INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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NAVAI AND DANTE: IDEALS OF HUMANITY IN "KHAMSA" AND "DIVINE COMEDY"
Qodirova Sevinchoy Azim qizi
Urgench Ranch Technological University
Annotation:
This scientific article provides a comparative analysis of the universal ideas of
humanity expressed in the works of Alisher Navoi's "Khamsa" and Dante Alighieri's "Divine
Comedy" - such themes as spiritual quest, justice, love, and the pursuit of divine truth. The
study examines the artistic style, symbolism, and philosophical views in the works of these two
great representatives of Eastern and Western cultures, as well as their significance for modern
humanity
Keywords:
Alisher Navoi, Dante Alighieri, "Khamsa", "Divine Comedy", Comparative
Literature, Sufism and Divine Love, Spiritual Perfection, Hell, Purgatory, Paradise
In literary studies, the interaction and comparative studies of Eastern and Western cultures are
of great importance. In this regard, the analysis of universal human values in the works of
Alisher Navoi (1441-1501), a prominent figure in 15th-century Turkish literature, and Dante
Alighieri (1265-1321), a great representative of 14th-century Italian literature, is of particular
importance. Both thinkers created the greatest artistic and philosophical legacies of their time,
and Navoi's "Khamsa" and Dante's "Divine Comedy" emdiv such eternal themes as
humanity's spiritual quest, the pursuit of moral ideals and divine truth.
Although much research has been conducted on these works in the pre-modern period,
their comparative analysis is a relatively new and promising direction. It is a necessary
scientific issue to deeply study the common aspects in the works of Navoi and
Dante, as well as the differences that arise due to the cultural context.
The main purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the ideas of
humanity in the works "Khamsa" and "Divine Comedy", as well as to identify similarities and
differences in their artistic style, symbolism and philosophical views. The research uses general
scientific and philological analysis methods based on the methodology of
comparative literary studies.
The works of Alisher Navoi (1441-1501) and Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), the greatest
representatives of Eastern and Western cultures, widely illuminate the eternal problems of
humanity - spiritual quest, moral perfection, and the pursuit of divine truth. Navoi's "Khamsa"
(consisting
of
five
epics)
and
Dante's
"Divine
Comedy"
are
unique
legacies that express the philosophical and artistic values of their times.
In "Khamsa", Navoi shows the path to human perfection through five epics:
1. "Khairat ul-abror" – the search for justice and wisdom
2. "Farhod and Shirin" – pure love and devotion
3. "Leyli and Majnun" – the pursuit of divine love"
"Saba'ai Sayyor" – moral education and wisdom
"Saddi Iskandari" – the search for the ideal ruler
In Dante's "Divine Comedy," the path of the human soul's purification from sin and
achievement of perfection is described in three stages:
1."Duzox" – gunoh va jazolanish
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2.
"Poklanish" – tavba va tozalanish
3.
"Jannat" - ilohiy haqiqatga yetish
In both works, the spiritual quest of man occupies a central place. Navoi's works reflect the
ideas of human perfection developed under the influence of Sufism, while Dante's works reflect
the concept of spiritual purification in the Christian tradition. However, both authors aimed at
the moral and spiritual perfection of man as their ultimate goal.
"Khamsa": A guide for spiritual quests:
It offers Sufi ideals (love, patience, selflessness) to
fill the spiritual void of modern man. For example, the romance "Layla and Majnun" helps
today's youth understand the meaning of true love.
"The Divine Comedy":
Offers the concept of "spiritual purification" for those seeking
guidance in times of psychological distress (e.g., during social isolation following the COVID-
19 pandemic).Global madaniyatlar dialogi:
"Khamsa": UNESCO's declaration of 2021 as the Year of Navoi spoke of the modernity
of Eastern ideas. "Divine Comedy": Global events marking Dante's 700th anniversary in
2020 brought Western and Eastern cultures closer together.
Importance in the education system:
"Khamsa": Taught in Uzbek schools in "Literature
Studies" classes as a source of national pride. "Divine Comedy": One of the main sources
in Harvard University's "Modern Humanities" program.
Influence on political philosophy:
"Khamsa": The ideas of a just ruler in "Saddi Iskandari" are
being applied in modern Uzbek reforms. "Divine Comedy": Influenced the
unified value system of the European Union.
