Авторы

  • З. Асраев
    Bukhara State Technical University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.jasss.79484

Аннотация

The scientific research focuses on the systematic approach to analyzing experimental data and deriving an effective mathematical model that best represents the underlying phenomena. This process involves data collection, pre-processing, statistical analysis, and model selection. By using optimization techniques and mathematical tools, researchers aim to identify the most accurate and efficient model, ensuring that it not only fits the experimental data but also generalizes well to future experiments. The work typically includes model validation, error analysis, and refinement to ensure the model’s robustness and predictive power. This process is crucial in various scientific and engineering fields where accurate modeling of complex systems is required for prediction and decision-making.

 

 

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PROCESSING EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND CREATING AN OPTIMAL

MATHEMATICAL MODEL

Asraev Z.R.

PhD, Associate Professor of Bukhara State Technical University

Annotation:

The scientific research focuses on the systematic approach to analyzing

experimental data and deriving an effective mathematical model that best represents the

underlying phenomena. This process involves data collection, pre-processing, statistical analysis,

and model selection. By using optimization techniques and mathematical tools, researchers aim

to identify the most accurate and efficient model, ensuring that it not only fits the experimental

data but also generalizes well to future experiments. The work typically includes model

validation, error analysis, and refinement to ensure the model’s robustness and predictive power.

This process is crucial in various scientific and engineering fields where accurate modeling of

complex systems is required for prediction and decision-making.

Keywords:

experimental data, data processing, mathematical model, optimization, model

selection, statistical analysis, prediction, regression analysis, machine learning, system

identification

Introduction

. In order to automate production and achieve scientifically sound results in a

market economy, it is important to create adequate mathematical models of objects, processes,

systems or phenomena and conduct scientific research based on them. Such adequate models

directly depend on the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data. Today, experiments are

not only a modern means of obtaining scientifically sound knowledge in the relevant fields of

natural and technical sciences, but also a necessary component of the implementation of

innovative technologies in economics, sociology, politics, the military sphere, as well as in

production.
There are two methods for studying the objects, systems, processes, or phenomena mentioned

above. The first is the transition from an object to a model, and the second is the transition from

a model to an object. One of the main stages of the transition from an object to a model is the

processing of experimental data. Such experimental data serve as the basis for analyzing the

subject area, developing physical or econometric models, as well as studying the state of the

object or predicting it, and determining alternative parameters. Therefore, in recent years,

scientists have paid increased attention to the development of new statistical methods for

processing experimental data, improving them and increasing their adequacy, and widely

introducing them into various sectors of the economy. This, in turn, places demands on the

quality of experimental work and the introduction of cost-effective methods and tools.
Such experiments are conducted in three parts: studying the object, analyzing the conditions, and

exploring the possibilities of conducting the experiment.
Research shows that it is advisable to conduct experiments in the following stages:


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studying the essence of the object or process being studied and expressing it

mathematically based on the information collected, analyzing and determining the conditions

and means of conducting the experiment;

creating conditions that ensure the most efficient conduct of experiments and research of

the object under study;

collection of experimental results, their registration and mathematical processing and

description of the processed results in a convenient form;

experience the results detailed analysis​ ​ ​ and lighting ;

experience the results application refers to the state of the object decisions​ ​

acceptance​ q ilish , as well as from the model when making decisions , predicting , avoiding

the object in the process or use in its optimization .
Experiments can be divided into several classes according to the type of research object. They

are physical , engineering , medical , biological , social , sociological​ ​ and other classes are

included . Nowadays, it is scientifically proven by scientists and engineering​ ​

their

experiences of the transmission general The rules are scientifically based out​ ​ ​ That's it in

the experiments , he gave an idea of processes natural and artificial physical objects ( structures )

are studied in detail . According to the rules of conducting experiments , researcher them start

eating​ physical skills in situations measuring processes​ must be repeated several times .
Later, it will be possible to give the required values of the input variables, vary them over a large

range, and remove or, conversely, include parameters whose dependence is not studied during

this time interval. Such opportunities are limited in other class problems. Some methods used in

conducting physics and engineering experiments, for example, methods of statistical data

processing, can also be successfully applied to non-technical problems.

