Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika–
Зарубежная лингвистика и
лингводидактика– Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
The vision of young translator on the process of
simultaneous interpretation
Anvar MIRZAKULOV
1
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received October 2024
Received in revised form
10 November 2024
Accepted 25 November 2024
Available online
25 December 2024
Young interpreters see simultaneous interpretation as the
culmination of their training. As young interpreters, in recent
years we have excited learning the ins and outs of simultaneous
interpreting and the challenges it can face. Indeed, once
consecutive interpreting has been fully mastered, simultaneous
interpreting training has provided young professionals with the
final technical skills needed to enter the job market. These skills
teach young interpreters to adapt to the environment during the
process of simultaneous interpretation, to use different
translation strategies appropriately.
2181-3701/© 2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss6
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
Simultaneous interpretation,
consecutive interpretation,
source language,
target language,
sight translation,
Whispered interpretation,
active vocabulary,
Listening proficiency,
probabilistic forecasting
strategy,
Foreign Language.
Yosh tarjimonning sinxron tarjima jarayoni haqidagi
qarashlari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
Sinxron tarjima,
ketma-ket tarjima,
manba tili,
tarjima tili,
hamroh tarjimon,
faol lug'at,
pichirlab tarjima qilish,
Tinglab tushunish
ko‘nikmasi,
prognozlash strategiyasi,
Xorijiy til.
Sinxron tarjimani yosh tarjimonlar o‘z mashg‘ulotlarining
kulminatsiyasi deb bilishadi. Yosh tarjimon sifatida so‘nggi
yillarda biz sinxron tarjimaning sir-sinoatlari va uchrashi
mumkin bo‘lgan qiyinchiliklarni o‘rganishdan zavqlandik.
Darhaqiqat, ketma-ket tarjima to‘liq o‘zlashtirilganidan keyin
Sinxron tarjimaning o‘qitilishi yosh mutaxassislarga mehnat
bozoriga kirish uchun zarur bo‘lgan yakuniy texnik
ko‘nikmalarni berdi. Bu ko‘nikmalar yosh tarjimonlarga sinxron
tarjima jarayonida muhitga moslashish, turli xil tarjima
strategiyalaridan munosib foydalanishni o‘rgatadi.
1
Teacher, Department of Translation Theory and Practice. Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika– Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика– Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue –6 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
14
Видение
молодого
переводчика
о
процессе
синхронного перевода
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
синхронный перевод,
последовательный
перевод,
исходный язык,
язык перевода,
переводчик-
сопровождающий,
активный словарный
запас,
шепотная интерпретация,
компетентность
понимания на слух,
стратегия
прогнозирования,
иностранный язык.
Молодые переводчики рассматривают синхронный
перевод как кульминацию своего обучения. Будучи
молодыми переводчиками, в последние годы мы с
энтузиазмом изучаем все тонкости синхронного перевода и
проблемы,
с
которыми
он
может
столкнуться.
Действительно, как только последовательный перевод
будет полностью освоен, обучение синхронному переводу
предоставит молодым специалистам окончательные
технические навыки, необходимые для выхода на рынок
труда. Эти навыки учат молодых переводчиков
адаптироваться к окружающей среде в процессе
синхронного перевода, правильно использовать различные
стратегии перевода.
INTRODUCTION
The transition from consecutive to simultaneous is a sensitive and critical one. In
consecutive, the cognitive load during target-speech production is low, because the
interpreter paces him/herself, and attention need not be shared on operations other than
note-reading, which partly interferes with, but partly helps speech production. In
simultaneous, target-speech production is paced by the rate of delivery of the source
speech, and the presence in the interpreters' working memory of both languages increases
cognitive load [2, 46].
