on structure
reveals that it consists of both rigid (hard) elements and flexible
(soft) elements. A review of the literature examines structural
relationships from various perspectives.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss4
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
organization,
structure,
system,
team-based organizational
structure,
network structure.
Ikki tashkilot tuzilmasining batafsil tavsifi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
tashkilot,
tuzilma,
tizim,
qo'mondonlik tashkiliy
tuzilma,
tarmoq tuzilishi.
Tashkiliy tuzilmaning kontseptsiyasi tizimli fikrning namoyon
bo'lishidir. Tashkilot elementlardan, elementlar o'rtasidagi
munosabatlardan va birlikni tashkil etuvchi umumiylik sifatida
tuzilishdan iborat. Tuzilish - bu tashkilot faoliyatining mavjudlik
falsafasini tashkil etuvchi tashkiliy elementlar o'rtasidagi
munosabatlarning yuqori kombinatsiyasi. Tashkilotning tuzilishga
tizimli ko'rinishi shuni ko'rsatadiki, struktura bir tomondan qattiq
elementlardan, ikkinchi tomondan yumshoq elementlardan iborat.
Adabiyotlar tahlili tuzilmaviy munosabatlarga turli jihatlardan
qaraydi.
1
Teacher, Millat Umidi university
2
Student, Millat Umidi University
3
Student, Millat Umidi University
4
Student, Millat Umidi University
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
7
Подробное описание двух организационных структур
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
организация,
структура,
система,
командная
организационная
структура,
сетевая структура
.
Концептуализация организационной структуры является
проявлением системного мышления. Организация состоит
из элементов, отношений между ними и структуры как
общности, формирующей единое целое. Структура –
это
совокупность взаимосвязей между организационными
элементами, которая отражает философию существования
организационной деятельности. Системный подход к
структуре показывает, что она включает жесткие и мягкие
элементы. В обзоре литературы структурные отношения
рассматриваются с различных точек зрения.
INTRODUCTION
Organizational structure refers to a formal system of duties and reporting
relationships that motivates, controls, coordinates, and motivates employees to work
together to achieve organizational goals. The main elements defining the organizational
structure are the following:
Division of labor is the division of labor into specific jobs or tasks. This includes
specialization and departments.
Departmentalization - Grouping jobs into departments based on overall function
(eg, marketing department) or customer/target group served (eg, business development
department).
Chain of command - lines of authority that show who reports to whom and the
organizational hierarchy. This shows the management hierarchy and levels.
The number of direct reports that a manager can efficiently oversee is known as
their span of control. A wider span means fewer layers of management.
Where decision-making power is located within an organization is referred to as
centralization or decentralization. Whereas decentralized structures disperse power,
centralized structures concentrate it.
Formalization - The extent to which rules, procedures, instructions, and
communications are written down. Higher formalization means more rules and standards.
Organizational structure defines how all these elements are integrated to optimize
performance and achieve company goals. The right types of organizational structure
depend on factors such as size, strategy, industry, and leadership style.
LITERATURE REVIEWS
In writing this article, resources that provide open-access information and
theoretical insights into organizational structure and its functioning were utilized.
Using the example of the book [1 Johatch, M. 2014], the information was based on
key theories, and classical and modern methods of organizational structure, this resource
helped to study this topic more deeply and extract some insights
And from the publication [2 Rabbinz, S. 2012] we delved into the study of the
evaluation method, leadership, as well as one of the equally important is the assessment of
effectiveness, since the assessment of effectiveness is one of the most decisive topics in this
area
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
8
RESEARCH METHODS
In our approach to studying and forming an opinion on this topic, we employed both
primary and secondary research methods. Primary research was conducted because it
provides relevant, up-to-date data, detailed examples, and a deeper understanding of the
topic
—
in our case, organizational structure. Primary research offers unique insights into
the practical applications and effectiveness of organizational structures in real-life
contexts. Meanwhile, secondary research, which builds on existing studies and data,
allowed us to understand established methods and utilize information drawn from
previous publications. Overall, primary research proved particularly insightful for this
article, as it describes real-life practices in successful, actively functioning organizational
structures.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
There are several types of organizational structures in the business world that are
used widely and are the most proven effective. Among these different organizational
structures, some structures focus power upwards, while others distribute it down the
ranks. Some settings prefer flexibility, while others optimize control. Let's look at two
widely used types of organizational structure in business:
TEAM BASED ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
A team-based organizational structure This work is organized primarily around
teams rather than individual job roles or traditional departments.
