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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE IMPACT OF FIBER DEFECTS IN THE
YARN PRODUCTION PROCESS
Mahmudova Gulshanoy Ozodjon kizi
Assistant, Fergana state technical university
Annotation
: This article analyzes the effect of various defects on yarn. in yarn
and man-made yarns, thicker threads are formed as a result of the strip being torn
off. This defect is caused by the fact that the tape is not connected correctly. As a
result of research, measures to prevent tape rupture were
analyzed
.
Keywords:
defects, light, capacity, mass, unevenness, engine, air pressure,
mechanism.
Currently, Saurer Czech and Saurer Group companies, in cooperation with
other companies, produce many models of pneumatic spinning machines under the
BD brand. A group of such machines is produced under the BD 300 model (models
BD 310, BD 320, BD 321 and BD 330). These machines are designed for spinning
cotton yarn.
The machines have the following mechanisms in order to improve thread
quality, facilitate technical maintenance and increase the economic efficiency of
production:
- "third hand" - a mechanism for removing the bobbins filled with thread,
installing an empty spool and providing spare winding from the thread on its right
side;
- a connecting lever or a semi-automatic connecting mechanism to facilitate its
connection when the thread is broken;
- control device - serves to display the adjusted and actual parameters of the
machine, adjust, perform technological calculations, control the process of starting
spinning, and monitor the operation of the machine.
On the display of the control mechanism, all indicators are displayed in the
specified order or they are reset. You can choose the necessary language for
communication (English, German, French, Russian and others);
- device for starting the spinning process;
-lights indicating that the thread is disconnected;
- pulleys, belts for changing speeds in the transmission part;
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- data gathering system (on some machines);
-lights warning of changes in air pressure (in some cars);
- an additional engine for adjusting the rotation speed of the camera (in some
cars);
- automatic air pressure adjustment device (on some cars).
The technological structure of the machine does not differ much from the
previously reviewed machines. In it, the essence of the processes of supplying,
discretizing, transferring and threading, winding the thread is carried out in the order
of the previous machines. However, due to the use of mechanisms and devices that
implement these processes, their parts, transmission of motion to the machine and
the use of new technical solutions in its management, the quality of yarn, the increase
in productivity will lead to an increase in economic efficiency. This is a very
important result.
Thickened strands appear as a result of a hair breaking off, its tip becoming
entangled with another hair. The main defects found in raw silk are various and
include: short thickened areas, longer dense sections, protruding and displaced ends
of the silk, and splits in the middle of one or more strands when the cocoon threads
are under different tension. spiral into threads to be wrapped in appearance.
In addition, defects affect weaving processes. That is, the thickening of yarns
is the presence of yarns or warp yarns in the yarn whose linear density is higher than
the linear density of the main fonn of the yarn. Local thickening - thickening of trunk
or rope threads in short sections. Defects such as the difference in the tension, twist,
color or shape of the cross-section of the threads of the warp or weft thread from the
neighboring threads also affect the weaving process.
Artificial yarns have the following defects: uneven spinning of viscose yarns
or insufficient spinning (occurs when the yarns are formed in excessive acid
deposition baths), different colors of the yarns (occurs when the spinning solution is
not homogeneous and dirty) , the hairiness of the threads - the ends of isolated
threads that have broken off and protruded on the surface of the thread (when the
spinning solution is not well cleaned of air bubbles and the solution is not appears
when there is no viscosity), twisting - in the short part of the threads wavy tortuosity.
Appearance of cotton threads according to GOST 15818-80 standard is
determined; short-section unevenness, knots (thinning, thickening); visible, seed
parts, leaf, bark fiber, pod fragments, various external defects and hakoza. They are
“JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN
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ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869
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divided into A, B, V classes. Unevenness is defined as the unevenness of the kalava
yarns and yarns in terms of thickness, cooking, hardness and elongation. In order to
determine the unevenness, the kalava yarn is compared with the standard (sample)
kept in the laboratory, as well as by measuring the indicators several times with the
appropriate tools and putting them into the appropriate formulas, the unevenness is
calculated as a percentage. Yarns and staple fibers made of chemical fibers are more
uniform in terms of yarn properties than complex yarns made of natural fibers and
natural silk.
With at least 10 tubes to determine the class of spun yarns thread is selected.
Each product unit is wound on a screen winding machine with a pitch of 1.5
mm on a black board up to 100 m long, and the class of yarn for each side is
determined by comparison with benchmarks. The work of wrapping the spun threads
on the board is carried out evenly. In order to easily calculate the defects in the spun
yarn, a template made of black cardboard is placed on the wound yarn. This pattern
is divided into 10 rectangles. Each rectangle is 20mm high and 25mm wide to view
25 twisted yarns, 5m on 1 side and 5m on 2nd side, sum of yarn defects calculated
and compared to the table, the class of the thread is determined.
A cardboard template is placed on a board wrapped in thread. It has about 10
rectangular holes. The length of the strings inside the rectangle is 5 m. Defects on
the threads inside the rectangles on both sides of the board are considered. According
to the obtained result, the number of defects corresponding to 1 g of thread is
determined by the following formula.
where: linear density of T-thread, tyeks; n-10 m number of defects in the thread;
L=10 m.
Subsequently, several methods and equipment projects have been developed
in the spinning industry to control product defects. Currently, visual, gravimetric,
mechanical, capacitive, photoelectric and other types of measuring methods are
widely used for these purposes.
The method and tools of the company "Sylveger" (Switzerland) for determining
the defects of spun yarns occupy one of the top places. One of the most common
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equipment for detecting defects of spun yarns in the spinning process is "Uster-
Tester". The following features are obtained in the equipment: common defects in 1
km of spun yarn - thinning (-20, -40, -50, -80%); thickened (+35, +50, +70, +100
%), knots (+140, +200, +280, +400 %). The equipment has high performance and
diagnoses the condition of the equipment in the technological process.
Another device that determines the cleanliness of threads is the AOPN-5
photocell-based device. In the photocell method, defects are detected based on the
passage between a different type of photocell (vacuum, phototriode, photoamplifier,
etc.) and a light source. For example, device defects divided into: large thickening,
threads with a diameter of 1.5, thickening, threads with a diameter greater than 1.5
and a length of more than 10 cm; super thickening, threads larger than 2 diameters:
thinning threads less than 0.6 diameter and threads less than 0.6 diameter with a
length of more than 10 cm. In addition, devices with capacitive sensors are used to
determine and control the cleanliness of threads. The test leads are passed through
the plate capacitor, resulting in a change in its resistance. The resistance of a
capacitor is inversely proportional to its capacitance, and the larger the mass of the
wire, the smaller it is.
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