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
As soon as signs of such weaknesses surface, it is desirable to take the students
through intensive exercises in consecutive to put them back on the right track. At some
time during the second half of this last stage of interpreter training, exercises in
'simultaneous interpreting with text' are introduced: the speaker is reading a text and the
interpreter has a copy in the booth. This type of exercise is relevant insofar as it
corresponds to a frequent situation in professional life. It is introduced late in the syllabus
because it is associated with an additional difficulty, due to the combined use of the source
speech as it is heard and the written text: speakers often read faster than they speak
normally, without hesitation pauses, and interpreters are tempted to use the text rather
than the speech as a basis for reformulation, which entails the risk of lagging even further
behind and of missing the speaker's improvised deviations from the text [1, 170].
Simultaneous with text is distinct from sight translation, which was also taught to student
interpreters, and consists in reading aloud a source-language text in the target language.
In sight translation, the translation operation is not paced by a speaker, which, at first sight,
seems to make the cognitive load lower than in interpreting. This leads some trainers to
consider that it could be taught early in the syllabus. The problem is that in sight
translation, students see the source-language text while they translate it, hence the
temptation to translate word-for-word, which goes against the fundamental
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika– Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика– Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue –6 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
15
comprehension-reformulation approach which they are taught. It is better to teach sight
translation at the same time as simultaneous interpreting, once consecutive has been
mastered. To reduce further the risk of word-for-word translation, students can be given
the text for advance preparation, and be required to be very fast in their reformulation
phase. This should help induce meaning-based rather than form-based translation [3, 390].
As a young interpreter I felt that we are able to learn bunches of strategies and particular
approaches in the sphere of oral translation. However, we ought to have a risk to use these
strategies in practice due to reach sufficient simultaneous interpreting proficiency. I began
my own experience in oral translation with consecutive interpreting and subsequently
made an afford to participate in conference as an interpreter. After every conference or
meeting I used to analyze myself, what mistakes I made or how I could utilize the strategies
I had learnt.
For simultaneous interpreter, it is also important to save the energy and keep the
balance on concentration during interpretation. Otherwise, the interpreter can be really
exhausted and make some mistakes in translating simple words or expressions on serious
and essential occasions. In particular, when I took part in the conference with mayor of
Samarkand region and ambassador of Israel, I did consecutive interpretation from Uzbek
into English and from English into Uzbek, In this situation I accomplished the task well
enough but almost at the end of the conference Mayor suddenly wanted to describe the
painting of great ancient Uzbek scientists, writers, poets and rulers. At that time, I could
not find for some moments the translation of Uzbek word “asoschi-founder” and English
word “tolerance-bag‘rikenglik”. In another 68 conference I did simultaneous
interpretation through zoom platform from Russian into English. In this time, it was hard
to follow the speaker because she spoke so fast and some terms were difficult to translate.
For instance, a textile term “viscose” is nearly the same in Russian “вискоз” and distracted
me that I searched English translation of this word to make sure. From perspectives, In
order to stay away from these kinds of awkward situations an interpreter should be aware
of the followings.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
Advanced active vocabulary in terms of several occupations. Listening proficiency
of divers accents because you mostly come across different accents in international
conference. Always try to have the plan of conference and speeches before the occasion it
helps you to adopt the sphere, besides you can find unfamiliar words and expressions in
advance. Try to use probabilistic forecasting strategy, it prevents you from being so much
tired and lose control during the process of interpretation. As soon as signs of such
weaknesses surface, it is desirable to take the interpreters through intensive exercises in
consecutive and simultaneous interpretation to put them back on appropriate form. A
simultaneous interpreter in the process of realizing a real translation does not use any one
strategy separately. In the course of the implementation of the SP, there is a “synchronous”
application of translation strategies, when in the course of the transfer of oral discourse
from the FL to the TL, several strategies are used simultaneously.
