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ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF COTTON SEPARATORS.
Mahmudova Gulshanoy Ozodjon kizi
Assistant, Fergana Polytechnic Institute
Nosirova Ma’suma, Zokirjonova Gulsora
Students, Fergana Polytechnic Institute
Abstract:
In this article, the influence of separation blanks exposed to fiber
in the process of separating cotton from the carrier air on the initial indicators of
product quality is studied. A theoretical analysis based on existing patterns was
carried out on it. In real conditions, theoretical studies of the problems of transferring
existing technology to pneumatic transport and their practical solutions have been
carried out. Conclusions and suggestions based on the results of theoretical studies
of the effect of separation of cotton from air on the process are given.
Keywords:
cotton raw materials, separator, working surfaces, pneumatic
conveying equipment, impact force, friction force, frequency, elongation at break,
microneuron, quality indicator.
INTRODUCTION
Every year, 23-24 mln. tons of cotton fiber is produced, and its annual
consumption is 0.5-1.0 million tons more, and the insufficient amount of fiber is
covered by raw material reserves. Therefore, cotton cultivation has become one of
the promising branches of agriculture on a global scale, and not only the main
production, but also the improvement of auxiliary technological processes in the
initial processing of raw materials, in particular, the issues of ensuring the efficiency
of production of cotton products by improving processes such as separation of cotton
from the carrier air have risen to the level of issues that determine the current state
and prospects of the industry.
The process of initial processing of cotton includes preparation, storage,
transportation, drying, cleaning, separation of fibers and seeds, and the processes of
packing the finished product. The performance and quality of each piece of
equipment and process in this chain is closely related to the performance and quality
of work of the preceding machines. The supply of cotton raw materials to the entire
technological process is carried out by means of air transport equipment.
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Bunts are used in cotton ginning enterprises, and pneumatic transporters of
suction type are mainly used to transport cotton between workshops.
The advantage
of the suction pneumatic transport equipment is that the working air pipe system can
be easily changed depending on the location of the storage areas of the cotton
ginning enterprises, and its length can be extended or shortened by connecting
additional pipes to the primary air pipes, depending on the need. The productivity of
the pneumatic transport equipment depends on the total production capacity of the
cotton ginning enterprise, the amount of raw cotton processed per hour, and in most
enterprises it is an average of 10 tons of raw cotton per hour.
METHODS
Initially, some changes were made to the "SS-15A" and "SS-15M" brand
separators developed in 1956, but the basic structures of the construction were
preserved [1].
In many literatures on the transportation of cotton by air, in particular, V.A. Schwab,
F.G. Zuev, A.M. Korn, A.M. Dzyadzio, A.S. In chamber work, it was shown that
the resistance of the air mixture movement depends on the air flow rate.
In particular, in [2], the author proposed to install a squeegee tilted at 45
degrees relative to the radial axis in order to reduce cotton sticking to the mesh
surface and ensure faster separation from it. In this case, issues such as compression
of cotton between the mesh surface and the strainer, damage to the seed were not
taken into account.
Amirov R. in his work [3] showed that it depends not only on the magnitudes
of the flow velocity components and the initial velocity, but also on the coefficient
"k" and the concentration of the object being separated.
A number of scientists [4,5,6,7,8] engaged in improving the work of the
separator tried to carry out the process of separating cotton from air using the force
of inertia generated by the movement of cotton, by changing the direction of the air
flow.
The main part of the separator is the separation zone, where the product is
divided. Due to the mass of the material, it was shown that a large chamber is needed
to provide it during the process of separation from the air, as described in [9].
N. E. Avdiev's work [10] on the separation of spilled materials has
theoretically and experimentally studied the process of separation of small particles
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through a mesh surface. Particles in constant contact with the mesh surface were
more likely to become airborne.
Ya.Urban [11] studied the process of air movement of particles of different
sizes. The basic laws of mechanics were used to determine the change in particle
movement and pressure loss, and the relationship between air flow velocity and
material transport speed was studied in the process of conveying material by air flow.
