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THE ROLE OF VOCABULARY WORK IN TEACHING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Safarova Aziza Lazizjon kizi
2nd-year student of Gulistan State Pedagogical Institute
Jabborova D.D.
Scientific Advisor: Doctor of Philosophy in Pedagogical Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor
Keywords:
speech development, vocabulary work, semanticization, activation, word usage,
methodological approaches, Russian language, literature lessons, pedagogy, linguistics,
vocabulary expansion, systematic study, speech skills, moral values, teaching methodology.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqola rus tili va adabiyot darslarida lug‘at ustida ishlashning ahamiyatini
o‘quvchilarning nutqini rivojlantirishning asosiy jihatlaridan biri sifatida ko‘rib chiqadi. Muallif
lug‘at ustida ishlash bosqichlarini, jumladan, semantizatsiya, faollashtirish va so‘zlarni nutqda
qo‘llash jarayonlarini tahlil qiladi hamda o‘quvchilarning lug‘at boyligini kengaytirish uchun
samarali metodik yondashuvlar va mashqlarni taklif etadi. Maqolada lug‘atni o‘rganish
jarayonining tizimli va maqsadli bo‘lishi, shuningdek, u rus tili dasturining barcha bo‘limlariga
integratsiya qilinishi zarurligi ta’kidlanadi. Yetakchi lingvist va metodistlarning ishlariga
tayangan holda, muallif o‘quvchilarning lug‘atini faollashtirish nafaqat ularning nutq
ko‘nikmalarini yaxshilashini, balki axloqiy qadriyatlarni shakllantirishga ham hissa qo‘shishini
ta’kidlaydi. Ushbu ish rus tili o‘qituvchilari, metodistlar hamda pedagogika va lingvistika
sohalaridagi tadqiqotchilar uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.
Аннотация:
В данной статье рассматривается важность работы над лексикой на уроках
русского языка и литературы как одного из ключевых аспектов развития речи учащихся.
Автор анализирует этапы работы с лексикой, включая семантизацию, активизацию и
применение слов в речи, а также предлагает эффективные методические подходы и
упражнения для расширения словарного запаса обучающихся. В статье подчеркивается
необходимость системного и целенаправленного изучения лексики, интегрированного во
все разделы курса русского языка. Опираясь на труды ведущих лингвистов и методистов,
автор доказывает, что активизация словарного запаса учащихся способствует не только
улучшению их речевых навыков, но и формированию нравственных ценностей. Работа
может быть полезна преподавателям русского языка, методистам и исследователям в
области педагогики и лингвистики.
Abstract:
This article examines the importance of working on vocabulary in Russian language
and literature lessons as one of the key aspects of students' speech development. The author
analyzes the stages of vocabulary work, including semanticization, activation, and the
application of words in speech, and proposes effective methodological approaches and exercises
for expanding students' vocabulary. The article emphasizes the necessity of a systematic and
purposeful study of vocabulary, integrated into all sections of the Russian language curriculum.
Drawing on the works of leading linguists and methodologists, the author argues that activating
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1333
students' vocabulary not only improves their speech skills but also contributes to the formation of
moral values. This work may be useful for Russian language teachers, methodologists, and
researchers in the fields of pedagogy and linguistics.
Vocabulary work in Russian language and literature classes plays a crucial role in enriching
students' vocabulary. This article presents the stages of vocabulary work, as well as sample
exercises with additional tasks using selected vocabulary during lessons.
Prominent educators and methodologists have emphasized the need to develop children's speech
and nurture a love for their native language. K.D. Ushinsky advocated for the development of the
"gift of speech," highlighting its importance in shaping children's cognitive activities and further
learning. He stated: "A child who is not accustomed to understanding the meaning of words, who
understands them vaguely or not at all, and who has not acquired the habit of using them freely
in spoken and written speech, will always struggle with this deficiency when studying other
subjects."
Research Objective
The goal of this study is to develop students' speech, which requires systematic work on its
content, teaching students to construct sentences sequentially, carefully select appropriate words
and their forms, and consistently work on the correct expression of thoughts.
Vocabulary work should not be an isolated episode in a teacher’s work but rather a systematic,
well-organized, and pedagogically structured activity integrated into all sections of the Russian
language curriculum. The renowned scholar-methodologist A.V. Tekuchev wrote: "Vocabulary
work is not an occasional activity in teaching but a systematic, well-organized, and
pedagogically structured process related to all sections of the Russian language course."
Stages of Vocabulary Work
Vocabulary work can be divided into the following stages:
1.
Semantization of the word
(explaining its meaning)
2.
Activation of the word
(encouraging its use)
3.
Application of the word in speech
Activating vocabulary is one of the most important aspects of vocabulary work in lessons. The
teacher’s task is to help students master the collocational and contextual use of passive words,
converting them into active vocabulary. A word is considered activated when a student uses it at
least once in retellings, stories, dialogues, letters, essays, etc. Mastery of a word includes
knowledge of its semantics, collocations, and usage.