In cases where extralinguistic factors have a greater influence on the translation of
individual semantic groups on the SI, these semantic groups are translated into TL, based
on the following recommendations. The simultaneous interpreter does not translate the
audio information received at the input, but the communicative intention of the speaker,
not voiced by the latter, but contained in this segment of speech [3, 390]. The synchronicist
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika– Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика– Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue –6 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
16
finishes the speaker's thought expressed in this segment, even if there is no such
conclusion in the FL. Completeness of thought (segment) in TL makes the translation text
complete. The final elements of the speaker's thoughts on the TL are the later elements of
the discourse. [5, 112]. In this work, an attempt was made to scientifically substantiate a
number of theories existing in simultaneous translation and, on their basis, to deduce SP
strategies that a simultaneous interpreter can use to achieve the assigned tasks. The
novelty of this translation research lies primarily in the fact that for the first time it
attempts to develop a model of a JV based on translation strategies. The paper describes
the strategies of the joint venture and gives practical recommendations on how to apply a
certain strategy or several strategies, depending on the specific situation. Such an
approach to the study of translation problems of joint ventures makes the picture of the
synchronicity process more global, which makes it possible to see these problems in
general and in particular, as well as to analyze errors and the reasons for their occurrence
[6, 184]. The work investigated the strategies that are used in the joint venture. The
concept of “strategy” or “strategy” is understood as a linguistic and extralinguistic
construct, that is, a set of methods and techniques used by a simultaneous interpreter to
achieve the greatest adequacy and equivalence in the joint venture. Without a doubt, any
simultaneous interpreter uses a certain strategy throughout the translation of a specific
segment. The strategy can change depending on linguistic and extralinguistic factors that
have a direct impact on the translator's choice of strategy. As a rule, during the
interpretation, the simultaneous interpreter uses several strategies, which he changes
depending on the situation. In some cases, the change in strategy occurs suddenly, when it
is obvious to the translator that the chosen strategy will not initially lead to the
achievement of the set goal. Methods for choosing and changing strategies are detailed in
this translation study. As a result of this work, the following conclusions can be drawn.
1. When carrying out simultaneous interpretation, the simultaneous interpreter
uses a certain strategy or strategies to achieve the most complete adequacy in the
translation process and equivalence as the final result between the oral discourses of the
SL and the TL. At the same time, joint venture strategies are divided 71 into two main
types: strategies related to the time factor and strategies of a static type.
2. The choice of strategy depends on specific linguistic and extra-linguistic factors.
3. In some cases, for various reasons, extra-linguistic factors can have a more
significant influence on the choice of strategy and, as a result, on the final version of the
translation than factors of a purely linguistic nature.
4. In simultaneous translation, there is a clear tendency towards rationalization and
simplification of the language structure in the TL at a fast pace of presentation of the
material by the speaker, in connection with which the compression strategies and the
linearity strategy are increasingly being used.
5. The loss of meaning in the LP is compensated for by pragmatic compensation at
the stage of discourse reproduction on the TL, so that the meaning that is expressed in the
FL using lexical means or word order can be restored on the TL in case of loss using local
means.
6. Each simultaneous interpreter may find himself in a situation where a certain
segment of the text or any term has been incomprehensible for various reasons. In such a
case, it is possible to use a trial and error strategy, a waiting strategy or a signed translation
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika– Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика– Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue –6 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
17
strategy. The choice of strategy and its change depend on the specific factors prevailing in
a given situation.
7. Compensation is often achieved through the use of a broader context in the TL
than in the SL. This expansion of the referential value is the result of the decompression
strategy.
8. Late elements of the SI can lead to stylistic errors and imprecise transmission of
meaning. One way to avoid this kind of decompression is to take a longer lag between the
translator and the speaker.
9. The compression strategy in simultaneous translation leads to gain in time,
enables the simultaneous interpreter to express ideas in a more idiomatic way and to avoid
possible mistakes, especially when translating into a foreign language.
10. The waiting strategy is often used by synchronists at the beginning of a group of
meaning. It is used to obtain a broader context, which is the key to the correct construction
of a phrase in TL.
11. The possibility of applying the probabilistic forecasting strategy strategy is due
to redundancy of speech. The higher the redundancy of the speech act, the more likely it is
that the PF will be applied successfully. Conversely, with less redundant texts, the PF as a
strategy will be less effective. Redundancy includes two components - the repeatability
and interconnection of the message components.