Teams are formed by bringing together employees from different functional areas
or departments to work on a specific project or goal. They focus on common goals and
outcomes rather than individual goals. Success or failure is a collective effort. It breaks
down silos.
They are self-directed, which means they have a great deal of independence and are
able to oversee their own work procedures with minimal management oversight. Without
the consent of superiors, teams are responsible for planning, assigning, budgeting,
processes, and resources.
There is less vertical hierarchy and more horizontal coordination and
communication between teams. Some team members may change as projects and
priorities change. Employees can be part of several teams at the same time.
This organizational structure is widely used as sub-structural parts of the bigger
organizations.
It is mainly used in companies which have several products and services, such as IT-
companies, factories, consulting agencies and other companies that are not specialized in
mono-products.
EXAMPLE
We gathered some information by interviewing a representative of a well-known
holding in Uzbekistan called “SMART GROUP”. It was arranged by reaching out to the
contact centers of the mentioned organization, which resulted in a personal interview with
the
currently working assistant of the owner of “SMART GROUP” holding Sanjar
Makhsudov.
“SMART GROUP” holding at the moment of writing this paper includes 5 restaurants
(Steam, Brasil, Tandiry, Turka Saray and RybaLOVE) 1 factory, an exhibition (Zira Fest) 1
warehouse and a potent to the IT-product designed for HORECA (hotels, restaurants and
catering). The structure of this holding contains HR, Finance, Treasure, Maintenance, IT,
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
9
Events,
Operational,
Legal,
Sales
and
Marketing
departments.
Each of mentioned above departments have their own unique working structures, for
example: HR Department includes HR Director, Assistant of HR Director and Recruiter.
The topic that we discussed with the guest and wanted to expand upon is how they
manage their low line workers such as waiters. In the restaurant "Steam"
for example, each
waiter is given their own part of the tables and seats that they manage and are fully
responsible for. There is no such thing as fixed salary and waiter’s check is completely
dependent on the quality of their management of responsible area of operation. This
provides better coorelation between worker's work input to their salary, and of course the
quality of the service in the restaurant. It shows that by creating a managable area of
operation, and making a direct connection between waiter's work input and their salary
through the percentage system instead of fixed payments, the quality of service in the
restaurant keeps high standards persistently and without the hassle and issues that might
arise in different organizational structures. We have more useful information from the
interview that we will share in future paper releases and publishes regarding HORECA
business.
NETWORK STRUCTURE
A network structure implies a model based on flexible, project-based teams rather
than rigid departments or job roles in organizational design. Teams are formed on a
project-by-project basis and combine different skills and roles as needed. Teams disband
after projects are completed.
There are no hard-line managers, instead, several team leaders share responsibility.
Authority is allocated based on roles and areas of expertise.
Information flows laterally through interconnected teams rather than a top-down
hierarchy.
Job roles are dynamic and defined based on skills/knowledge contribution rather
than fixed job titles. Organizational design can flexibly change based on evolving strategies
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
10
and projects without being constrained by fixed roles. Individual contributions are
evaluated based on collaborative success rather than individual performance.
EXAMPLE
As an example, we want to deconstruct and study the network structure of a very
popular fashion wear company “ZARA”. It's facilities do not produce completed products.
Instead, it gathers parts of the product from suppliers, then building final product that gets
marketed to the targeted clients. They put a special focus on outsourcing by dealing
subcontracts which are governed by their standard rules. This acts like a shortcut and has
it is own advantages and disadvantages, one of them being that Zara might be heavily
dependent on each supplier and/or contractor that puts them in a position of lesser control
of the supply chain. The company puts a lot of efforts into maintaining and improving their
relationships with these suppliers. From this we can learn about the advantages of such
structure.
Advantages of networking organizational structure:
1. Open communication: It gives opportunity for comfort interactions between the
employees and coworkers. It establishes friendly atmosphere and feeling of unity.