In gender studies:
"Khamsa": Female characters such as Shirin and Layla are discussed in
modern feminist studies. "Divine Comedy": The character of Beatrice shows the role
of women as spiritual leaders.
Ecological Thought:
"Khamsa": The ideas of nature conservation in "Khairat ul-Abrar" are interpreted as a solution
to today's ecological crisis. "Divine Comedy": The metaphors of purification in "Purification"
have become symbols for ecological movements.
Analysis
parameters
Navoi
"Khamsa"
Dante's "Divine Comedy"
Comparative analysis
Period of
creation
15th
century
(1493-1498)
14th century (1308-1321)
Both were created in the Middle
Ages, but in different cultural
contexts
Structure
of the work
5 independent
epics (in the
form
of
a
masnavi)
3 parts (Inferno, Purgatorio,
Paradiso)
"Khamsa" is a collection of
different stories, while "Divine
Comedy" is a single plot
Main
theme
Human
perfection,
divine
and
worldly love
The purification of the
human soul from sin
In both, the theme of spiritual
development plays an important
role
Artistic
style
Sufi symbolism,
traditions
of
Turkic poetry
Christian symbolism, terza
rima poetic meter
Stylistic differences between
Eastern and Western poetry
Main
Farhad, Majnun, Dante
(himself),
Virgil, In "Khamsa" each epic has a
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characters
Iskandar
Beatrice
separate hero, in "Divine
Comedy" the central hero
Influence
of religion
and
philosophy
Islamic Sufism. Christianity (doctrine and
philosophy)
In both works, the deep
influence
of
religious
philosophy is felt
Social
content
The idea of
a just ruler
Criticism
of
Florentine
political life
In "Khamsa" - an ideal society,
in "Divine Comedy" - a
criticism of the shortcomings of
society
Language
features
Chigatay Turkic
language
Italian language (Tuscan
dialect)
Both played an important role
in the formation of national
literary languages
Modern
influence
The foundation
of
Uzbek
culture
and
literature
A classic work of Western
literature
Both are being reinterpreted in
modern culture
Scientific
significance
The
central
object
of
Turkish literary
studies
The main object of study of
Western literary criticism
Both works have canonical
status within their culture
Both works are unique legacies that represent the philosophical and artistic achievements of
their time. Navoi's "Khamsa" is the pinnacle of Eastern mystical traditions, while Dante's
"Divine Comedy" is the most vivid example of Western philosophical poetry. Today, in the
context of globalization, their interaction and comparative study open up new possibilities for
intercultural dialogue. The main strength of the works is that they deeply approach the eternal
problems of humanity - such topics as spiritual quests, moral choices, and the pursuit of divine
truth. The ideas of human perfection expressed in "Khamsa" and the concept of spiritual
purification
in
"Divine
Comedy"
are
values
that
respond to the spiritual searches of modern man.
Although Navoi and Dante used different artistic means in their works, both of their
works achieved a high level of artistry. The oriental symbolism and figurative concepts in
"Khamsa" and the western systematicity and architectural metaphors in "Divine Comedy"
demonstrate the richness of the artistic heritage of humanity.
As a final thought, the comparative study of Navoi's "Khamsa" and Dante's "Divine
Comedy" is of great importance not only for literary studies, but also for philosophy, cultural
studies, psychology and other disciplines. These works are unique masterpieces of the spiritual
heritage of humanity, and by studying them we gain a deeper understanding not only of the past,
but also of the future. In modern conditions, their importance is growing, because they express
immutable truths about the eternal values of humanity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2028
REFERENCES USED:
1. Navoiy, A. (1991). Khamsa. Tashkent: Gafur Ghulom Publishing House of Literature and
Art.
2. Alighieri, D. (2014). Divine Comedy (trans. A. Ahmadjonov). Tashkent: Akademnashr. 3.
Karimov, N. (2018). Literary relations between the East and the West. Tashkent: Fan
Publishing House. 245 p.
4. Qodirov, M. (2019). Methods of comparative literary studies. Tashkent:
5. Yusupova, D. (2021). "Spiritual research in the works of Navoi and Dante". Oriental Studies,
No. 2, 34-41.
6. Abdullayeva, S. (2022). Moral ideal in "Khamsa" and "Divine Comedy". Philology.
Dissertation. Tashkent. 154 p."Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy: A Digital Edition"
(2023).