It is appropriate to divide research experiments into classes according to the following

characteristics:

by the degree of proximity of the experiment to the object being used directly, that is, the

object from which new information needs to be obtained (natural, demonstration or polygonal,

model, computational experiments);

for the purposes of conducting the experiment (research, testing or control, management-

optimization, guidance);

according to the degree of influence on the conditions of conducting the experiment

(passive and active experiments);

according to the level of direct human participation in experiments (non-automated -

automatic, automated tools that change and create the conditions for conducting experiments,


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collect and process experimental data).
It should be noted that a model created on the basis of collecting and processing experimental

data is undoubtedly one of the necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for a positive impact on

the development of the relevant field.
Today, the rapid development of computer technologies has created opportunities for the

automatic collection of experimental data and their processing, as well as the development of

many technical and software packages for production automation and their successful

implementation.
The main goal of our scientific research is to study one-factor processes and create a regression

equation for such processes. An adequate mathematical model can be selected based on the data

of experimental research processes using computer technologies. Instrumental software makes

the work of scientific researchers much easier. It frees researchers from manually calculating the

regression equation based on the data obtained from the experimental results. Also, the software

allows to choose an alternative mathematical model in the management of technological

processes. By entering the results of scientific research into the database of the program, it

creates opportunities to choose a regression equation based on computer modeling, build

appropriate graphs, and make alternative decisions.
Taking into account that creating an automated software system for selecting a regression

equation for one-factor processes based on experimental research data is a complex process, we

will develop them conditionally in several stages.

Phase 1. Include experimental data or observational results.

the influencing factors

X and the resulting factors Y

, as well as its physical meaning in the

development of the process under study. One of the necessary factors for the effective use of

statistical methods in the construction of empirical relationships is the preliminary statistical

processing of experimental data or observation results.
The main content of initial data processing is to eliminate gross errors and suspicious values that

may arise due to measurement of indicator values or some unexpected reasons.

During initial processing, specific issues are usually resolved: errors and outliers of the observed

quantity and other indicators are eliminated, analyzed, omitted measurements are restored,

measurement data are condensed (homogeneity is checked, univariate data is combined, data is

grouped, parameters of the measured data are estimated), and distribution laws are studied.

Any model should allow you to simulate the observed phenomenon or process (in any language -

mathematical, graphical, algorithmic, conversational, etc.). The specific goals set also determine

the language in which the model will be written. Today, most technical and physical models are

written in the language of mathematics.
Let x

1

,x

2

,... ,x

N

be the results of observing the input of an object, and y

1

,y

2

,... y

N

be the

observations of the output results 1,2,…N in discrete time units, respectively. Such observations


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associate the object with an unknown operator F

0 :

Y

i

=F

0

(x

i

) (i=1,2,...,N)

is to synthesize such a model operator

F , where F

0

is the estimation of

x

i

and

y

i

from

observations . Naturally, any one model operator by criterion b '

F is

the object operator

F

0

ga

ya q in b ' death demand will be done , that is

F ~ F

0

.

Stage 2. Calculation of statistical indicators.

To effectively use statistical methods in constructing empirical relationships, preliminary

statistical processing of experimental data or observation results is required. This involves

calculating the arithmetic mean, central moments, dispersion, root mean square difference, and

coefficients of variation.

Stage 3. Calculation of the correlation coefficient.

The essence of this analysis is to determine the degree of probability of a relationship (usually

linear) between two or more random variables. The set of such random variables includes the

initial random variables (

X

) and the resulting random variable (

Y

). Correlation analysis allows

you to select factors or regressors (in a regression model) that have a significant impact on the

resulting factor and assess the degree of agreement with experimental data.

Correlation connections​ ​ ​ ​

different densities level b can die .​

If (

X )

factor k '

indicator for the price close to each other , the resulting factor (

U )

of average price​ ​ around

dense located values​

suitable if it comes , such a part is dense is calculated . In a linear

relationship, as the

X

indicator increases (decreases),

the U

indicator also increases (decreases),

and the relationship is expressed by a straight-line equation. If the

U indicator decreases

(increases) as the

X

indicator increases (decreases), then the relationship is inverse and is

expressed by some kind of curved line equation.

The closer the correlation coefficient value is to |1|, the stronger the linear relationship between

X

and

Y

, while the closer it is to 0, the stronger the linear relationship. If the correlation coefficient

is 0, there is no linear relationship, but it can produce a nonlinear correlation.

Step 4. Determination of the optimal regression equation.