As a result of P.V.Baydyuk [12] theoretical-experimental study of the process
of transporting raw cotton by air, a number of regularities were determined.
Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Kha.A. Rakhmatullin [13], taking into account the aerodynamic resistance of air to
the transverse movement of a piece of cotton, determined the law of movement of
cotton in a pipe and put forward the idea that cotton can be separated from air using
the force of inertia.
Based on the results of the research, it was scientifically proven
that cotton separation occurs at an angle of 1350, while the flow speed is 16 m/s.
Muradov R. In [14], the behavior of cotton on cone-shaped mesh surfaces
was studied. According to the author, one of the main disadvantages of the transport
device with the help of air flow is the high energy consumption in the cotton
transportation process.
In the work of R. Muradov [15], the main causes of cotton being squeezed
between the blades of the vacuum valve and the walls of the chamber were studied.
General analyzes show that the physical-mechanical and aerodynamic
properties of cotton affect the process of separating it from air, and it is necessary to
take them into account when creating new constructions of the separator.
Cotton enters the working chamber of the separator with an air stream. The
main part moves correctly in the working chamber of the separator, hits its walls,
falls under the influence of its own weight to the vacuum valve. The rest will hit the
mesh surface. Circular mesh surfaces are installed on the sides of the separator
working chamber in the air flow path.
A certain amount of cotton sticks to these
surfaces. The rotation of the mesh surface makes it difficult for the cotton to settle
on its surface. Also, the coefficient of friction between the moving support surface
and the object on its surface is lower than that of the stationary surface.
Therefore,
when the cotton mesh surface rotates, it is forced to move outwards from the surface
due to gravity and centrifugal forces. A part of the cotton falls off the mesh surface
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under the influence of these two forces. The remaining part is separated using a fixed
extractor.
The equation of motion of a piece of cotton in the polar coordinate system
looks like this:
m
𝑟̈ =
-Gsin
𝜑
- F
i
cos
𝜑 + 𝐹
𝑚
𝜑 = 𝜔𝑡
Here, G = mg is the weight of cotton, N; m is mass, kg; Fi is the force of
friction, N; F
m
- centrifugal force,N; φ-angle of rotation of the surface, rad; ω-angular
velocity, rad/s; t-time, s
The equation of motion of a piece of cotton in the polar coordinate system
looks like this:
m
𝑟̈ =
-Gsin
𝜑
- F
i
cos
𝜑 − 𝐹
𝑖𝑠
cos𝜑 + 𝐹
𝑚
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
𝜑 = 𝜔𝑡
here, F
is
- coefficient of friction of cotton with the absorbent surface. It is found as
follows:
𝐹
𝑖𝑠
=
f N
We determine the force N of the cotton hitting the wick:
(3)
Putting the result in (2.39) and after some transformations, we get:
m
𝑟̈ =
-mgsin
𝜑
− [𝑚𝑓𝑘𝑣𝑥 + 𝑓𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜑 − 𝛽) 𝑓
1
𝑟𝜔
√𝑟 + 𝑟
2
𝜑
2
̇
̇
] cos𝜑 + 𝑚𝑟
2
𝜑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
𝜑 = 𝜔𝑡
The theoretical analysis of the process of extracting a piece of cotton from the
mesh surface from the analysis of the literature shows that under the influence of the
cotton squeegee, the cotton moves radially from the center to the periphery along
the mesh surface, and its movement trajectory has a spiral appearance. It can also be
concluded from these trajectory lines that if the holes on the surface are formed in
the form of grooves corresponding to these trajectories, the resistance to their
movement will decrease sharply. From this point of view, the idea of forming the
mesh surface of the separator from steel wire or tape in the form of a spiral expanding
(1)
(2)
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radially from the center was born, and a technical solution based on this was
developed.