12. PF can be linguistic and extra-linguistic.
13. With linguistic forecasting, the probability of combining a number of words can
be so great that a simultaneous interpreter will be able to give almost one hundred percent
forecast regarding the completion of the structure of the utterance.
14. Extra-linguistic PF is carried out due to the background knowledge of the
simultaneous interpreter and the presence of a formal indicator that allows the
simultaneous interpreter to “guess” the phrase.
15. The strategy of symbolic translation is used in situations where the translator,
despite the wide context, is not able to find an equivalent in TL and use the strategy of trial
and error. Consequently, FP is allowed only in the most extreme cases.
16. The use of CS is due to the subject situation and linguistic redundancy, which
makes it possible to more accurately and concisely express the communicative intention
of the sender to the TL. In such a case, compression can be achieved by omitting redundant
elements of the utterance, which are replenished from the context and extra-linguistic
situation.
17. DS can be applied for purely stylistic reasons, when it is impossible to express a
certain concept in the TL by the same linguistic means as in the IL.
18. DS is used in the joint venture as a compensation strategy when obvious
losses are detected in the translation, which the simultaneous interpreter tries to
compensate in order to minimize them [8].
CONCLUSION
The vision of young translators on the process of simultaneous interpretation
highlights the dual nature of this profession: it is both intellectually challenging and deeply
rewarding. As emerging interpreters navigate the demands of real-time communication,
they grapple with linguistic precision, cultural nuance, and cognitive multitasking. While
the challenges are significant—ranging from stress and fatigue to mastering complex
terminology—advancements in technology and targeted training strategies offer valuable
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika– Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика– Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue –6 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
18
support. Preparation, collaboration, and lifelong learning are key to overcoming obstacles
and achieving professional growth. By embracing these approaches, young interpreters
can enhance their skills, foster global understanding, and contribute to the evolving
landscape of cross-cultural communication. As the demand for simultaneous
interpretation grows in our interconnected world, empowering young translators remains
crucial for ensuring seamless and meaningful exchanges across languages and cultures.
REFERENCES:
1. Mary Snell-Hornby. Translation studies. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, Benjamins
Publishing Company, 1995. P. 170.
2. Setton, R. A Pragmatic Theory of Simultaneous Interpretation / doctoral
dissertation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1997.-46 p.
3. Shennon C. and Weaver W. The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana:
Univ. of Illinois Press, 1949.-390 p
4. Snelling, D. Strategies for Simultaneous Interpreting, Camponotto Editore, Udine,
1992.-54-67 p.
5. Wills, W. The Science of Translation. Problems and Methods. Tubingen: Gunter
Narr, 1982. 102-156 p.
6. Бархударов Л.С Язык и перевод.- Москва: Международные отношения,
1975.-184 с.
7. Виссон. Л. Синхронный перевод с русского на английский. - M.: Р. Валент,
1999. -65-100 c.
8. A Dictionary of American Idioms / Edited by Adam Makkai. New York: Barron’s,
1987.
9. Hands. Yu.D. Apresyan. New BARS / New Comprehensive English-Russian
Dictionary / Under the General - M.: Russian language, 1993.
10. Американа/Англо-русский лингвострановедческий словарь / Под.
редакцией Г.В. Чернова. - М.: Полиграмма, 1996.
11. Аслонов, Ш. (2024). The importance of Artificial Intelligence in the teaching of
translation theory and practice. Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика, 2(5), 50-
53.
12. Kholikov, B. (2020). PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN THE LITERARY PICTURE OF
THE WORLD (ON EXAMPLES DETECTIVE NOVELS). In МИССИЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ
«ФЕНОМЕН ПАТРИОТИЗМА В ТРАНССТРУКТУРНОМ КОММУНИКАЦИОННОМ ПОЛЕ»
(p. 157).