One of the problems in constructing a regression equation is to determine the type of

analytical function that reflects the mechanism of the relationship between the outcome

and factor indicators. In order to show a certain relationship with this or that equation, the

researcher must put forward a working hypothesis that can be subsequently confirmed or

refuted.

In this situation, the following analytical method of determining the relationship is used: Let

Y be

a function of

the variable

X

with parameters

"a"

and

"b"

. Then we choose the empirical

relationship from the following set of functions:
1)

b

ax

y

+

=

- linear function;


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2)

b

x

a

y

=

-

level function;

3)

y

b

a

y

=

- k ' index function;

4)

b

x

a

y

+

=

- hyperbolic function;

5)

b

ax

y

+

=

1

- fraction rational function;

6)

b

ax

x

y

+

=

- fraction rational function;

7)

b

x

a

y

+

=

lg

is a logarithmic function.

that represents an alternative representation

(

)

b

a

x

f

y

,

,

=

of the constructed graph, we perform

the following steps:

x

1

and

x

n )

on the cross section where the experimental results are presented and find the

following intermediate values:

a)

2

2

1

1

n

n

y

y

арифметик

Y

x

x

арифметик

X

+

=

+

=

,

b)

n

n

y

y

геометрик

Y

x

х

геометрик

X

=

=

1

1

,

c)

n

n

n

n

y

y

y

y

гармоник

Y

x

x

x

x

гармоник

X

+

=

+

=

1

1

1

1

2

2

,

2) We determine the values of the function

X

"Y"

(

Y*)

corresponding to the calculated values of

" " . If the calculated

X

value is equal to one of the given values of X, then the corresponding

given value is

Y*

. If the calculated

X

value does not correspond to the distribution values, then

X

the intermediate points (

i

and

i+1) at which these values lie

are determined:

X

i

<

X

< X

i+1

and

Y*

is found using the interpolation formula:

)

(

1

1

*

i

i

i

i

i

i

X

X

X

X

Y

Y

Y

Y

+

=

,

The arithmetic,

geometric

, and

harmonic values of Y * are determined

, respectively , and the

following differences are calculated:


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ap

Y

Y

P

=

*

1

,

ap

гaр

Y

Y

P

=

*

4

,

геo

геo

Y

Y

P

=

*

2

,

гap

Y

Y

P

=

*

5

,

геo

Y

Y

P

=

*

3

,

гap

гaр

Y

Y

P

=

*

6

,

ap

гео

Y

Y

P

=

*

7

Each

P

k

(k=1,2,…,7)

corresponds to a certain dependency function:

P

1

y=ax+b,

b

x

a

y

P

+

=

4

,

b

ax

y

P

=

2

,

b

ax

y

P

+

=

1

5

,

x

ab

y

P

=

3

,

b

ax

x

y

P

+

=

6

,

P

7

y=algx+b,

the calculated

P

k is then

determined. The relationship to which the smallest value corresponds is

considered a regression equation representing the distribution of the experimental results, and its

unknown parameters a and b are determined using the least squares method.

( )

=

2

x

x

n

y

x

xy

n

a

i

,

( )

=

2

2

2

x

x

n

x

xy

x

y

b

Step 5. Graphical analysis.

At this stage, the correlation graph of the values obtained as a result of the research and the

graphs of all seven calculated equations (functions) are built in one coordinate system.
Among them, if the graph of the corresponding equation is close to the correlation graph (main

graph) of the values obtained based on the research results, then this equation is considered valid.

References

1.

1. Lvovsky E.N. “Statistical methods for constructing empirical formulas”, M., Nauka.


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76

2012.
2.

2.2. Kabulov A.B., Kenjaboev O.T. Economic mathematical methods and models in

valuation. – Tashkent: “Fan”, 2006.
3.

3. Ermakov, S.M., Mikhailov G.A. Statistical modeling / S.M., Ermakov, G.A. Mikhailov.

- M.: Nauka, 2002. - 296 s.

Библиографические ссылки

Lvovsky E.N. “Statistical methods for constructing empirical formulas”, M., Nauka. 2012.

2. Kabulov A.B., Kenjaboev O.T. Economic mathematical methods and models in valuation. – Tashkent: “Fan”, 2006.

Ermakov, S.M., Mikhailov G.A. Statistical modeling / S.M., Ermakov, G.A. Mikhailov. - M.: Nauka, 2002. - 296 s.