INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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EVENTS OCCURRING DURING ARC DISCHARGE
Xashimov Xalimjon Xamidjanovich
PhD, docent,docent of Technological Machines and Equipment.
xoshimov1989@bk.ru. +998991710514
Annotation:
Arc discharge is a complex electrical phenomenon characterized by high-current
conduction through ionized gas. This article explores the key phenomena occurring during arc
discharge, including ionization, thermal and radiative emissions, electrode erosion, and plasma
formation. The study also examines the factors influencing arc stability and the transition
between different arc modes. Understanding these phenomena is crucial for applications in
welding, electrical circuit protection, and plasma-based technologies.
Keywords:
Arc discharge, ionization, plasma formation, electrode erosion, thermal emission,
electrical conductivity, arc stability, high-temperature phenomena, gas ionization.
Various materials electricity current various How does it work of the material
conductivity in it free , electric with charged particles electrons and ions to the amount and this
electricity charge carriers how speed with to move is related. Consequently , in the material
charge carriers how much many if and they how much mobile if the material resistance that
much less Gases ( this including air ) under normal conditions electricity what is it does not
transfer . reason that is , usually under the circumstances they charge non-transportable neutral
molecule and from atoms consists of will be. Their in the composition electrons , positive and
negative ions only when they electricity conductive will be.
In gases electrons , positive and negative ions to them electricity area , heat impact when
it does , gas through ultraviolet , x- ray and space rays when it passes, it is also radioactive
substances releasing rays when it falls appearance will be.
Electricity of the vine gases through to pass
electric gas. discharge
is called.
Electricity gas discharges two main to the group divided into: independent and independent not
been gas discharges.
Gas charge carriers external factors because of to the div arrival as a result observable
electricity vine
independent gas discharge
it is said;
If M and N electrodes between gas if we heat it or X-ray , ultraviolet rays with If we
irradiate , the gas molecules ionization happened Ionization
process essence from the
following consists of . External from factors received energy because of gas in the molecule one
or one how many electronic from the molecule separated The result is molecule positive charged
to the ion around remains . Separated came out of electrons one part neutral molecules with
together negative charged ions to the div brings . Therefore for gas ( ionization
to the
process cause was external factor ionizer ( ionizer ).
M and N electrodes between electricity field under the influence to the div arrived
charge carriers because of observable electricity vine
independent gas discharge
It is called. M
ustakil electricity gas in discharge electrons and ions external source without help harvest will be
( welding ) arc so discharge is considered ).
Independent gas discharges some types with Let's get acquainted.
1. Crown discharge . Discharge this type to the div when it arrives electrodes near just
like sun to the crown similar radiation is observed . Crown discharge to the div arrival for
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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page 58
finally strong uneven electricity field there is to be condition . For example , large high-voltage
electricity vines conductor wires Let's see . Wire and the earth of the capacitor two to consider as
a cover This is possible . electricity field uneven is , area strength wire near very big to value
achieves . In this field gas electricity field under the influence finally intensive accordingly
ionizes . Therefore for this in the field the wire snow from the side surrounded received
radiation , that is independent gas discharge This is observed . electricity of energy waste to be
reason will be . Crown discharge only wires around not , maybe strong and uneven electricity
field to the div arrived electrodes also around the div For example , the electrode any part
curvature radius small was threesome has if so , this electricity in the field ( three ) charge
concentration very increasing goes . That's why for this threesome around radiation is observed .
Crown discharge ship of masts , trees It is also observed at the ends . Old at times this The
phenomena were called " the lights of Saint Elma . "
2. Sparkling discharge ( spark ) . Capacitor coatings or induction reel of the scythe two
tip between voltage finally when it is large of gas motivation accordingly from a tattoo ionization
as a result short timely discharge spark to the div comes . The most huge spark Lightning is a
discharge . Lightning clouds between or cloud with Earth between big potentials difference to
the div arrival as a result appearance will be. Spark nearby gas high to temperatures it gets hot
and sharp expands . This is own in turn sound of waves to the div to come cause It will be.
Yashin's length up to 50 kilometers , current power Up to 20,000 A It will . That's why lightning
for because of to the div coming sound , that is thunder very strong will be.
3. Electricity discharge ( electric) arc ). The current pole connected electrodes to each
other if we touch and electricity vine If we conduct , the electrodes to each other touching
standing ends It gets hot . Then them from each other a little Let's move it away . Cathode
become service doer electrode very many thermoelectrons These thermoelectrons
electrodes
between gas ionizes . As a result electrodes between bow shaped strong ( eye) dazzling at the
level bright ( shining ) appearance It will be . electricity arc or Petrov arc It is called . Electricity
arc from a spark different as , continuously continue will reach .
Charge carriers to the div to come provider main processes ionization , recombination
and electronic emission are processes .
Electrons and ions harvest to be process ionization , electrons and ions was gas and
ionized It is called gas . Electricity till gas range through when it passes positive ions negative to
the pole ( cathode ), negative ions and positive It tends to the pole (anod ). Movement on time
some ions and electrons collide and neutralize , and the neutralized atom and molecules harvest
does . Neutral atoms and molecules harvest to be process again This is called recombination .
Again combination on time electromagnetic radiation in the style of energy Electricity
gas in discharge electrode negative the surface of the cathode ions with bomber when it does ,
this to the surface electromagnetic radiation impact when it does , high temperature under the
influence and electricity area when placed negative
from the surface of the pole ( cathode )
external to the environment electrons It comes out . Man fii pole from the surface external to the
environment electrons radiation electronic is called emission . So so , bow in discharge ions
harvest will be , gases ionization reverse process again combination with together electronic
There will also be emissions .
Ionization and wake up potentials .
Atomic nucleus from their connections electron
dissociate , forming a positive ion to do for known in quantity energy spending to do necessary .
The electron separation for spent energy ionization The work was called . In electron volts
expressed ionization work ionization The gas is called the potential . molecule or to the atom
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 59
connected to the electron any additional quantity energy if given , electronic energetic level
higher was new into orbit passes , molecule or an atom excited in case Gas
atom or
molecule wake up for spending to do need was in electron-volts expressed energy amount wake
up potential It is called . Gas atom or molecule woke up status stable it won't be possible and
electronic again back stationary into orbit return possible , atomic or molecule and to a normal
state without waking up return possible . In this wake up energy surroundings into space light
electromagnetic radiation in the style of is transmitted.
Ionization and wake up potential size of the atom to nature related . Cesium of steam
ionization potential (3.9 eV) is the most small , helium of gas ionization potential and the most
will be large (24.5 eV) . Alkaline-earth Electrons in metals ( cesium , potassium , sodium ,
barium , calcium ) with core between connection strong not , that's why for their ionization
potentials the most small will be , wake up and electron release to work iron , manganese ,
copper and to nickel relatively less energy is spent . Ionization and wake up potential being
welded from metal less was elements electrode coatings to the composition is entered , in which
in gases bow discharge stagnation increases . The electron from metal or liquid from the div
separation for necessary was energy amount electron exit is called work and it is in electron-volts
is expressed .
Conclusion.
Arc discharge involves various interrelated physical and chemical processes, including
ionization, intense heat generation, and electrode wear. These phenomena significantly impact
the efficiency and stability of arc-based applications such as welding, lighting, and plasma
cutting. A deeper understanding of these processes can lead to advancements in materials science,
electrical engineering, and industrial technologies, optimizing the performance and longevity of
arc-related systems.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 60
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