2. Employees are open to organizational change and are less likely to feel
emotionally attached to certain procedures and hierarchies. This may make organizational
change easier to implement.
3. Adaptability and versatility: Team members don't have to worry about the
constraints of a hierarchical organizational structure while transitioning freely from one
project to the next.
THREE KEY FACTORS IN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
1. Leadership and it's types in the organizational structures
Leadership and it is required skillsets and protocols are very much underrated in
today’s societal and economical structures. There are 2 types of leadership structures:
transactional and transformational.
1) Transactional leadership focuses on setting goal marks and desired outcomes to
the entirety of the team of the organization.
2) Transformational leadership, is used to set other people on subject’s way of
thinking and creating an agreement on sets of goals and points of view on appropriate to
the organization’s themes.
One of the best ways to motivate individuals and teams at work is to lead by
example. Employees shouldn't be asked to finish tasks that their management isn't able to
perform. It should be a leader who makes it obvious that staying late at work is acceptable.
Managers and other leaders need to show their employees that they are on an equal
ground with them in the workplace in order to boost transparent communication,
straightforwardness and productivity. Management of the companies must have a proper
awareness of the needs and desires of the workers in their industry if they want to increase
employee performance. Managers should be focused on developments in the industry and
worker expectations.
Leaders must make and retain the best personnel to maximize production and
effectiveness at all levels [8]. The effectiveness of the leadership process is directly
dependent on the leader's capacity to passionately lead the working team while noticing
and relinquishing the unique needs of each team member.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
11
The correct leadership style helps the organization achieve its existing goals in a
more expedited way by ensuring that employees have the resources they need to do their
work and by linking job performance to desired outcomes. Employee participation in
organizational decision-making is motivated by democratic leadership styles. The very
important factor of the theme is team working, it helps keep and grow competitive
advantage in the marketplace and in this, managers have an important role.
2. Impact of the work environment on organization’s integrity
A positive workplace increases employee satisfaction and loyalty, whereas a bad one
might lead to so called ‘leaks’ in the system, which impair every aspect of the structure like
member interaction and etc. Also, an ideal workplace boosts employee happiness, which
then boosts their level of motivation, comfort, and creativity. The teams inside experience
is driven by this sense of well-being, which promotes good actions, such as boosting
communication between teammates, developing personal relationships, and encouraging
collaboration. It has been revealed that open communication and feedback on both
strengths and weaknesses are descriptors of high-performing teams. A happy working
environment and the cooperative mood have a positive impact on the output quality of
teamwork through both the human interaction and personal workflow processes.
3. Human Resources
It is almost impossible for a business to cultivate internal competition without
proper investments into its human capital.
Employees are one of the most important aspects of building a successful company,
as every living cell of the organism has an important role on keeping the div alive,
employees are what is keeping companies up and running. A skillful and professional HR
management plays crucial role in means of competitive advantage or disadvantage; it is
already acknowledged in most of organizations globally. The nuance of Human Recourses
specialty is that there is never a thing like a fixated correct set of skills and instructions
that are sufficient for every company. The quality of management is variable and depended
on many and many factors like geopolitical status, national traditions and believes, cultural
phenomenon and unspoken laws of society in the parts and/or whole countries these
companies reside and operate in/from.
In conclusion, an organization's performance is largely dependent on its human
resource management strategies. In order to influence organizational performance, the
decision-makers of the company must prioritize the creation of efficient human resource
management procedures.
RECOMMENDATIONS
We suggest that the teams in charge of organizational management and human
resources concentrate on activities related to a number of significant elements that
influence employee collaboration. Leadership, knowledge, human resource policies, and
the working environment of employees inside the business are all components of work
and organizational performance. As a result, company executives ought to concentrate on
encouraging teamwork among their staff. The organization's performance will increase in
the short and long term if operations are concentrated on these crucial elements.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
4 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
12
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR
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publications.
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oriented organizational architecture. Tehran. Shahid Beheshti University publications
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Chayomchai, Ampol. “A Study of Key Factors Affecting Teamwork and
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https://ahaslides.com/uz/blog/types-of-organizational-structure/
10.
https://remote.com/blog/types-organizational-structure
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https://whatfix.com/blog/organizational-structure/