RESULTS
Experiments were conducted in the proposed separator, and the release of
impurities and defects in the technological process was determined, and samples
were taken from the fibers after the filter, the existing SS-15A separator, and the
proposed separator, and the cotton was separated from the seed, and the results of
the research are shown in Table 4.3. Experiments are carried out in the HVI 900 SA
instrumental laboratory system designed to determine the fiber quality indicators
according to the international universal cotton fiber standard. The terms and quality
indicators in the HVI 900 SA instrumental laboratory system are given based on the
international universal cotton standard.
When the experiment was carried out after installing the inclined mesh surface
installed in the working chamber of the separator machine, it was found that positive
results were obtained based on the results of testing the fiber samples in the HVI-
900SA laboratory system of the laboratory center of the Namangan region branch of
the "Agrasanoat complex service center" DUK.
For example, the Mic - Microneur indicators of the fiber have not changed, Str
- the relative breaking strength decreased from 38.9 gs/tex in the existing separator
to 36.5 and 38.8 gs/tex in the new one, SFI - the amount of short fibers increased
from 2.6 to 3.4 in the existing separator and 2.7% in the new one, Elg - the relative
elongation at break is 6.9 to 6.0 in the existing separator ha, decreased to 6.7 in the
new one, Cnt - the amount of dirty mixtures decreased from 18 units in the existing
separator to 15 in the new one to 14 units.
The positive results obtained are the result of a reduction in impact forces
applied to the cotton in the new separator, the possibility of additional cleaning of
the cotton, and the elimination of the compression of the cotton between the vacuum-
valve wings and the wall.
The quality parameters of cotton fiber samples obtained after ginning
and separator were determined in HVI 900 – SA laboratory system.
Table 1
№
S 65-24 selection grade cotton fiber
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The name of quality
indicators in the
international universal
standard system of cotton
fiber
Natural
quality
indicators of
cotton fiber
Fiber from the
existing SS-15A
separator
Fiber from
advanced
separator
equipment
1
Mic Microneur
4,4
4,1
4,4
2
Str Relative breaking
strength, gs/tex
38,9
36,5
38,8
3
Len Upper average length,
inches, mm
1,18
1,15
1,18
4
Unf. Length uniformity
index, %
83,6
83,1
83,5
5
SFI- Content of short
fibers, %
2,6
3,4
2,7
6
Elg - Relative elongation at
break, %
6,9
6,0
6,7
7
Trash Dirty code
4
2
2
8
Cnt Amount of impurities
18
15
14
9
Area The area of
contaminated compounds
0,9
0,8
0,8
10
CG Sort by color
31 – 4
31 - 4
31-4
11
Rd- fiber reflection
coefficient, %
75,1
75,1
75,1
12
+b The degree of
yellowness of the fiber
8,6
8,6
8,6
Debate
The analysis of relevant scientific literature showed the need to identify a
number of shortcomings of the existing separators and conduct research on
additional cleaning of cotton in the separator, reduction of mechanical damage to
cotton and fiber loss.
Based on theoretical studies, the laws of air parameters change in the
pneumotransport system depending on the diameter of the pipe, different
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constructions of the transition parts of the pipe, and different initial parameters of
the fan have been determined.
As a result of studies of the movement of cotton along
the surface of the moving mesh of the separator, the effect of the speed of rotation
of the surface, the angle of deviation of the fixed strainer in the vertical plane on the
speed of cotton leaving the mesh surface was determined.
As a result of theoretical and practical studies, a design of a separator with a
rotating mesh surface and a fixed wiper was created, and as a result of studying the
dynamics of cotton interaction with a moving mesh surface, the cotton movement
trajectories, the time of its interaction with the mesh surface, and the rational value
of the angle of deviation of the fixed wiper with respect to the vertical axis of the
mesh surface were determined.
When the production sample of the new separator equipment was tested in
production conditions at the "Kosonsoy cotton ginning" enterprise, it was found that
the amount of impurities in cotton was reduced by 1.2%, and seed damage was
reduced by 1.7% (in absolute value).
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