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SYNTACTICAL CONNECTION OF WORDS
Gulchexra Holikulova
Assistant teacher, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
Annotation:
In this article, we will talk about the predicative relation, the object relation, the
case relation, and the attributive relation. The article analyzes whether the connecting links of
the subordinate and ruling parts change the types of relations.
Key words:
predicative relation, object relation, case relation, attributive relation.
In the grammatical section of linguistics, the term connection is widely used. It is mainly
seen in cases where words and word forms are connected to each other in form, and in content,
a word or sentence.
Connections can take different forms depending on their specific characteristics. In
particular, syntactic connection includes types such as semantic, structural or connected, free
connection. In this section, we will focus on syntactic connection. In connection, we mainly
refer to formal means (including intonation) that serve to introduce into communication.
In our Uzbek linguistics, the relations between words that enter into syntactic
communication in the section of syntax are being widely organized. First of all, syntactic
communication and syntactic relation are different from each other. We need to touch on the
grammatical means that connect the subordinate and dominant parts in word combinations. If
we take the conjunctions as the means that connect the subordinate word to the dominant word
in word combinations, they are connected by the same grammatical means. As we said above,
in the example of conjunctions between subordinate and dominant parts, we see: institutdan
qaytdi, shahardan qaytdi, ukasidan oldi, ustozdan so
radi, kitobdan ko
chirdi, kasalligidan
kelmadi, ertalabdan keldi, yozdan beri kelyapti. We will analyze these examples below. In the
word combinations in the examples given here, the case "chiqish" serves to connect the subject
and the dominant part. If we analyze it from the syntactic perspective, in the combinations
"institutdan va shahardan qaytdi" the words "shahardan" function as the case of the subject, in
the combinations "akasidan" and "ustozidan" the words "from the brother" and "from the
teacher" function as the complement, in the combination "from the brother" and "from the
teacher" the words "from the teacher" function as the case of the subject, in the combination
"from the disease" and "from the disease" the word "from the disease" functions as the case of
the subject, in the combinations "from the morning" and "from the summer" the words "from
the morning" and "from the summer" function as the case of the subject. Based on these
analyses, the means of forming subordination and dominance between words that enter into
syntactic relations, even though they are expressed in the same form, perform different
functions in the syntactic relationship. For example, they perform the function of complement,
case, tense, and causative.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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The most important relations between words that enter into syntactic relations are the
following:
1. Predicative relation. In this case, the possessive word enters into a syntactic relationship
with the participle word. The possessive word agrees with the participle in person and number
using grammatical means. For example, biz bordik, talabalar kelishdi, men ko
rdim, u tingladi.
2. Object relationship. In this case, the complementizer is connected to the word that acts as
the complementizer. The complementizer and the complement enter into syntactic relations
using inflections, conjunctions, adverbs, and auxiliary verbs. For example, kitobni o
qimoq, uni
chaqirmoq, daftarga yozmoq, onasiga aytmoq, opasidan so
ramoq, dugonasida ko
rmoq, ukasi
uchun olmoq, onasi bilan bormoq...
3. Relationship with modifier. This is where a word in the case function comes into contact
with a word in the conjugated function. In this process, case and conjugated form a syntactic
relationship using conjunctions, adverbs, conjunctions, and auxiliaries. For example, darsdan
qaytmoq, ko
chaga chiqmoq, yozda bormoq, yozdan beri o
qimoq, zavq bilan gapirmoq,
e
tibor bilan kuzatmoq ...
4. Attributive relation. A word in the function of a determiner is connected to a word in the
function of a defined. In this case, the determiner and the defined are connected to a syntactic
relationship using accusative case and intonation. For example, moviy osmon, toza havo, ko
m-
ko
k dala, mening hovlim, bizning darsxonamiz ...
It should be noted that in some cases, the means connecting the subordinate and dominant
parts change the above types of relations. For example, the auxiliary with, mainly creates an
object relation: to come with his brother, to go by car... there are cases when these means also
serve to create a conditional relation: qunt bilan o'qimoq, zavq bilan tinglamoq, etc.
When we touch on syntactic relations, of course, we must also express an opinion about
syntactic relations. In linguistics, it is also stated that syntactic relations and syntactic relations
are not the same concept, but one requires the other.
In the second volume of the two-volume academic edition of the Uzbek language grammar,
the following opinions are expressed about syntactic relations and syntactic relations, their
types: instead of the term syntactic relations, they use the term syntactic relations, or they use
these two terms interchangeably, without distinguishing them from each other. As a result, it
can be concluded that both of these terms reflect the same thing. It is true that syntactic
connection and syntactic relation are related to each other: where there is a syntactic connection,
there is also a syntactic relation. But this does not allow us to evaluate them as the same thing.
Any syntactic connection is different from a syntactic relation.
Syntactic connection, as we said above, means the grammatical connection of words in a
word combination and a sentence, and sentences in speech. Syntactic relation, on the other hand,
indicates the grammatical meaning and function in which words in a word combination and a
sentence, and sentences in speech are used in relation to each other.
B. Orinboev In the textbook of the current Uzbek literary language, syntactic relations are
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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page 111
expressed using: Syntactic relation and syntactic relations. Although syntactic relation and
syntactic relation are two sides of a phenomenon that require each other, both of them do not
necessarily correspond to each other due to their certain specificity. For example, some people
have the opinion that vocative and modal relations, which are part of syntactic relations, do not
belong to syntactic relations [5; 86-b].
Therefore, when determining the type of syntactic relations, the necessary factors that we
pay attention to, along with the means that connect words, should also be taken into account the
lexical-semantic properties of the elements that enter into the connection.
References:
1. G
ulomov A., Asqarova M. Hozirgi o
zbek adabiy tili. Sintaksis. Toshkent, 1987.
2. Berdialiyev A. O
zbek tili ergash gapli qo
shma gaplarida sintaktik aloqa va sintaktik
munosabatlar. Toshkent, 1992.
3. Mahmudov N., Nurmonov A. O
zbek tilining nazariy grammatikasi. Toshkent, 1995, 21-
bet.
4. O
rinboyev B., Hozirgi o
zbek adabiy tili so
z birikmasi va sodda gap sintaksisidan
leksiyalar. Toshkent, 1990, 86-bet.
5. Nurmonov A. Va boshqalar. O
zbek tilining mazmuniy sintaksisi. Toshkent, 1992, 94-bet.