Methodological Basis of the Study
The research is based on the works of linguists specializing in terminology, including A.A.
Reformatsky, G.O. Vinokur, V.P. Danilenko, O.S. Akhmanova, T.L. Kandelaki, L.A. Kapanadze,
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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page 1334
V.A. Tatarnov, S.V. Grinev, B.N. Golovin, R.Y. Kobrin, A.V. Superanskaya, N.V. Podolskaya,
N.V. Vasilyeva, V.M. Leichik, L.Y. Buyanova, G.P. Nemets, T.H. Kade, S.D. Shelov, and others.
The study of terminology systems is not new in linguistics and continues to attract increasing
attention from researchers. General questions of sectoral terminology are reflected in studies
such as S.G. Kazarin’s "Typological Characteristics of Sectoral Terminology" (Kazarin, 1999),
Z.I. Komarova’s "Semantic Problems of Russian Sectoral Terminography" (Komarova, 1991),
A.V. Milyuk’s "Secondary Nomination in Sectoral Terminologies" (Milyuk, 2004), and T.V.
Ryzhenkova’s "Specifics of the Trans-Terminolization Process in Sectoral Terminology
Systems" (Ryzhenkova, 2001).
Effective Methods of Vocabulary Work
Explaining a word is only the first step in enriching students’ vocabulary. To ensure a word
becomes part of a student's active vocabulary, extensive work is required. Practical experience in
speech development suggests that routine and randomness are unacceptable; instead, a structured,
flexible, and ongoing approach to word study should be planned for every lesson.
A word is memorized more effectively when perceived through multiple sensory channels. Thus,
each word should be introduced to students repeatedly and in different contexts to engage sight,
hearing, touch, memory, and, of course, conscious understanding.
Students' vocabulary remains limited, particularly regarding words related to human
relationships. Mastering vocabulary in this thematic group is crucial for instilling proper
behavioral norms. Research has shown that students inherently strive for kindness and moral
values but often lack the necessary vocabulary to express these concepts. For instance, words
such as kindness, compassion, devotion, and sensitivity are often missing from their active
vocabulary. A review of Russian language textbooks indicates that, while they contain diverse
themes, they frequently lack essential words like hospitality, loyalty, mercy, and tactfulness.
However, vocabulary work with these words is both necessary and feasible in grammar and
spelling lessons.
In colleges, teachers often overlook the potential of lessons for moral education, as textbooks
primarily focus on cognitive objectives.
Key Steps in Vocabulary Activation
1.
Defining the word
using one or more techniques:
o
Contextual analysis
o
Finding synonyms or antonyms
o
Identifying related root words
o
Using descriptive explanations
2.
Reading and writing the word
(orthographic and pronunciation practice)
3.
Working with sample usages
(ready-made phrases and sentences)
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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page 1335
4.
Establishing semantic connections
through exercises designed to help students
recognize and assimilate paradigmatic relationships between words.
Vocabulary work on selected thematic groups can follow two approaches:
Integrating thematic words into textbook exercises
Introducing additional assignments using selected vocabulary during lessons
Sample Exercises
1.
Find words with the same root in each row:
o
добрый, чуткий, доброта
o
нежный, ласковый, нежность
o
отзывчивый, душевный, сердечный
o
равнодушие, равнодушный, безразличный
2.
Identify the part of speech for each word:
o
верный, верить, внимание, доброжелательный, честный, равнодушный,
уважение, тревожиться
3.
Match words with opposite meanings:
o
жестокий — ?
o
ласковый — ?
o
равнодушный — ?
o
вежливый — ?
Conclusion
In colleges, lexicology is studied in a narrow sense, i.e., as the lexical system of a language.
However, the curriculum also includes information on stable expressions and dictionaries
(explanatory, foreign words, and phraseological dictionaries).
Lexicology is studied in both an educational and practical aspect: it familiarizes students with the
lexical system of the Russian language while developing their ability to use different lexical
layers in various communication situations, thus enriching their vocabulary with different
lexical-semantic word groups.
Vocabulary work and lexicology study are closely related but distinct. While both focus on
words, lexicology studies words as units of the lexical system, whereas vocabulary work
primarily aims to expand students' active vocabulary. Nevertheless, vocabulary expansion occurs
more effectively when supported by lexicological knowledge.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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page 1336
Therefore, in teaching lexicology, it is essential to consider the methodological differences
between vocabulary work and lexicology instruction, ensuring a strong connection between the
two methodologies.
References:
1. Vinogradov, V.V. Russian Language (The Grammatical Doctrine of the Word). Moscow,
1972, p. 318.
2. Shansky, N.M. Lexicology of the Modern Russian Language. Moscow: Prosveshchenie,
1972, p. 344.
